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Geledi Sultan
The Geledi are a Somali clan that live predominantly in the environs of Afgooye city. They are a sub-clan of the Rahanweyn and led the Geledi sultanate during the late 17th to early 20th century. They are divided into two main lineage groups: the Tolweyne and the Yabadhaale. History Origins The nobles within the Geledi claim descent from Omar al-Din ( Abadir) who arrived from Harar. He had 3 other brothers, Fakhr and with 2 others of whom their names are given differently as Shams, Umudi, Alahi and Ahmed. Together they were known as ''Afarta Timid'' , 'the 4 who came', indicating their origins from Arabia. However the Geledi people like the other Rahanweyn are of true Somali stock and like the Darod and Isaaq claiming Arab lineage was a phenomenon. Aw Kalafow a descendant of Omar is stated to be the first to use the title ''Garad''. Ajuran Sultanate The Geledi and their Wacdaan allies were under the rule of the Ajuran client Silcis. The grandfather of Ibrahim Adeer was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Somalia
The flag of Somalia ( so, Calanka Soomaaliyeed, ar, علم الصومال), also known as the Somali flag, was adopted on October 12, 1954, and was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban. The flag was initially used within the Trust Territory of Somaliland before being adopted by the short-lived State of Somaliland and the Somali Republic. It is an ethnic flag for the Somali people; the flag's five-pointed star represents the five regions in which Somalis reside. History Beginning in the mid-19th century, areas in the Horn of Africa populated by Somalis were divided among Ethiopia, France, Britain, and Italy. The flag of Somalia was created in 1954 for the transitional trusteeship period of the nation's history. It was personally designed by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, who was from the northern eastern side of Somalia after being selected to come up with a design in preparation for independence.Maria Costantino, The Illustrated Flag Handbook, (Gramercy Books: 2001), p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garad
Garad ( Harari: ገራድ, , , Oromo: ''Garaada'') is a term used to refer to a clan leader or regional administrator. It was used primarily by Muslims in the Horn of Africa that were associated with Islamic states, most notably the Adal Sultanate. Etymology The origin of the term ''Garad'' is uncertain. According to Enrico Cerulli, Garad originates from the era of the Adal emirate. Garad denotes a headman within a ''"Gaar"'' (clan). In the Somali language ''Garad'' roughly translates to "chief" or "wise man", as well as "wisdom". Garad also denotes a ''"chief"'' in Harari and Silt'e languages respectively. History Several Muslim states and dominions including Hadiya Sultanate, Sultanate of Darfur, Ganz province, Harla and Somali Sultanate leaders were known as Garads. Within Somali clans the use of the traditional hereditary title ''"Garad"'' is most widespread among the Dhulbahante and Karanle and was also used by the Habr Awal up until the 1940s. According to tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim
Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim ( so, Yuusuf Maxamuud Ibrahiim, ar, يوسف محمود ابراهيم) was a Somali ruler. He was the third and most powerful Sultan of the Geledi sultanate, reigning from 1798 to 1848. Under the reign of Sultan Yusuf, his kingdom entered its apex, he managed to modernize his economy and his kingdom quickly became one of the wealthiest states in East Africa. Yusuf frequently toured the sultanate and built rapport with his many clients and allies. He successfully consolidated Geledi power during conquest of Bardera and expelling extremist ideology from his region. It was under his rule he manage to establish many trading partners and allies such as the Sultanate of Witu. He also exacted tribute from Sultan Said of the Omani Empire starting from 1843. History Early life Yusuf was the son of Sultan Mahamud Ibrahim and as a youth was sent to Barawa to study Islam. Barawa was a renowned hub of the Qadiriyya sufi tariqa in East Africa and it was traditional p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahamud Ibrahim
Mahamud Ibrahim Adeer ( so, Maxamuud Ibrahiim Adeer, ar, محمود ابراهيم) sometimes referred to as '' Aw Maxamuud'' was a Somali ruler. He was the second Sultan of the Sultanate of the Geledi. He defeated early challengers to the new Sultanate and incorporated some Rahanweyn and Hawiye subclans under Geledi rule. History Early life Mahamud was the son of the first Geledi Sultan Ibrahim Adeer. He received religious education and was conferred the honorific ''Aw'' or Sheikh, signifying his status as a learned individual. Reign His rule marked the consolidation of the newly formed Geledi Sultanate. Echoing the battles his father fought in the decades prior it was under Mahamud's reign that the Geledi would defeat a Silcis and Gorgarte Hawiye resurgence that threatened to bring back their oppressive rule. As well, the powerful Hintire and Hubeer clans united against the Geledi but were defeated and enveloped into the Sultanate.Historical Dictionary of Somalia By Mohamed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabelle
The Shebelle River ( so, Webi Shabeelle, ar, نهر شبيلي, am, እደላ) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. Below Mogadishu, the river becomes seasonal. During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the Somali Sea. The Shebelle river's name is derived from the Somali term ''Webi Shabeelle'', meaning "Leopard River". The Somali administrative regions consisting of Middle Shebelle and Lower Shabeelle are also named after the river. Tributaries The Shebelle has a number of tributaries, both seasonal and permanent rivers. They include: * Erer River * Galetti River * Wabe River The Fafen only reaches the Shebelle in times of heavy rainfall; its stream usually ends before reaching the main river. History Ajuran Empire During th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jubba
Thawb ( ar, ثَوْب "garment"), also spelled thobe or tobe and known by various other names in different regions, is an ankle-length robe, usually with long sleeves. It is commonly worn in the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, North Africa, and other neighbouring Arab countries, and some countries in East and West Africa. Etymology The word ''thawb'' (ثَوْب) is the Arabic word for "garment". It is also romanized as ''thobe'' or ''thaub''. Prevalence and regional differences in names and use by gender Middle East and North Africa The ''thawb'' is commonly worn by men in the Arabian Peninsula. It is normally made of cotton, but heavier materials such as sheep's wool can also be used, especially in colder climates in Iraq and Syria. The style of the thawb varies slightly among the various regions in the area. The sleeves and the collar can be stiffened to give a more formal appearance. Other names may be used for this garment. In Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant, and Oman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banaadir
Banaadir ( so, Banaadir, ar, بنادر, it, Benadir) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in southeastern Somalia. It covers the same area as the city of Mogadishu, which serves as the capital. It is bordered to the northwest by the Shabelle river, and to the southeast by the Indian Ocean. Although by far the smallest administrative region in Somalia, it has the largest population, estimated at 1,650,227 (including 369,288 internally displaced persons) in 2014. The territorial extent and scope of the term ''Benadir'' has varied in definition throughout its history, with medieval usage extending Benadir to huge swaths of coast adjacent to Mogadishu stretching as far as hundreds of miles. The early modern period which extended the meaning of ''Benadir'' to the interior midway towards the Hirshabelle region, to the contemporary period wherein sometimes the nonstandard misnomer of usage being interchangeable with the city of Mogadishu. This Banaadir municipality is bordered to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horn Of Africa
The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), p. 26 Located on the easternmost part of the African mainland, it is the fourth largest peninsula in the world. It is composed of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti; broader definitions also include parts or all of Kenya, Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda. The term Greater Horn Region (GHR) can additionally include Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania. It lies along the southern boundary of the Red Sea and extends hundreds of kilometres into the Guardafui Channel, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean and shares a maritime border with the Arabian Peninsula of Western Asia. Names This peninsula has been known by various names. Ancient Greeks and Romans referred to it as Regio Aromatica or Regio Cinnamonifora due to the aromatic plants or as Regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geledi Sultanate
The Sultanate of the Geledi ( so, Saldanadda Geledi, ar, سلطنة غلدي) also known as the Gobroon Dynasty Somali Sultanate: The Geledi City-state Over 150 Years - Virginia Luling (2002) Page 229 was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the late-17th century and 19th century. The Sultanate was governed by the Gobroon dynasty. It was established by the Geledi soldier Ibrahim Adeer, who had defeated various vassals of the Ajuran Sultanate and elevated the Gobroon to wield significant political power. Following Mahamud Ibrahim's consolidation, the dynasty reached its apex under Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, who successfully modernized the Geledi economy and eliminated regional threats with the Conquest of Bardera in 1843, and would go on to receive tribute from Said bin Sultan the ruler of the Omani Empire. Geledi Sultans had strong regional ties and built alliances with the Pate and Witu Sultanates on the Swahili coast. Trade and Geledi power would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geledi Sultan
The Geledi are a Somali clan that live predominantly in the environs of Afgooye city. They are a sub-clan of the Rahanweyn and led the Geledi sultanate during the late 17th to early 20th century. They are divided into two main lineage groups: the Tolweyne and the Yabadhaale. History Origins The nobles within the Geledi claim descent from Omar al-Din ( Abadir) who arrived from Harar. He had 3 other brothers, Fakhr and with 2 others of whom their names are given differently as Shams, Umudi, Alahi and Ahmed. Together they were known as ''Afarta Timid'' , 'the 4 who came', indicating their origins from Arabia. However the Geledi people like the other Rahanweyn are of true Somali stock and like the Darod and Isaaq claiming Arab lineage was a phenomenon. Aw Kalafow a descendant of Omar is stated to be the first to use the title ''Garad''. Ajuran Sultanate The Geledi and their Wacdaan allies were under the rule of the Ajuran client Silcis. The grandfather of Ibrahim Adeer was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiraab Imamate
The Hiraab Imamate ( so, Saldanadda Hiraab) also known as the Yacquubi Dynasty was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the late 17th century and 19th century until it was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. The Imamate was governed by the Yacquub Dynasty. It was founded by Imam Omar who successfully rebelled and defeated the Ajuran and established an independent kingdom. History Establishment The Hiraab Imamate was the successor state of the Ajuran Sultanate. The reason for their rebellion was the Ajuran rulers, in the end, became extremely prideful, neglected the sharia, and imposed a heavy taxation on their subjects which was the main reason for the rebellion. The first clan(qabbil) to ever challenge the Ajuuraan rulers was the Darandoolle clan a section of Hiraab. ''The Ajuuraan had decreed: “At the wells in our territory, the people known as Darandoolle and the other Hiraab cannot water their herds by day, but only at night.” … Then all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo People
The Oromo (pron. Oromo: ''Oromoo'') are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya, who speak the Oromo language (also called ''Afaan Oromoo'' or ''Oromiffa''), which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia and represent a large portion of Ethiopia's population. The Oromo people traditionally used the '' gadaa'' system as the primary form of governance.Harold G. MarcuA History of Ethiopia University of California Press (1994) pp. 55 Google Books A leader is elected by the ''gadaa'' system and their term lasts eight years, with an election taking place at the end of those eight years. Although most modern Oromos are Muslims and Christians, about 3% practice Waaqeffanna, the native ancient monotheistic religion of Oromos. Origins and nomenclature The Oromo people are one of the oldest cushitic peoples inhabiting the Horn of Africa, as there is still no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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