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Guatemalan Academy Of Mayan Languages
The Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, or ALMG (English: ''Guatemalan Academy of Mayan Languages'') is a Guatemalan organisation that regulates the use of the 22 Mayan languages spoken within the borders of the republic. It has expended particular efforts on standardising the various writing systems used. Another of its functions is to promote Mayan culture, which it does by providing courses in the country's various Mayan languages and by training Spanish-Mayan interpreters. It was founded on 16 November 1990 as an autonomous state organization, following publication of the ''Ley de la Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala'', which had been passed by Congress the previous October. Orthography The ALMG have developed the most widely used orthographies for the Mayan languages. The Mayan languages in Mexico use different orthographies developed by INALI. For the languages that make a distinction between palato-alveolar and retroflex A retroflex () or cacuminal () conson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guatemala
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically bordered to the south by the Pacific Ocean and to the northeast by the Gulf of Honduras. The territory of modern Guatemala hosted the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica; in the 16th century, most of this was Spanish conquest of Guatemala, conquered by the Spanish and claimed as part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence from Spain and Mexico in 1821. From 1823 to 1841, it was part of the Federal Republic of Central America. For the latter half of the 19th century, Guatemala suffered instability and civil strife. From the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United States. In 1944, authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakaltek Language
The Jakaltek (''Jacaltec'') language, also known as Jakalteko (''Jacalteco'') or Poptiʼ, is a Mayan languages, Mayan language from the Qʼanjobalan languages, Q’anjob’alan-chujean branch spoken by the Jakaltek people in some municipalities in the state of Chiapas, Mexico and the municipality of Jacaltenango in the department of Huehuetenango Department, Huehuetenango, Guatemala in the border between both countries. Jakaltek is closely related with the Qʼanjobʼal language, Q'anjob'al and Akatek language, Akatek language and more distantly related with the Tojolabʼal language, Tojol-ab'al, Chuj language, Chuj and Mochoʼ language, Mocho'. In Mexico it is also known as Ab'xub'al. History Jakaltek was the language spoken by the population of the site of El Lagartero, in the present day La Trinitaria, Chiapas, municipality of La Trinitaria in Chiapas, Mexico, the site was inhabited from 300 AD to 1400 AD between the late classic and postclassic period of Mesoamerica. Distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uspantek Language
Uspantek (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to Kʼicheʼ. It is spoken in the Uspantán and Playa Grande Ixcán ''municipios'', in the Department El Quiché. It is also one of only three Mayan languages to have developed contrastive tone (the others being Yukatek and one dialect of Tzotzil). It distinguishes between vowels with high tone and vowels with low tone. Phonology Consonants There are 24 consonants in Uspantek including the glottal stop.Telma Angelina, et al. 2007. Vowels There are 5 vowels in Uspantek and they contrast in vowel length In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived or actual length (phonetics), duration of a vowel sound when pronounced. Vowels perceived as shorter are often called short vowels and those perceived as longer called long vowels. On one hand, many .... Tone Uspantek has two phonemic tones: high and falling (Can Pixabaj 2007:39). In writing, the high tone is represented by an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzʼutujil Language
Tzʼutujil is a Mayan language spoken by the Tzʼutujil people in the region to the south of Lake Atitlán in Guatemala. Tzʼutujil is closely related to its larger neighbors, Kaqchikel and Kʼicheʼ. The 2002 census found that 60,000 people speak Tzʼutujil as their mother tongue. The two Tzʼutujil dialects are Eastern and Western. The majority of the Tzʼutujil people speak Spanish as a second language, although many of the older people, or those who live remote areas do not speak Spanish. Many children also do not learn Spanish until they first go to school at the age of five although more importance is now being placed upon it due to the influx of tourism into the region. As of 2012, the Community Library Rijaʼtzuul Naʼooj in San Juan La Laguna features story telling for children in Tzʼutujil; bilingual children's books are also available. Spanish is used in written communication. Phonology In the charts below each of the Tzʼutujil phonemes is represented by the ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tektitek Language
Tektitek (name in Guatemala) or Teko (name in Mexico), called by native speakers, (also known as Tectiteco, Teco, Kʼontiʼl, Qyool, among others) is a Mayan language classified under the Mamean branch, spoken by the Teko people of Chiapas, Mexico and southern Huehuetenango Department, Guatemala. It is very closely related to the Mam language. A number of Tektitek speakers from Huehuetenango have settled in Mexico. Due to the close proximity of Huehuetenango to the Mexican border the speakers of the language have appropriated aspects of Mexican Spanish into the language. While 4,900 speakers were recorded in 2010 by Ethnologue, Juventino de Jesus Perez Alonzo estimated that there were just 2,000 speakers of the language left at that time. He noted however, that measures are being taken to teach the children in Huehuetenango the Tekitek language. According to the Endangered Languages Project, the language is currently threatened. Little is known about the culture, but there are re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sipakapa Language
Sipakapense is a Mayan language, closely related to Kʼicheʼ spoken natively within indigenous Sipakapense communities in Western Guatemala. It is primarily based in the municipality of Sipacapa Sipacapa is a municipality in the San Marcos department, situated in the Western highlands of Guatemala. Sipacapa's population of around 14,000 is spread among 14 village communities, scattered over mountainous terrain. Sipacapa is considered a l ... in the department of San Marcos. Phonology Consonants Vowels References Agglutinative languages Languages of Guatemala Mayan languages Indigenous languages of Central America Mesoamerican languages {{Mayan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakapultek Language
Sakapultek or Sacapulteco is a Mayan language very closely related to Kʼicheʼ (Quiché). It is spoken by approximately people in Sacapulas, El Quiché department and in Guatemala City Guatemala City (, also known colloquially by the nickname Guate), is the Capital city, national capital and largest city of the Guatemala, Republic of Guatemala. It is also the Municipalities of Guatemala, municipal capital of the Guatemala Depa .... Phonology Consonants * Plain voiceless stops are aspirated ʰin syllable-final position. * /ɓ/ is heard as an ejective ʼor a voiceless implosive �̥when before consonants, or in syllable-final or word-final positions. * /qʼ/ may also be heard as an implosive �̥in free variation. Vowels References External links The John William Dubois Collection Of Sacapultec Sound Recordingsat the Survey of California and Other Indian LanguagesCollections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Agglutinative l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qʼeqchiʼ Language
The Qʼeqchiʼ language, also spelled Kekchi, Kʼekchiʼ, or Kekchí, is one of the Mayan languages from the Quichean languages, Quichean branch, spoken within Qʼeqchiʼ people, Qʼeqchiʼ communities in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. Distribution The area where Qʼeqchiʼ is spoken spreads across northern Guatemala into southern Belize. There are also Qʼeqchiʼ speaking communities in Mexico. In Mexico, Q'eqchi' is spoken in the states of Campeche, Quintana Roo and Chiapas, mainly in the communities of Quetzal-Etzná and Los Laureles, in the Campeche Municipality and in Maya Tecun II and Santo Domingo Kesté in the Champotón Municipality, state of Campeche. It was calculated that the core of the Qʼeqchiʼ-speaking area in northern Guatemala extends over 24,662 square kilometers (about 9,522 square miles). The Department (country subdivision), departments and specific municipalities where Qʼeqchiʼ is regularly spoken in Guatemala include: In the country of Belize, Qʼeqchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qʼanjobʼal Language
Qʼanjobʼal () (also Kanjobal) is a Mayan language from the Q'anjobalan branch spoken primarily in Guatemala and part of Mexico. According to 1998 estimates compiled by SIL International in ''Ethnologue'', there were approximately 77,700 native speakers, primarily in the Huehuetenango Department of Guatemala. In Chiapas, Mexico, municipalities where the Qʼanjobʼal language is spoken include Catazajá, Amatenango de la Frontera, La Trinitaria, Bella Vista, Frontera Comalapa, Las Margaritas and Maravilla Tenejapa. In Huehuetenango, the municipalities where the language is spoken are San Juan Ixcoy (''Yich Kʼox''), San Pedro Soloma (''Tzʼulumaʼ ''), Santa Eulalia (''Jolom Konobʼ ''), Santa Cruz Barillas (''Yalmotx''), San Rafael La Independencia, and San Miguel Acatán (Pedro Mateo Pedro 2010). Qʼanjobʼal is taught in public schools through Guatemala's intercultural bilingual education programs. Classification Qʼanjobʼal is a member of the Qʼanjobʼalan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poqomchiʼ Language
Poqomchiʼ (Pokomchi: ''Poqomchiiʼ'') is a Mayan language spoken by the Poqomchiʼ Maya of Guatemala, and is very closely related to Poqomam. Its two main dialects, eastern and western, were spoken by 90,000 or so people in the year 2000, in Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, and in the following municipalities of Alta Verapaz: Santa Cruz Verapaz, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Tactic, Tamahú and Tucurú. It is also the predominant language in Aldea Belejú, in the municipality of Chicamán (El Quiché), which borders Alta Verapaz. Distribution Poq'omchí is spoken in the following municipalities of Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, and El Quiché EL, El or el may refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional entities * El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit * Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things'' * El, fami ... departments (''Variación Dialectal en Poqom, 2000''). *Alta Verapaz **Panzós (in the communit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poqomam Language
Poqomam is a Mayan language, closely related to Poqomchiʼ. It is spoken by 50,000 or so people in several small pockets in Guatemala, the largest of which is in Jalapa department. Distribution Poqomam is spoken in the following municipalities of Escuintla, Jalapa, and Guatemala departments (''Variación Dialectal en Poqom, 2000''). *Guatemala ** Chinautla ** Mixco * Jalapa ** San Luis Jilotepeque ** San Pedro Pinula ** San Carlos Alzatate * Escuintla ** Palín Phonology Consonants * Sounds /k, kʼ/ can be palatalized as ʲ, kʲʼin different environments. * /ɓ/ can also occur freely as ʼor ʼin certain environments. * Stop sounds /p, t, k, q/ can be aspirated as ʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰwhen in syllable-final position or before a consonant. * Sounds /l, r, w, j/ are devoiced as ̥, r̥, w̥, j̊in word-final position. * /n/ is heard as �when before velar consonants. Vowels Linguistic Format In the journal Natural Language & Linguistic Theory it is noted that i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mopan Language
Mopan (or Mopan Maya) is a language that belongs to the Yucatecan branch of the Mayan languages. It is spoken by the Mopan people who live in the Petén Department of Guatemala and in the Maya Mountains region of Belize. There are between three and four thousand Mopan speakers in Guatemala and six to eight thousand in Belize. The other Yucatecan languages are Yucatec, Lacandon, and Itzaʼ. Mopan began to diverge from the other Yucatecan languages at least one thousand years ago. Distribution Towns where Mopan is prominently spoken include San Luis, Poptún, Melchor de Mencos, and Dolores in Guatemala, as well as San Antonio in the Toledo District of Belize. Phonology Consonants The following are the consonant sounds used by the Mopan Maya language (written with the International Phonetic Alphabet): In addition, some sources list (the velar nasal) as a consonant sound in Mopan Maya. Vowels The following are the vowel sounds of the Mopan Maya language: Orthograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |