CYB004, or CYB-004, also known as deuterated dimethyltryptamine (dDMT), is a
serotonergic psychedelic
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic halluci ...
related to
dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family tha ...
(DMT) which is under development for the treatment of
generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities. Worry often interferes with daily functioning. Individuals with GAD are often overly con ...
.
It is administered by
inhalation
Inhalation (or inspiration) happens when air or other gases enter the lungs.
Inhalation of air
Inhalation of air, as part of the cycle of breathing, is a vital process for all human life. The process is autonomic (though there are exceptions ...
or
intravenous injection
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutr ...
.
It is a
tryptamine
Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan. The chemical structure is defined by an indole—a fused benzene and pyrrole ring, and a 2-aminoethyl group at the second carbon (third aromatic atom, with the firs ...
derivative
In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is t ...
and is a
deuterated analogue and form of DMT.
The
pharmacodynamic
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemistry, biochemical and physiology, physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or comb ...
profile of CYB004, including its interactions with
serotonin receptor
5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in multiple tissues including the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both ex ...
s and its effects in animals, is similar to that of DMT.
As with DMT, CYB004 is a
potent agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R ...
of the
serotonin
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, ...
5-HT2A receptor and produces
psychedelic-like effects in animals.
However, CYB004, due to its deuteration, is more resistant to
metabolism
Metabolism (, from ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the co ...
than DMT and shows a longer
elimination half-life
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration ( Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma. ...
(by 2.5- to 2.9-fold) and slower
clearance (by 38 to 55%) in animals.
The
brain
The brain is an organ (biology), organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for ...
to
plasma ratio of CYB004 was also increased (by 30%) relative to DMT, indicating slightly greater
central permeability as well.
As of August 2024, CYB004 is in
phase 2
Michael Lawrence Marrow (August 2, 1955 – December 12, 2019), known as PHASE 2 and Lonny Wood, was an American aerosol paint artist based in New York City. Mostly active in the 1970s, Phase 2 is generally credited with originating the "bubble ...
clinical trial
Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human subject research, human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel v ...
s for generalized anxiety disorder.
It was also under development for the treatment of
substance-related disorder
Substance-related disorders is a class of mental disorders that affect a person's brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like drugs, alcohol, or medications.
The disorders can lead to large societal probl ...
s and of other
psychiatric disorder
A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. A mental disorder is ...
s, but development for these indications was discontinued.
The drug is under development by
Cybin
Cybin IRL is a Canadian pharmaceutical company that is developing psychedelic drugs as medicines.
The company's drug candidates include psilocybin (CYB001), CYB002 (discontinued), CYB003 ( deuterated psilocin), CYB004 (deuterated dimethyltrypta ...
.
The exact
chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target m ...
of CYB004 (i.e., which
hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter ...
atom
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a atomic nucleus, nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished fr ...
s are deuterated) does not yet seem to have been disclosed.
However, Cybin
patent
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...
ed deuterated tryptamines, including deuterated forms of DMT like DMT-d
10, in 2023.
Other related drugs include the deuterated tryptamine
CYB003 and the deuterated
phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace ami ...
s
CYB005
CYB005, or CYB-005, also known as deuterated phenethylamine derivative, is a serotonin receptor agonist and serotonergic psychedelic which is under development for use at non-hallucinogenic doses in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and neur ...
and
CYB210010
CYB210010, also known as 2C-T-TFM or 2C-T-36 and as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)phenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine family related to compounds such as 2C-T and 2C-T-21.
Alexander Shulgin atte ...
.
See also
*
List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens
This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently under formal development for clinical use but are not yet approved.
''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmenta ...
*
List of investigational anxiolytics
*
List of investigational antidepressants
This is a list of investigational antidepressants, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of depression but are not yet approved. Specific indications include major depressive disorder, treatment-resista ...
References
External links
CYB004 Deuterated Dimethyltryptamine (dDMT) - Cybin
{{Tryptamines
5-HT2A agonists
Deuterated compounds
N,N-Dialkyltryptamines
Drugs with undisclosed chemical structures
Experimental anxiolytics
Experimental hallucinogens
Experimental psychiatric drugs
Psychedelic tryptamines
Serotonin receptor agonists