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Felix Haurowitz
Felix Michael Haurowitz (March 1, 1896, Prague – December 2, 1987, Bloomington, Indiana) was a Czech-American physician and biochemist. Biography Haurowitz spoke German as his native language but also spoke fluent Czech from early childhood. During his secondary education in a ''Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium'' in Prague, he also took private lessons in English, French, and Italian. In November 1915 he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army and assigned to an Austrian artillery unit. Based upon his outstanding performance in an officers' school in Hungary, he was given command of an artillery battalion. In April 1918 he was granted leave to enroll in the medical school of the German University in Prague (which is now Charles University). There he worked under the supervision of the hemoglobin chemist Richard von Zeynek (1869–1945) and Hedwig Langecker. Haurowitz spent a semester at the University of Wurzburg, where he met the protein chemist Franz Hofmeister. In Prague, Hauro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its Prague metropolitan area, metropolitan area is home to approximately 2.3 million people. Prague is a historical city with Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, Czech Gothic architecture, Gothic, Czech Renaissance architecture, Renaissance and Czech Baroque architecture, Baroque architecture. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611). It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austria-Hungary. The city played major roles in the Bohemian Reformation, Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner (; 14 June 1868 – 26 June 1943) was an Austrian-American biologist, physician, and immunologist. He emigrated with his family to New York in 1923 at the age of 55 for professional opportunities, working for the Rockefeller Institute. He had distinguished the main blood groups in 1901, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood. In 1937, with Alexander S. Wiener, he identified the Rhesus factor, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient's life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus in 1909. He received the Aronson Prize in 1926. In 1930, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was posthumously awarded the Lasker Award in 1946, and has been described as the father of transfusion medicine. Early life and education He was born into a Jewish family. His father Leopold Landste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international Coalition#Military, military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers. Its principal members were the "Four Policemen, Big Four" – the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and Republic of China (1912–1949), China. Membership in the Allies varied during the course of the war. When the conflict broke out on 1 September 1939, the Allied coalition consisted of the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Second Polish Republic, Poland, as well as their respective Dependent territory, dependencies, such as British Raj, British India. They were joined by the independent dominions of the British Commonwealth: Canada, Australia, Dominion of New Zealand, New Zealand and Union of South Africa, South Africa. Consequently, the initial alliance resembled Allies of World War I, that of the First World War. As Axis forces began German invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul University
Istanbul University, also known as University of Istanbul (), is a Public university, public research university located in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mehmed II on May 30, 1453, a day after Fall of Constantinople, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks, it was reformed as the first Education in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman higher education institution influenced by Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, European approaches. The successor institution, which has been operating under its current name since 1933, is the first university in modern Turkey. The university has 58,809 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students studying in 112 academic units, including faculties, institutes, colleges, and vocational schools at 9 campuses. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city. :Istanbul University alumni, Istanbul University alumni include Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Aziz Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudetenland
The Sudetenland ( , ; Czech and ) is a German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans. These German speakers had predominated in the border districts of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia since the Middle Ages. The word "Sudetenland" did not come into being until the early part of the 20th century and did not come to prominence until almost two decades into the century, after World War I, when Austria-Hungary disintegrated and the Sudeten Germans found themselves living in the new country of Czechoslovakia. The ''Sudeten crisis'' of 1938 was provoked by the Pan-Germanist demands of Nazi Germany that the Sudetenland be annexed to Germany, which happened after the later Munich Agreement. Part of the borderland was invaded and annexed by Poland. Afterwards, the formerly unrecognized Sudetenland became an administrative division of Germany. When Czechoslovakia was reconstituted after World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, French Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy. The agreement provided for the Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945), German annexation of part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland, where 3 million people, mainly Sudeten Germans, ethnic Germans, lived. The pact is known in some areas as the Munich Betrayal (; ), because of a previous 1924 alliance agreement and a 1925 military pact between France and the Czechoslovak Republic. Germany had started a Sudetendeutsches Freikorps#Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War, low-intensity undeclared war on Czechoslovakia on 17 September 1938. In reaction, Britain and France on 20 September formally requested Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland territory to Germany. This was followed by Polish and Hungarian territorial demands brought on 21 and 22 September, respectively. Meanwhile, German forces conquered part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlsberg Laboratory
The Carlsberg Research Laboratory is a private scientific research center in Copenhagen, Denmark under the Carlsberg Foundation. It was founded in 1875 by J. C. Jacobsen, the founder of the Carlsberg brewery, with the purpose of advancing biochemical knowledge, especially relating to brewing. It featured a Department of Chemistry and a Department of Physiology. In 1972, the laboratory was renamed the Carlsberg Research Center and was transferred to the brewery. Overview The Carlsberg Laboratory was known for isolating ''Saccharomyces carlsbergensis'', the species of yeast responsible for lager beer, lager Fermentation (food), fermentation, as well as introducing the concept of pH in acid-base chemistry. The Danes, Danish chemist Soren Peder Lauritz Sorensen, Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen introduced the concept of pH, a scale for measuring acidity and basicity of Chemical substance, substances. While working at the Carlsberg Laboratory, he studied the effect of ion concentration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linus Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling ( ; February 28, 1901August 19, 1994) was an American chemist and peace activist. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics. ''New Scientist'' called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time. For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. For his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. He is one of five people to have Nobel Prize#Multiple laureates, won more than one Nobel Prize. Of these, he is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes, and one of two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Marie Curie. Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology. His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the first accurate scale of electronegativity, electronegativities of the elements. Pauling also wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Whiteman Carlton Topley
William Whiteman Carlton Topley FRS (19 January 1886 – 21 January 1944) was a British bacteriologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1930. He gave the Goulstonian Lectures in 1919 and the Milroy Lectures in 1926. Awarded the Royal Medal The Royal Medal, also known as The Queen's Medal and The King's Medal (depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award), is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society. Two are given for "the mo ... in 1942. References External links *http://mansfield.osu.edu/~sabedon/bgnws026.pdf 1886 births 1944 deaths Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge Fellows of the Royal Society Royal Medal winners {{UK-biologist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stuart Mudd
Stuart Mudd (September 23, 1893, St. Louis, Missouri – March 6, 1975, Haverford, Pennsylvania) was an American physician and professor of microbiology. In 1945 he was the president of the American Society for Microbiology. Early life His father was the surgeon Harvey Gilmer Mudd (1857–1933). Stuart Mudd graduated in 1916 with a B.S. in biology from Princeton University and in 1918 with an A.M. from Washington University in St. Louis. At Harvard Medical School he graduated with an M.D. in 1920 and held a research fellowship in biophysics from 1920 to 1923. Career He was from 1923 to 1925 an associate at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. At the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), he was from 1925 to 1931 an associate in pathology at UPenn's Henry Phipps Institute, as well as an associate and assistant professor of experimental pathology at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School (UPenn Medical School, now named the Perelman School of Medicine at the Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerome Alexander (chemist)
Jerome Alexander (1876–1959) was an American chemist, a leading expert on colloidal chemistry and among the first American researchers to use an ultramicroscope. Life Alexander was born in New York City on 21 December 1876 and studied at the College of the City of New York, graduating Master of Science in 1899. After working for a number of companies, in 1921 he set up independently as a consulting chemist and chemical engineer. Alexander died on 18 January 1959. The archive of his correspondence is held by the New York Public Library. Publications As author ;Books * ''Colloid Chemistry: An Introduction, with Some Practical Applications'' (1919) * with others, ''Colloid Chemistry, Theoretical and Applied'' (1926) ;Articles * "Glue and Gelatin" and "Colloid Chemistry" in Roger's ''Industrial Chemistry'' (1912) * "Albuminoids or Scleroproteins" in Allen's ''Commercial Organic Analysis'' (1913) * "Colloid Chemistry" in Liddell's ''Handbook for Chemical Engineers'' (1920) As tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
