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E2F1
Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''E2F1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell cycle and action of tumor suppressor proteins and is also a target of the transforming proteins of small DNA tumor viruses. The E2F proteins contain several evolutionarily conserved domains found in most members of the family. These domains include a DNA binding domain, a dimerization domain which determines interaction with the differentiation regulated transcription factor proteins (DP), a transactivation domain enriched in acidic amino acids, and a tumor suppressor protein association domain which is embedded within the transactivation domain. This protein and another 2 members, E2F2 and E2F3, have an additional cyclin binding domain. This protein binds preferentially to retinoblastoma protein pRB in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retinoblastoma Protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated pRb; gene name abbreviated ''Rb'', ''RB'' or ''RB1'') is a proto-oncogenic tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, inactivating it, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases. pRb belongs to the pocket protein family, whose members have a pocket for the functional binding of other proteins. Should an oncogenic protein, such as those produced by cells infected by high-risk types of human papillomavirus, bind and inactivate pRb, this can lead to cancer. The ''RB'' gene may have been responsible for the evolution of multicellularity in several lineages of life including animals. Name and genetics In humans, the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TOPBP1
DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1 (TOPBP1) is a scaffold protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TOPBP1'' gene. TOPBP1 was first identified as a protein binding partner of DNA topoisomerase-IIβ by a yeast 2-hybrid screen, giving it its name. TOPBP1 is involved in a variety of nuclear specific events. These include DNA damage repair, DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle checkpoint activation. TOPBP1 primarily regulates the DNA damage repair response through its ability to activate the damage response kinase, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related (ATR). It also plays a critical role in DNA replication initiation and regulation of the cell cycle. Changes in TOPBP1 gene expression are associated with pulmonary hypertension, breast cancer, glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and sarcomas. Structure BRCT domains The TOPBP1 gene encodes a scaffold protein which facilitates interactions between different proteins at specific time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NDN (gene)
Necdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NDN'' gene. Function This intronless gene is located in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) deletion region. It is an imprinted gene and is expressed exclusively from the paternal allele. Studies in mice suggest that the protein encoded by this gene may suppress growth in postmitotic neurons. Necdin is used to stimulate growth regulation and DNA-dependent transcription regulation. Interactions NDN (gene) has been shown to interact with: * E2F1, * HNRNPU, * IL1A, * Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, * NUCB2, and * P53 p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Human proteins {{gene-15-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prohibitin
Prohibitin, also known as PHB, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PHB'' gene. The ''Phb'' gene has also been described in animals, fungi, plants, and unicellular eukaryotes. Prohibitins are divided in two classes, termed Type-I and Type-II prohibitins, based on their similarity to yeast PHB1 and PHB2, respectively. Each organism has at least one copy of each type of prohibitin gene. Discovery Prohibitins are evolutionarily conserved genes that are ubiquitously expressed. The human prohibitin gene, located on the BRCA1 chromosome region 17q21, was originally thought to be a negative regulator of cell proliferation and a tumor suppressor. This anti-proliferative activity was later attributed to the 3' UTR of the PHB gene, and not to the actual protein. Mutations in human PHB have been linked to sporadic breast cancer. However, over-expression of PHB has been associated with a reduction in the androgen receptor activity and a reduction in PSA gene expression resultin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubiquitin C
Polyubiquitin-C is a protein encoded by the ''UBC'' gene in humans. Polyubiquitin-C is one of the sources of ubiquitin, along with UBB, UBA52, and RPS27A. ''UBC'' gene is one of the two stress-regulated polyubiquitin genes (''UBB'' and ''UBC'') in mammals. It plays a key role in maintaining cellular ubiquitin levels under stress conditions. Defects of ''UBC'' gene could lead to mid-gestation embryonic lethality. Structure Gene ''UBC'' gene is located at chromosome 12q24.3, consisting of 2 exons. The promoter of the ''UBC'' gene contains putative heat shock elements ( HSEs), which mediates UBC induction upon stress. ''UBC'' gene differs from ''UBB'' gene in the number of Ub coding units they contain. Nine to ten Ub units were in the ''UBC'' gene. Protein In polyubiquitin-C, the C-terminus of a given ubiquitin molecule is covalently conjugated to either the N-terminal residue or one of seven lysine residues of another ubiquitin molecule. Different linking of ubiquitin chains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ''O''-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor. In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome. Structure SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclin A1
Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCNA1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell division cycle. Cyclins function as activating subunits of enzymatic complex together with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns that contribute to the temporal coordination of cell cycle events. Cyclin A1 was shown to be expressed in testis and brain, as well as in several leukemic cell lines, and is thought to primarily function in the control of meiosis. This cyclin binds both Cdk1 and Cdk2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F1, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TP53BP1
Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 also known as p53-binding protein 1 or 53BP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TP53BP1'' gene. Clinical significance 53BP1 is underexpressed in most cases of triple-negative breast cancer. DNA repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic damages that can be repaired either by the homologous recombinational repair (HR) pathway or by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. NHEJ, although faster than HR, is less accurate. The early divergent step between the two pathways is end resection, and this step is regulated by numerous factors. In particular, BRCA1 and 53BP1 play a role in determining the balance between the two pathways. 53BP1 restricts resection and promotes NHEJ. Age-associated deficient repair Ordinarily during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, when a sister chromatid is unavailable for HR, NHEJ is the predominant pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, as individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TFDP1
Transcription factor Dp-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TFDP1'' gene. Function The E2F transcription factor family (see MIM 189971) regulates the expression of various cellular promoters, particularly those involved in the cell cycle. E2F factors bind to DNA as homodimers or heterodimers in association with dimerization partner DP1. TFDP1 may be the first example of a family of related transcription factors; see TFDP2 (MIM 602160). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> Interactions TFDP1 has been shown to interact with: * E2F1, * E2F5, and * P53 p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp4 Transcription Factor
Transcription factor Sp4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP4'' gene. Interactions Sp4 transcription factor has been shown to interact with E2F1 Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''E2F1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The E2F family plays a crucial role in the control of cell .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * Transcription factors {{gene-7-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sp3 Transcription Factor
Sp3 transcription factor, also known as SP3, refers to both a protein and the gene it is encoded by. This gene belongs to a family of Sp1 related genes that encode transcription factors that regulate transcription by binding to consensus GC- and GT-box regulatory elements in target genes. This protein contains a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and several transactivation domains, and has been reported to function as a bifunctional transcription factor that either stimulates or represses the transcription of numerous genes. Transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, and one has been reported to initiate translation from a non-AUG (AUA) start codon. Additional isoforms, resulting from the use of alternate downstream translation initiation sites, have also been noted. Interactions Sp3 transcription factor has been shown to interact with Histone deacetylase 2, PIAS1, E2F1 and GABPA GA-binding protein alpha chain is a protein that in humans i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
