|
Deria Arale
Deria Arale () was a senior ''Khusuusi'' member of the Somali Dervish movement led by Mohamed Abdullah Hassan. Overview He along with Abdallah Shihiri led the 1904 Dervish delegation that facilitated the Ilig or Pestollaza agreement between the Dervishes and Italy. This treaty allowed the Dervishes to peacefully settle in Italian Somaliland with some autonomy but under Italian protection. In 1899 Deria was among the top five (Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Haji Sudi, Sultan Nur and Deria Gure) wanted leaders of the movement. Deria Arale defected with Shihri in 1907, but he was compelled to return to his wives and children in 1908. Few months later Deria Arale was dead, his mysterious sudden death "of broken heart" seen his family humiliated along him by the dervish. In 1909 a dervish force, 400 strong defected led by brothers Omar and Samatar Dhora. The two brothers were interviewed by Slatin Pasha on the circumstance of Deria death, they both testified there was no foul play havin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somalis
The Somali people (, Wadaad's writing, Wadaad: , Arabic: ) are a Cushitic peoples, Cushitic ethnic group and nation native to the Somali Peninsula. who share a common ancestry, culture and history. The Lowland East Cushitic languages, East Cushitic Somali language is the shared mother tongue of ethnic Somalis, which is part of the Cushitic languages, Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. They are predominantly Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim.Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1 Forming one of the largest ethnic groups on the continent, they cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa. According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. This ancient historical kingdom is where a great portion of their cultural traditions and ancestry are said to derive from.Egypt: 3000 Years of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dervish Movement (Somali)
The Dervish Movement () was an armed resistance movement between 1899 and 1920, which was led by the Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet and militant leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as Sayyid Mohamed, who called for independence from the British and Italian colonisers and for the defeat of Kingdom of Ethiopia, Ethiopian forces. The Dervish movement aimed to remove the British and Italian influence from the region and restore an "Islamic system of governance with a Sufism, Sufi doctrine as its foundation", according to Mohamed-Rahis Hasan and Salada Robleh.Hasan, Mohamed-Rashid S., and Salada M. Robleh (2004), "Islamic revival and education in Somalia", ''Educational Strategies Among Muslims in the Context of Globalization: Some National Case Studies'', Volume 3, BRILL Academic, page 147. Hassan established a ruling council called the ''Khususi'' consisting of Sufi tribal elders and spokesmen, added an adviser from the Ottoman Empire named Muhammad Ali, and thus created a multi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets in Islam, and along with the Quran, his teachings and normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born in Mecca to the aristocratic Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdallah Shihiri
Abdallah Mohamed Shihiri (, ; 1868–1931) was a senior Khusuusi member of the Somali Dervish movement and was part of the movement since its inception. He was long time companion and a childhood friend of Mohamed Abdullah Hassan and notable weapons smuggler. He belonged to the Adan Madoba sub-clan of the Habr Je'lo clan of the Isaaq clan family. Overview Abdallah Shihiri was a British naval interpreter before he joined the Dervish movement at its inception in Burao in 1899. Shihiri joined the Ahmadiyya (Idrisiyya) sufi Tariqa order about the same time as the young Mullah in Berbera in the early 1890's. Shihiri started seafaring at his teens and travelling to most ports in East Africa and Arabia and was well known virtually in most coasts of the Red Sea and Africa. Due to his long experience as a trader and popularity in these ports he became the foreign organizer of the movement and its gunrunner during the campaign years. Shihiri is noted to have conducted caravans from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Empire
The Italian colonial empire (), also known as the Italian Empire (''Impero italiano'') between 1936 and 1941, was founded in Africa in the 19th century. It comprised the colonies, protectorates, concession (territory), concessions and dependent territory, dependencies of the Kingdom of Italy. In Africa, the colonial empire included the territories of present-day Italian colonization of Libya, Libya, Italian Eritrea, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, Somalia and Italian East Africa, Ethiopia (the last three being officially named "Italian East Africa, Africa Orientale Italiana", AOI); outside Africa, Italy possessed the Italian Aegean Islands, Dodecanese Islands (following the Italo-Turkish War), Albania (initially a Italian protectorate of Albania, protectorate, then in Kingdom of Albania in personal union with Italy (1939–1943), personal union from 1939 to 1943)Nigel Thomas. ''Armies in the Balkans 1914–18''. Osprey Publishing, 2001, p. 17. and also had some Concessions of Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somaliland (; ; ) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and the Geledi Sultanate in the south. Italy gradually secured much of the territory in the 1880s through a series of protection treaties.Mariam Arif Gassem, ''Somalia: clan vs. nation'' (s.n.: 2002), p.4 Starting in the 1890s, the Bimaal and Hawiye, Wa'dan revolts near Merca marked the beginning of Banadir resistance, Somali resistance to Italian expansion, coinciding with the rise of the anti-colonial Dervish movement (Somali), Dervish movement in the north. By the end of 1927, following a two-year military campaign against Somali rebels, Rome finally asserted authority over the entirety of Italian Somaliland. In 1936, the region was integrated into Italian East Africa as the Somalia Governorate. This would last until Italy's loss of the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haji Sudi
Suudi Shabeele Omar, more commonly known as Haji Sudi (; 1858–1920) was one of the leaders behind the Somali Dervish movement. He was also the movement's right-hand man and chief lieutenant till its demise in 1920. He is described as the Mullah's right hand in the earlier days of his rise. He hailed from the Adan Madoba sub-clan of the Habr Je'lo clan. Overview Haji Sudi was born approximately around 1857 in what's now Somaliland before the arrival of European powers to the Horn of Africa. Nothing is known about his early life, but as most of the Somalis of his time his early life and youth was spent in the interior as a nomad. The nickname " Sudi" in Somali means hot tempered. In Somali language the term means hot or scourging temperature an indication of his temperament. Haji Sudi's real name was Warsame Omar (according to the modern family descendants) but to the British he was known as Ahmed Warsama before the dervish. During his dervish years he was popular as Haji Sud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Ahmed Aman
Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman (; (1841–1907); Somali nickname Nuur Dheere), was a learned religious leader and the 5th Sultan of the Habr Yunis Sultanate and later also one of the leaders behind the Dervish movement (Somali), Somali Dervish movement and Somaliland campaign, revolt (1899–1920). He was the principal agitator rallying the followers of the Kob Fardod Tariqa behind his anti- French Roman Catholic missions, Catholic Mission campaign that would become the cause of the Dervish uprising. He assisted in assembling men and arms and hosted the revolting tribesmen in his quarter at Burao in August 1899, declaring the Dervish rebellion. He fought and led the war throughout the years 1899–1904. He and his brother Geleh Ahmed (Kila Ahmed) were the main signatories of the Dervish peace treaty with the British, Ethiopians and Italian colonial powers on March 5, 1905, known as the Ilig Treaty or the Pestalozza agreement. Sultan Nur is entombed in a white-domed shrine in Taleh, the loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Boghol
Ibrahim Hassan Boghol (; 1877 – February 1920) was a Somali military leader. He was a member of the Dervish council, called the ''Khusuusi'', and was also the commander of the northern Dervish army. He was among the most wanted Dervish leaders in British Somaliland. Ibrahim Boghol hailed from the Adan Madobe sub-division of the Habr Je'lo clan of the Isaaq clan family. Siege of Las Khoray In late April 1916, the Warsangeli under the orders of Mohamoud Ali Shire attacked the Dervish forces based at the Jidali fort, besieging them and looting their stock. With news of the assault having reached the Dervish of Cershida and Surut, reinforcements were sent to Jidali to repulse the attackers, where the Warsangeli were defeated and the Dervishes managed to recover their stock. On the evening of Saturday the 6th, the Dervishes set out to punish the Warsangeli with a force composed of 2,000 Sa'ad Yunis and Uduruhmin Dervishes led by Ibrahim Boghol who swept down on the Warsangeli Cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eric John Eagles Swayne
Sir Eric John Eagles Swayne (14 May 1863 – 9 September 1929) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. He served in British Somaliland, where he was appointed Commissioner, and as Governor of British Honduras, now Belize. Early years Swayne was born on 14 May 1863. His parents were George Carless Swayne, a classical scholar, curate and essayist, and Margaret Sarah Eagles, a poet. He was educated abroad and at St Edward's School, Oxford, before attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, as a Gentleman Cadet for a year. In 1882 he joined the Welsh Regiment, and later transferred to the Indian Staff Corps. Swayne served in the Burma Campaign (1885–1887), the African Campaign (1898), and in British Somaliland. British Somaliland The emir of Dervish Sultan Diiriye Guure was Sayid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, known by the British at the time as the "Mad Mullah" since he would not accept colonial rule. In 1900, a part of the first British Somaliland e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adan Madobe
The Mohamed Abokor (, full name: ''Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Jibrīl ibn Abī Bakr ibn Mūsa ibn Ishaaq bin Ahmed, ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad'') is a Somali clan, and a major sub-division of the Habr Je'lo of the Isaaq.'' The Mohamed Abokor are one of the largest sub-divisions of the Habr Je'lo. They inhabit the Togdheer, Sool and Sahil, Somaliland, Sahil regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Isiolo, Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community. Notable subclans include Aden Madoba, Yeesif, Rer Dahir, Solomadow and Ahmed Farah. DNA T-M184 is unusual in that it is both geographically widespread and relatively rare. Haplogroup T-L206 (Y-DNA), T1 (T-L206) – the numerically dominant primary branch of T-M184 – appears to have originated in Western Asia, and spread from there into East Africa, South Asia, Europe, Egypt and adjoining regions. T1* may have expanded with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture (PPNB) which originated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habr Je'lo
The Habr Je'lo (), , Full Name: ''Mūsa ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad,'' historically known as the Habr Toljaala () is a major Northern Somali clan of the wider Isaaq family. Its members form the Habr Habusheed () confederation along with the Imran, Sanbur and Tolje’lo. The Habr Je'lo are divided into five further sub-tribes: the Mohamed Abokor, Musa Abokor, Samane Abokor, Reer dood and Omar. Historically, the Mohamed Abokor, Samane Abokor and Reer Dood are chiefly nomadic pastoralists, whereas the Musa Abokor and Omar obtained much of their wealth via their frankincense plantations in the mountainous interior adjacent to the coastline. The Habr Je'lo played a prominent role in the livestock and frankincense trade during the pre-colonial period. The Habr Je'lo also partook in a major organised front to oppose British rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries under the leadership of Haji Sudi, Sheikh Bashir, Haji Farah Omar, Michael Mariano and other subseque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
