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Duke Huan Of Qi
Duke Huan of Qi (), personal name Lü Xiaobai, was a duke of the Qi state, ruling from 685 BC to 643 BC. Duke Huan and his long-time advisor Guan Zhong managed to transform Qi into China's most powerful polity. Duke Huan is commonly listed among the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period. Toward the end of his more than 40-year-long reign, however, Duke Huan's power began to decline as he grew ill and the Qi state came to be embroiled in factional strife. Following his death in 643 BC, Qi completely lost its predominance. Early life and rise to power Xiǎobái was born as one of Duke Xi of Qi's sons, though not in line of succession for the throne as he had at least two older brothers: Zhu'er and Jiu. In his youth, Xiǎobái was tutored by Bao Shuya. When Duke Xi eventually died, Zhu'er became Qi's next ruler as " Duke Xiang" but his reign was fraught with internal conflicts and scandals. Recognizing this and fearing for his pupil's life, Bao Shuya took Xiǎobái and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wu Family Shrines
The Wu Family Shrines (), of which the Wu Liang Shrine (武梁祠) is the best known, was the family shrine of the Wu clan of the Eastern Han dynasty. The shrines contain a vast amount of relief carvings. Three walls of Wu Liang's shrine were still standing as late as the 11th century, which is the reason that the site of all the family shrines are often called after him. The shrine to Wu Liang (78-151 AD) was built in 151 AD in what is now Jiaxiang County of southwestern Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ... province. In the 1930s, Wilma Fairbank visited the site and advanced the study of the tombs by treating the relief carvings as architectural wholes rather than pictorial art. References Further reading * Berger, Patricia. “The ‘Battle at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuo Zhuan
The ''Zuo Zhuan'' ( zh, t=左傳, w=Tso Chuan; ), often translated as ''The Zuo Tradition'' or as ''The Commentary of Zuo'', is an ancient Chinese narrative history traditionally regarded as a commentary on the ancient Chinese chronicle the '' Spring and Autumn Annals''. It comprises 30 chapters covering the period from 722 to 468BC, and focuses mainly on political, diplomatic, and military affairs from that era. For many centuries, the ''Zuo Zhuan'' was the primary text through which educated Chinese learned their ancient history. The ''Zuo Zhuan'' does not simply explain the wording of the ''Spring and Autumn Annals'', but rather expounds upon its historical background with rich and lively accounts of the history and culture of the Spring and Autumn period (771476 BC). The ''Zuo Zhuan'' is the source of more Chinese sayings and idioms than any other classical work, and its concise, flowing style served as a paragon of elegant Classical Chinese. Its tendency toward thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xing (state)
Xíng was a vassal state of ancient China during the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BCE) and Spring and Autumn period (770–475 BCE), ruled by members of the Jī family (姬). Its original location was on the plain east of the Shanxi plateau and north of most of the other states. History Sometime between 1046 and 1043 BCE, King Wu of Zhou granted lands around modern day Xingtai City to Pengshu of Xing (邢朋叔), who was the fourth son of the Duke of Zhou. Shortly after Xing's establishment, Pengshu travelled to the Zhou capital of Haojing. Pengshu performed ceremonial rituals with the king and was then bestowed gifts before returning home. In 662 BCE, Xing was heavily threatened by the Red Di tribes. Duke Huan of Qi relocated Xing southeast to a place known as Yiyi (夷仪) (modern day Liaocheng Liaocheng ( zh, s=, p=Liáochéng), is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Dezhou to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yan (state)
Yan (; Old Chinese pronunciation: ''*'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Its capital was Jicheng (Beijing), Ji (later known as Yanjing and now Beijing). During the Warring States period, the court was also moved to another capital at Xiadu at times. The history of Yan began in the Western Zhou in the early first millennium BC. After the authority of the Zhou king declined during the Spring and Autumn period in the 8th century BC, Yan survived and became one of the strongest states in China. During the Warring States period from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, Yan was one of the last states to be conquered by the armies of Qin Shihuang: Yan fell in 222 BC, the year before the declaration of the Qin dynasty, Qin Empire. Yan experienced a brief period of independence after the collapse of the Qin dynasty in 207 BC, but it was eventually absorbed by the victorious Western Han dynasty, Han. During its height, Yan stretched from the Yellow River to the Yalu River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Barbarians
"Four Barbarians" ( zh, c=四夷, p=sìyí) was a generic term used in Ancient China, particularly by subjects of the Shang dynasty, Shang and Zhou dynasty, Zhou dynasties, referring to the various non-Sinitic peoples living outside the borders of the Huaxia civilization, who were pejoratively considered to be savage (pejorative term), savage barbarians by the agrarian society, agrarian Chinese people. Each was named according to a cardinal direction relative to China proper, China ''proper'': * The "Eastern Barbarians" or ''Dongyi'' (), referring to various peoples east of the Zhongyuan, Central Plain, particularly the Tungusic people, Tungusic and Koreans, Koreanic peoples from Northeast Asia; * The "Southern Barbarians" or ''Nanman'' (), referring to the Baiyue people from south of the Yangtze and the Burmic people beyond the Hengduan Mountains; * The "Western Barbarians" or ''Xirong'' (), referring to the highland peoples (especially the Qiang (historical people), Qiang) from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wey (state)
Wei (; ), commonly spelled Wey to distinguish from the contemporary larger Wei (state), Wei () state, was an State (Ancient China), ancient Chinese state that was founded in the early Western Zhou dynasty and rose to prominence during the Spring and Autumn period. Its rulers were of the surname Ji (), the same as that of the rulers of Zhou. It was located in modern northeastern Henan Province, east of Jin (Chinese state), Jin (and later Wei ), and west of Cao (state), Cao. Early history The history of Wey dates back to the beginning of the Zhou dynasty and the Rebellion of the Three Guards. After the Duke of Zhou successfully defeated the rebellion, Shu Feng of Kang, Kang Shu, a younger brother of King Wu of Zhou was given a fief centred on Zhaoge, the capital of the Shang dynasty, which had been the centre of the rebellion. Spring and Autumn period The State of Wey was at its peak during the early Spring and Autumn period, under Duke Wu of Wey, who reigned for 55 years. In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Son Of Heaven
Son of Heaven, or ''Tianzi'' (), was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign. It originated with the Zhou dynasty and was founded on the political and spiritual doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven. Since the Qin dynasty, the secular imperial title of the Son of Heaven was " Huangdi". The title, "Son of Heaven", was subsequently adopted by other Sinospheric monarchs to justify their rule. The name Celestial Empire (or "Heavenly Dynasty") was also used in reference to the status of the Chinese emperor as the Son of Heaven in the Sinosphere. The Son of Heaven was the supreme universal monarch, who ruled ''tianxia'' (means "all under heaven"). His status is rendered in English as "ruler of the whole world." The title, "Son of Heaven", was interpreted literally only in China and Japan, whose monarchs were referred to as demigods, deities, or " living gods", chosen by the gods and goddesses of heaven. History and adoption The title "Son of Heaven" (; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Hui Of Zhou
King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by fixed laws. Kings are hereditary monarchs when they inherit power by birthright and elective monarchs when chosen to ascend the throne. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (cf. Indic ''rājan'', Gothic ''reiks'', and Old Irish '' rí'', etc.). *In the context of classical antiquity, king may translate in Latin as '' rex'' and in Greek as ''archon'' or ''basileus''. *In classical European feudalism, the title of ''king'' as the ruler of a ''kingdom'' is understood to be the highest rank in the feudal order, potentially subject, at least nominally, only to an emperor (harking back ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zheng (state)
Zheng (; ; Old Chinese: *') was a vassal State (Ancient China), state in China during the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BCE) located in the centre of ancient China in modern-day Henan Province on the North China Plain about east of the royal capital at Luoyang. It was the most powerful of the vassal states at the beginning of the Eastern Zhou (771–701 BCE), and was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in its late period of 543 BCE. Its ruling house had the Ji (Zhou dynasty ancestral surname), ancestral name Ji (姬), making them a branch of the Zhou royal house, who held the rank of ''Zhou dynasty nobility, Bo'' (), a kinship term meaning "elder". Foundation Zheng was founded in 806 BC when King Xuan of Zhou, the penultimate king of the Western Zhou, made his younger brother Prince You () Duke of Zheng and granted him lands within the royal domain in the eponymous Zheng in modern-day Hua County, Shaanxi on the Wei River east of Xi'an. Prince You, known posthumo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chen (state)
Chen () was a Ancient Chinese states, state founded by Duke Hu of Chen during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. It existed from c. 1045 BC–479 BC. Its capital was Wanqiu, in present-day Huaiyang County in the plains of eastern Henan province. Chen (surname), Chen, the 4th most popular Chinese surname in the world, and members of the Hu (surname), Hu clan, the 13th most popular Chinese surname in the world, would claim descent from the Duke Hu of Chen who was in turn descended from the legendary Emperor Shun. At its peak, Chen encompassed fourteen cities in modern-day Henan and Anhui. Name It is written 陳 the same as the Chen surname. In ancient texts, it is sometimes misspelled as 敶, also pronounced Chen. Territory Chen was originally from Taihao (太昊、太皞), the capital of Fuxi's clan.《左傳·昭公十七年》：陈，大皞之虚也 It was south of the Yellow River. Capital Its capital was Wanqiu, in present-day Huaiyang County in the plains of easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song (state)
Song was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty with its capital at Shangqiu. The state was founded soon after King Wu of Zhou conquered the Shang dynasty to establish the Zhou dynasty in 1046 BC. It was conquered by the state of Qi in 286 BC, during the Warring States period. Confucius is traditionally considered to have been a descendant of a Song nobleman who moved to the state of Lu. Origin King Zhou of Shang, King Zhou of Shang, Di Xin was the younger brother of Jizi, Zi Qi—who was said in legends to have ruled Gija Joseon in the 11th century BCE—and Zi Yan (), later rulers of Zhou's vassal state Song, father of Wu Geng. After King Wu of Zhou overthrew King Zhou of Shang, the last ruler of Shang, marking the transition to the Zhou dynasty, the victor was honor-bound by a stricture of feudal etiquette known as to allow the defeated house of Shang dynasty, Shang to continue offering sacrifices to their ancestors. As a result, for a time Shang be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
