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Gournier Cave
The Gournier Cave is located near Choranche in the Vercors Massif in south-eastern France. The entrance is at an altitude of at the base of a cliff on the Presles plateau. It is one of the exsurgences (points at which an underground stream reaches the surface if stream has no known surface headwaters) of the Coulmes massif, and the cave is considered by many speleologists to be the most beautiful underground river in the Alps. Exploration In 1899 Decombaz visited the entrance lake by boat. In 1947, a climb over the lake by Jean Deudon gave access to a fossil gallery, which was explored by a team including André Bourgin for nearly , when two access points were discovered to the underlying river. The same team were stopped by a waterfall in 1949. The latter was climbed in 1952 by Pierre Chevalier, and the river was followed to a large chamber. In the 1960s, the Spéléo Club de la Seine found the way on, but were eventually stopped by a sump at a height of +. March 1973, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choranche
Choranche (; oc, Chaurança) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. Famous is . The grottoes were discovered end the 19th Century and hide a unique sight of fine stalactites. Population See also *Communes of the Isère department *Parc naturel régional du Vercors The Vercors Regional Natural Park (French: ''Parc naturel régional du Vercors'') is a protected area of forested mountains in the Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. Geography Set upon a limestone plateau south of Grenoble, the park ext ... References Communes of Isère {{Isère-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urgonian Limestone
The Urgonian Limestone is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. Some parts of the limestone have undergone metamorphism to produce ductile folds next to faults. See also * List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France See also * Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France * * France France geography-related lists ... References External links * Geologic formations of France Jurassic France Limestone formations {{Cretaceous-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone Caves
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for lime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves In France
The following article shows a List of caves in France: Caves * Bédeilhac cave * Bétharram caves * Bournillon cave, the highest cave opening in Europe. Part of the Vercors Cave System * Bruniquel Cave, an archaeological site dated at 176,000 years with stalagmite rings constructed by Neanderthal men * , near Carcassonne (city) * Chauvet Cave, and its replica (for protection) Pont-d'Arc cave * Cosquer Cave, only sub-marine access), (its replica is in construction). * Font-de-Gaume cave, near Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil * , * Gargas caves * , near Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil * Savonnières caves * St-Médard-de-Presque cave * Grotte des Demoiselles, near Nîmes * , near Nice (city) * Jean Bernard cave system, in competition as world's deepest cave * Grotte des Fées cave * La Mansonnière cave, one of the longest chalk caves * , near Alès (city) * La Verna cave, part of the * Lascaux Cave * Les Combarelles cave * Lombrives caves, this cave network is one of the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gouffre Mirolda
Gouffre Mirolda is a karstic cave located in the :fr:Haut-Giffre, Haut-Giffre. mountain range, in the commune of Samoëns, Haute-Savoie, France. It is connected to the Lucien Bouclier cave system, and has a depth of . Exploration The cave was discovered in 1971 by Marc Degrinis, a shepherd. In 1972, the AVEN group in Lyon widened the entrance, and explored to a depth of to an impenetrable meander. In 1976, an upper entrance, the VF3, at , was discovered by the Villefranche Caving Club (EESV) and explored as far as the base of the first shaft on a narrow slope. The Gouffre Mirolda (CD11) was reinvestigated in 1980 by SC Lyon. With the help of the GS Cavernicole and the SC du Chablais, a depth of was reached. In 1981, the river was explored down to . Reinforced by the SS Genève and the Thonon Tauping Club, fossil galleries and upstream tunnels enabled the network to reach a height difference of in 1988. The unblocking of the Gouffre VF3 gave access to the system named after Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rimstone
Rimstone, also called gours, is a type of speleothem (cave formation) in the form of a stone dam. Rimstone is made up of calcite and other minerals that build up in cave pools. The formation created, which looks like stairs, often extends into flowstone above or below the original rimstone. Often, rimstone is covered with small, micro-gours on horizontal surfaces. Rimstone basins may form terraces that extend over hundreds of feet, with single basins known up to 200 feet long from Tham Xe Biang Fai in Laos. Formation Rimstone dams form where there is some gradient, and hence flow, over the edge of a pool. Crystallization begins to occur at the air/water/ rock interface. The turbulence caused by flow over the edge of the building dam may contribute to the outgassing or loss of carbon dioxide from water, and result in precipitation of mineral on this edge. When dams form under running water, they tend to be higher when the passage is steeper. Shallow-gradient dams tend to be lower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Würm
The Würm is a river in Bavaria, Germany, right tributary of the Amper. The length of the river is , or including the ''Steinbach'', the main feed of Lake Starnberg. It drains the overflow from Lake Starnberg and flows swiftly through the villages of Gauting, Krailling, Planegg, Gräfelfing and Lochham as well as part of Munich (in the borough of Pasing) before joining, near Dachau, the Amper, which soon afterwards flows into the Isar and eventually flowing into the Danube. Although the Würm is not a very large river, it is well known as it gave its name to the Würm glaciation. A small man-made channel extracts water from the river at Pasing to feed the water features at Nymphenburg Palace, before flowing on to join the Isar at the public park Englischer Garten in Munich. See also *List of rivers of Bavaria A list of rivers of Bavaria, Germany: A * Aalbach * Abens * Ach *Afferbach * Affinger Bach *Ailsbach * Aisch * Aiterach * Alpbach * Alster * Altmühl * Alz * Amper *A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riss Glaciation
The Riss glaciation, Riss Glaciation, Riss ice age, Riss Ice Age, Riss glacial or Riss Glacial (german: Riß-Kaltzeit, ', ' or (obsolete) ') is the second youngest glaciation of the Pleistocene epoch in the traditional, quadripartite glacial classification of the Alps. The literature variously dates it to between about 300,000 to 130,000 years ago and 347,000 to 128,000 years ago. It coincides with the glaciation of North Germany. The name goes back to and who named this cold period after the river in Upper Swabia in their three-volume work ' ("The Alps in the Ice Age") published between 1901 and 1909. Boundaries and division The Riss glaciation was defined by Penck and Brückner as the Lower (''Niedere'') or Younger Old Moraines and Old Terminal Moraines High Terraces (''Jüngere Altmoränen und Alt-Endmoränen-Hochterrassen''). The type locality lies near Biberach an der Riß where the end of the northeastern Rhine Glacier stood. Results gained from over a century of resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Age
An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and greenhouse periods, during which there are no glaciers on the planet. Earth is currently in the Quaternary glaciation. Individual pulses of cold climate within an ice age are termed '' glacial periods'' (or, alternatively, ''glacials, glaciations, glacial stages, stadials, stades'', or colloquially, ''ice ages''), and intermittent warm periods within an ice age are called ''interglacials'' or ''interstadials''. In glaciology, ''ice age'' implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres. By this definition, Earth is currently in an interglacial period—the Holocene. The amount of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emitted into Earth's oceans and atmosphere is predicted to prevent the next glacial period for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58See the 2014 version of the ICS geologic time scale million years ago. It is the second and most recent epoch of the Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauterivian
The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous Epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 132.9 ± 2 Ma and 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Hauterivian is preceded by the Valanginian and succeeded by the Barremian.See Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) for a detailed geologic timescale Stratigraphic definitions The Hauterivian was introduced in scientific literature by Swiss geologist Eugène Renevier in 1873. It is named after the Swiss town of Hauterive at the shore of Lake Neuchâtel. The base of the Hauterivian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column where the ammonite genus '' Acanthodiscus'' first appears. A reference profile for the base (a GSSP) was officially ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in December of 2019, and is placed in La Charce, France. The top of the Hauterivian (the base of the Barremian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species ''Spitidis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalagmite
A stalagmite (, ; from the Greek , from , "dropping, trickling") is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings. Stalagmites are typically composed of calcium carbonate, but may consist of lava, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats). The corresponding formation hanging down from the ceiling of a cave is a stalactite. Mnemonics have been developed for which word refers to which type of formation; one is that ''stalactite'' has a C for "ceiling", and ''stalagmite'' has a G for "ground", another is that, as with ants in the pants, the mites go up and the tights (tites) come down. Formation and type Limestone stalagmites The most common stalagmites are speleothems, which usually form in limestone caves. Stalagmite formation occurs only under certain pH conditions within the cavern. They form through deposition of calcium carb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
