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Experimental Hallucinogens
This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently under formal development for clinical use but are not yet approved. ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.'' The list also includes non-hallucinogenic drugs related to hallucinogens, such as non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and non-hallucinogenic ketamine analogues. Cannabinoids, or cannabinoid receptor modulators, are not included in this list. Many of the indications are not for continuous medication therapy but rather are for medication-assisted psychotherapy or short-term use only. The section that the drug is in corresponds to its highest developmental phase, not its phase for all listed indications. This list was last comprehensively updated in October 2024. It is likely to become outdated with time. Under development Preregistration * Midomafetamine (MDMA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes. Examples of hallucinogens include psychedelics or serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT; dissociatives or NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine, PCP, DXM, and nitrous oxide; deliriants or antimuscarinics like scopolamine and diphenhydramine; cannabinoids or cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists like THC, nabilone, and JWH-018; κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A and pentazocine; GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and gaboxadol; and oneirogens like ibogaine and harmaline, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MindMed
Mind Medicine (MindMed) Inc., doing business as MindMed, is a New York-based biotechnology company that is currently developing clinical and therapeutic applications for psychedelic and, more broadly, psychoplastogenic drugs. History MindMed was founded in May 2019 by Stephen Hurst and Jamon Rahn. MindMed initially focused on developing treatments for opioid withdrawal and opioid use disorder with 18-MC, a non-hallucinogenic molecule based on the psychoactive alkaloid ibogaine. In June 2019, it acquired the 18-MC drug development program, previously funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in September began to prepare 18-MC for a Phase I FDA clinical trial to enable further clinical trials targeting opioid withdrawal and opioid use disorder. MindMed was the first psychedelic pharmaceutical company to go public, listing on the Canadian NEO Exchange in March of 2020 through a reverse takeover with the Canadian gold mining company Broadway Gold Mining. It began tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolonged-release
Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release R, XR, XLdosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).Pharmaceutics: Drug Delivery and Targeting p. 7-13 Sustained-release dosage forms are s designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esketamine
Esketamine, sold under the brand names Spravato (for depression (mood), depression) and Ketanest (for anesthesia) among others, is the ''S''(+) enantiomer of ketamine. It is a dissociative hallucinogen drug used as a general anesthetic and as an antidepressant for treatment of depression (mood), depression. Esketamine is the biological activity, active enantiomer of ketamine in terms of NMDA receptor antagonist, NMDA receptor antagonism and is more potency (pharmacology), potent than racemic ketamine. It is specifically used as a therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and for major depressive disorder (MDD) with co-occurring suicidal ideation or Suicide, behavior. Its efficacy for depression is modest and similar to that of other antidepressants. Esketamine is not used by Intravenous therapy, infusion into a vein for depression as it is only Food and Drug Administration, FDA-approved in the form of a nasal spray under direct medical supervision for this indication (th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family that natural product, occurs naturally in many plants and animals, including humans. DMT is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. DMT has a rapid onset of action, onset, intense effects, and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the "businessman's trip" during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled or injected and its effects depend on the dose, as well as the mode of administration. When inhaled or injected, the effects last about five to fifteen minutes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CYB004
CYB004, or CYB-004, also known as deuterated dimethyltryptamine (dDMT), is a serotonergic psychedelic related to dimethyltryptamine (DMT) which is under development for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. It is administered by inhalation or intravenous injection. It is a tryptamine derivative and is a deuterated analogue and form of DMT. The pharmacodynamic profile of CYB004, including its interactions with serotonin receptors and its effects in animals, is similar to that of DMT. As with DMT, CYB004 is a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. However, CYB004, due to its deuteration, is more resistant to metabolism than DMT and shows a longer elimination half-life (by 2.5- to 2.9-fold) and slower clearance (by 38 to 55%) in animals. The brain to plasma ratio of CYB004 was also increased (by 30%) relative to DMT, indicating slightly greater central permeability as well. As of August 2024, CYB004 is in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretisilocin
Bretisilocin, also known by its developmental code name GM-2505 and as 5-fluoro-''N''-methyl-''N''-ethyltryptamine (5F-MET or 5-fluoro-MET), is a serotonergic psychedelic of the tryptamine family which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is an analogue of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and is the 5-fluorinated derivative of methylethyltryptamine (MET). Bretisilocin's route of administration is intravenous infusion. The drug acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, and serotonin releasing agent. It produces psychedelic-like effects in animals and similarly produces robust hallucinogenic effects in humans. The duration of bretisilocin is 60 to 90minutes and is intermediate between the durations of DMT and psilocybin. It has been regarded by its developer as an improvement of DMT. Bretisilocin is under development by Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals. As of March 2024, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals
Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company that is developing psychedelic and related drugs as medicines. It is a "discovery stage" company and is focused on developing new chemical entities. Its drug candidates include the ketamine-related NMDA receptor antagonist blixeprodil (GM-1020; (''R'')-4-fluorodeschloroketamine or (''R'')-4-FDCK), the dimethyltryptamine (DMT)-related serotonergic psychedelic bretisilocin (GM-2505; 5-fluoro-''N''-methyl-''N''-ethyltryptamine or 5F-MET), the noribogaine-related κ-opioid receptor agonist GM-3009, and the non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen GM-5022. Another potential candidate is GM-2040, a putatively non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist. The company was co-founded by Jonathan Sporn, Jeff Witkin, Dalibor Sames, Andrew Kruegel, and Mike Cunningham. Cunningham is a research scientist at Gilgamesh. Sames, Kruegel, and Cunningham have worked together at Sames's lab at Columbia University. In May 2024, AbbVie mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blixeprodil
Blixeprodil,https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/380497/9789240107038-eng.pdf "blixeprodilum blixeprodil (2R)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist" also known by its developmental code name GM-1020 or as (''R'')-4-fluorodeschloroketamine ((''R'')-4-FDCK), is an NMDA receptor antagonist related to ketamine which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, and other depressive disorders. It is taken by mouth. The drug is orally active, in contrast to the poor oral bioavailability of ketamine. Its oral bioavailability is >60%. The time to peak levels of blixeprodil is 1.5hours and its elimination half-life is 4.3hours. Blixeprodil shows antidepressant-like effects in rodents. It appears to have a greater separation between antidepressant-like and ataxia-inducing doses than ketamine in rodents and hence might have better tolerability. Whereas ketamine shows only 3-fold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arketamine
Arketamine (developmental code names PCN-101, HR-071603), also known as (''R'')-ketamine or (''R'')-(−)-ketamine, is the (''R'')-(−) enantiomer of ketamine. Similarly to racemic ketamine and esketamine, the ''S''(+) enantiomer of ketamine, arketamine is biologically active; however, it is less potent as an NMDA receptor antagonist and anesthetic and thus has never been approved or marketed for clinical use as an enantiopure drug. Arketamine is currently in clinical development as a novel antidepressant. Relative to esketamine, arketamine possesses 4 to 5 times lower affinity for the PCP site of the NMDA receptor. In accordance, arketamine is significantly less potent than racemic ketamine and especially esketamine in terms of anesthetic, analgesic, and sedative-hypnotic effects. Racemic ketamine has weak affinity for the sigma receptor, where it acts as an agonist, whereas esketamine binds negligibly to this receptor, and so the sigma receptor activity of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
