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Electoral Fraud In Pakistan
Electoral fraud in Pakistan () has history intertwined with military interventions and legal obstacles against political dissenters, impacting the democratic process. Since its inception in 1947, Pakistan experienced alternating phases of democracy and authoritarianism, with the first general elections held only in 1970. The early governance was managed by a Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, tasked with both administrative functions and drafting a constitution. 1960 Pakistani referendum On February 14, 1960, Pakistan held a referendum, which was President Muhammad Ayub Khan's first popular vote following the suspension of the parliamentary system in 1958. The lack of enthusiasm regarding the outcome was highlighted by the pre-emptive publication of Ayub Khan's inaugural plans by ''Dawn'', several days before the official vote count was confirmed. 1977 Pakistani general election The 1977 elections are widely regarded as rigged. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, maintaining some aspects of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constituent Assembly Of Pakistan
The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was the supreme federal legislature of the Dominion of Pakistan. It was established in August 1947 with the primary tasks of framing Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, a constitution; and serving as an interim parliament. It was dissolved in March 1956 and succeeded by the Parliament of Pakistan. First Session The members were originally elected to the Constituent Assembly of India before they abdicated in the aftermath of the partition of India. Later the members were elected in 1947 Pakistani Constituent Assembly election, 1947 elections. The members were as follows: Pakistan's Constituent Assembly first convened on August 10, 1947, on the eve of independence and the end of British Raj, British rule. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected as the president of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on the same day and remained its president until his death on September 11, 1948. Subsequently, Liaquat Ali Khan headed it for three years and produced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
The Islami Jamhuri Ittihad (IJI) was a right-wing conservative alliance formed in September 1988 to oppose the democratic socialist Pakistan Peoples Party in elections that year. The alliance comprised nine parties, of which the major components were the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), National Peoples Party (NPP) and Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), with PML accounting for 80% of the IJI's electoral candidates. The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency, under director Hamid Gul, had a major role in forming the right-of-centre political alliance. Care had been taken to ensure that the alliance comprised nine parties to generate comparison with the nine-party Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) that had campaigned against PPP in 1977. The IJI was considered a Zia ul-Haq loyalist alliance. The head of the party was Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, but its most resourceful leader was Nawaz Sharif, a young industrialist whom Zia ul-Haq had appointed chief minister of Punjab. Sharif was vying for co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly Of Pakistan
The National Assembly of Pakistan, also referred to as ''Aiwān-ē-Zairīñ'', is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral Parliament of Pakistan, with the upper house being the Senate of Pakistan, Senate. As of 2023, the National Assembly has a maximum membership of 336, of which 266 are directly elected by an adult universal suffrage and a First-past-the-post voting, first-past-the-post system to represent their respective List of constituencies of Pakistan, constituencies, while 60 are elected on reserved seats for women and religious minorities from all over the country. Members hold their seats for five years or until the house is dissolved by the President of Pakistan, President on the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister. The house convenes at the Parliament House, Islamabad, Parliament House, Red Zone (Islamabad), Red Zone, Islamabad. Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani politician and businessman who served as the 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan, prime minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, first serving from 1990 to 1993, then from 1997 to 1999 and later from 2013 to 2017. He is the longest-serving prime minister of Pakistan, having served a total of more than 9 years across three tenures. Each term has ended in his ousting. Sharif is currently serving as current Patron-in-Chief of Lahore Heritage Revival Authority since 16 March 2025. Born into the upper-middle-class Sharif family in Lahore, Nawaz is the son of Muhammad Sharif, the founder of Ittefaq Group, Ittefaq and Sharif Group, Sharif groups. Nawaz studied business at Government College University (Lahore), Government College and law at the University of the Punjab, University of Punjab. Nawaz entered into politics in 1981, when he was appointed by Zia ul Haq, President Zia as the Finance department, Punj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asghar Khan Case
The Mehrangate, also known as the Asghar Khan case or Mehran bank scandal, was a major political scandal that took place in the Second administration of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990. Chief of Army Staff General Mirza Aslam Beg, Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence Lt General Asad Durrani, and General Hamid Gul conspired against the election campaign of Benazir Bhutto. Using taxpayers' money, they backed Nawaz Sharif and funded the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad and bribed politicians to ensure Bhutto would lose the 1990 general election. From the official bank accounts of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), taxpayer funds were directed and transferred to purchase the loyalty of politicians to compete with the Pakistan Peoples Party, which was much organized at that time. The nature of the Sharif-Beg collusion was discovered by Javed Ashraf Qazi, then- Director ISI, who wanted to move the taxpayers' funds into another account but the banks failed to meet the requests, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asad Durrani
Asad Ahmed Durrani (; born 7 February 1941) is a retired 3-star rank general in the Pakistan Army and presently a commentator, speaker and author. Durrani previously served as the 10th Director General of the ISI and former Director General of the Pakistan Army's Military Intelligence. Early life and education Durrani was born in 1941 in Rawalpindi, British India into a Durrani Pathan family. From 1957 to 1959, he attended the Government College of Lahore, now a university, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree. Military career He joined the Pakistan Army in 1959. and subsequently joined the Pakistan Military Academy In 1960, he was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the army as a gunner officer. As a captain he participated in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, where he commanded his company. In 1968, he was promoted to major. He also took part in the 1971 war against India. Durrani has been in key posts, including an instructorship at the officers' academy and late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Aslam Beg
Mirza Aslam Beg (born 15 February 1928), also known as M. A. Beg, is a retired Pakistani four-star rank general who served as the third Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army from 1988 until his retirement in 1991. His appointment as chief of army staff came when his predecessor, President General Zia-ul-Haq, died in an air crash on 17 August 1988. Beg's tenure witnessed Benazir Bhutto being elected Prime Minister in November 1988, and the restoration of democracy and the civilian control of the military in the country. Beg financed the Islamic Democracy Alliance (IDA), the conservative and right-wing opposition alliance against left-wing PPP, and rigged the general elections in 1990 in favor of Nawaz Sharif. As a result, Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister in 1990, but fell out with Beg when the latter recommended support for Iraq during the Gulf War. Beg was denied an extension from President Ghulam Ishaq Khan soon after in 1991, and replaced by General Asif Nawaz as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan (20 January 1915 – 27 October 2006), commonly known by his initials GIK, was a Pakistani bureaucrat, politician and statesman who served as the seventh President of Pakistan from 1988 to 1993. He previously served as Chairman of the Senate from 1985 to 1988 under president Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, and was sworn in shortly after Zia's death. Raised in Bannu, Khan graduated from Peshawar University and entered the Indian Civil Service, opting for Pakistan after the independence in 1947. Appointed the first chairman of the Water and Power Development Authority by President Ayub Khan in 1961, Ghulam Ishaq also served as Finance Secretary from 1966 to 1970. A year later, he was appointed Governor of the State Bank by President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, before being made Defence Secretary in 1975, assisting with Pakistan's atomic bomb programme. He was retained by President Zia-ul-Haq as Finance Minister in 1977, overseeing the country's highest GDP growth average. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Pakistan
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (; ''Adālat-e-Uzma Pākistān'') is the apex court in the Judiciary of Pakistan, judicial hierarchy of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Established in accordance witPart VIIof the Constitution of Pakistan, it has ultimate and extensive appellate jurisdiction, appellate, original jurisdiction, original, and advisory jurisdictions on all Court system of Pakistan, courts (including the High Courts of Pakistan, high courts, District Courts of Pakistan, district, Anti Terrorism Court of Pakistan, special and Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan, Shariat court), involving issues of laws and may act on the verdicts rendered on the cases in context in which it enjoys jurisdiction. In the court system of Pakistan, the Supreme Court is the final Arbitral tribunal, arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes as well as final interpreter of Law of Pakistan, constitutional law, and the highest court of appeal in Pakistan. Currently, the Supreme Court is incorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caretaker Prime Minister Of Pakistan
The caretaker prime minister of Pakistan () is the acting head of government, head of the Caretaker government of Pakistan, Caretaker Government in Pakistan following the Dissolution of parliament, dissolution of the National Assembly of Pakistan, National Assembly. The purpose of this post is to ensure free and fair elections are held. The most recent Caretaker PM was Anwaar ul Haq Kakar, who took office on 14 August 2023, after the National Assembly was dissolved; he served until 4 March 2024. Federal law and constitution Following the Dissolution of parliament, dissolution of the National Assembly of Pakistan, National Assembly, whether it is dissolved by the completion of its term or by an early dissolution, the President of Pakistan, President shall appoint a Caretaker government. However, this must be done with the consultation of the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan), Leader of the Opposition, who should reach a consensus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (; ) (14 August 1931 – 20 November 2009) was a Pakistani politician who served as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan for three months, from 6 August 1990 to 6 November 1990. Early life Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi was born in New Jatoi, Naushehro Feroze District, Sindh. He was the eldest of four brothers, and his grandfather, Khan Bahadur Imam Bux Khan Jatoi, was a member of the Bombay Legislative Assembly in 1923, 1927 and 1931. At the time there were only four members representing the entire present Province of Sindh. His father Ghulam Rasool Jatoi was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, Sindh Legislative Assembly twice in 1946 and again 1952, after which one unit was imposed in West Pakistan. Jatoi was educated at Karachi Grammar School and passed his senior Cambridge. In 1952, he went to England for his bar at law, but had to return home within one year due to his father's serious illness. Mr Jatoi was an active leader in politics. He was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Pakistani General Election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 16 November 1988 to elect the members of the National Assembly and Senate. The elections saw the resurgence of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter, Benazir. Supporters of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who had died in August 1988, reorganised themselves into a nine-party alliance, the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) with support from the intelligence agencies. This marked the beginning of a decade-long two-party system between the left-wing PPP and right-wing IJI and its successor the Pakistan Muslim League (N). The PPP emerged as the biggest party, winning 94 of the 207 seats in the National Assembly. The IJI came second with 56 seats amidst a voter turnout of just 43%. The PPP was able to form a government with other left-wing parties, including the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), with Bhutto becoming the first female Prime Minister in a Muslim country. Background Parliamentary ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
