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Cuckoo-shrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 93 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes ('' Tephrodornis'') were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, '' Chlamydochaera'', which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae). Taxonomy Cuckooshrikes are not closely related to either the cuckoos or to the shrikes; the name probably comes from the grey colour of many of the cuckooshrikes. Some of the species also bear a superficial resemblance to cuckoos, and have a similar undulating flight. The grey colouration has led to one of their other names, the greybird. In some parts of the world they have also been known as caterpillar-birds, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Cuckooshrike
The blue cuckooshrike (''Cyanograucalus azureus'') is a species of bird in the Cuckooshrike family, Campephagidae. It is widespread across the African tropical rainforest, from Sierra Leone and Liberia to eastern and south-western Democratic Republic of Congo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. This species was formerly placed in the genus '' Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, the blue cuckooshrike is the only species placed in the resurrected genus ''Cyanograucalus''. References External linksImage at ADW Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pygmy Cuckooshrike
The pygmy cuckooshrike (''Celebesica abbotti'') is a species of bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera, the pygmy cuckooshrike is the only species placed in the resurrected genus ''Celebesica''. References pygmy cuckooshrike Endemic birds of Sulawesi pygmy cuckooshrike pygmy cuckooshrike Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Campephagidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
McGregor's Cuckooshrike
McGregor's cuckooshrike (''Malindangia mcgregori'') or the sharp-tailed cuckooshrike, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is Endemism, endemic to Mindanao island on the Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forest. It is declining due to habitat loss. Description and taxonomy EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized bird of lower- and mid-elevation montane mossy forest on Mindanao, where it often joins mixed-species flocks. Gray on the crown, back, rump, and upper tail; black on the forehead, face, and chest plus some wing and tail feathers; and white on the belly and shoulder, plus a long mark down the wing and outer tail feathers. Black parts are slightly duller in the female. Unmistakable. Voice includes whining squeals and harsh screeches." This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found the genus ''Coracina'' was non-monophyletic. In the resulting reorganization to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceblepyris
''Ceblepyris'' is a genus of African passerine birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that ''Coracina'', as then defined, was non-monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co .... In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Ceblepyris''. The genus contains the following five species: * Madagascar cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cinereus'') * Comoro cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cucullatus'') * Grauer's cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris graueri'') * White-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis'') * Grey cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris caesius'') References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalage (bird)
''Lalage'' is a genus of passerine birds belonging to the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae, many of which are commonly known as trillers. There are about 20 species which occur in southern Asia and Australasia with a number of species on Pacific islands. They feed mainly on insects and fruit. They build a neat cup-shaped nest high in a tree. They are fairly small birds, about 15 to 20 cm long. They are mainly black, grey and white in colour. Most species are fairly common but the Samoan triller is considered to be near threatened and the Norfolk Island subspecies of the long-tailed triller has become extinct. Taxonomy The genus ''Lalage'' was introduced in 1826 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie to accommodate a single species, ''Turdus orientalis'' Gmelin, JF, 1788, a junior synonym of ''Turdus niger'' Pennant, 1781, the pied triller. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''lagages'', an unidentified bird mentioned by the Greek lexicographer Hesychius of Alexand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edolisoma
''Edolisoma'' is a genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae that are native to the Central Indo-Pacific region, Australia and New Guinea. Taxonomy These species were previously placed in the genus ''Coracina''. They were moved to the resurrected genus ''Edolisoma'' based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. The genus ''Edolisoma'' was introduced in 1853 by the French zoologist Jacques Pucheran with the type species as ''Campephaga marescotii'' Gray, 1846. This is now considered to be a junior synonym of ''Lanius melas'' Lesson, 1828, the black cicadabird. The name of the genus is derived from the genus ''Edolius'' that had been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816. Species The genus contains the following 31 species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual repro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coracina
''Coracina'' is a large genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-bellied cuckooshrike by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850–1851. The name ''Coracina'' is from the Ancient Greek meaning "little raven", a diminutive of ''korax'' meaning "raven". The genus formerly included many more species. It was split based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. A major clade was moved to the resurrected genus '' Edolisoma'' and a smaller group of Asian and Indian Ocean species moved to the genus '' Lalage''. The genus contains the following 28 species: * Stout-billed cuckooshrike, ''Coracina caeruleogrisea'' * Hooded cuckooshrike, ''Coracina longicauda'' * Cerulean cuckooshrike, ''Coracina temminckii'' * Pied cuckooshrike, ''Coracina bicolor'' * Ground cuckooshrike, ''Coracina maxima'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-faced Cuckooshrike
The black-faced cuckooshrike (''Coracina novaehollandiae'') is a common omnivorous passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea. It has a protected status in Australia, under the National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1974. They are widely distributed in almost any wooded habitat throughout the region, except in rainforests. But they can also occur in urban areas, and are a fairly common sight on power lines in Australian cities such as Sydney and Perth. Taxonomy The black-faced cuckooshrike was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus '' Turdus'' and coined the binomial name ''Turdus novaehollandiae''. Gmelin based his description on the "New Holland thrush" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book ''A General Synopsis of Birds''. Lathan had examined a specimen in the coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuckoo
Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae ( ) family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes ( ). The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals, and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae, respectively. The cuckoo order Cuculiformes is one of three that make up the Otidimorphae, the other two being the turacos and the bustards. The family Cuculidae contains 150 species, which are divided into 33 genera. The cuckoos are generally medium-sized, slender birds. Most species live in trees, though a sizeable minority are ground-dwelling. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution; the majority of species are tropical. Some species are migratory. The cuckoos feed on insects, insect larvae, and a variety of other animals, as well as fruit. Some species are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species and giving rise to the terms " cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. Theoretical implications Monotypic taxa present several important theoretical challenges in biological classification. One key issue is known as "Gregg's Paradox": if a single species is the only member of multiple hierarchical levels (for example, being the only species in its genus, which is the only genus in its family), then each level needs a distinct definition to maintain logical structure. Otherwise, the different taxonomic ranks become effectively identical, which creates problems for organizing biological diversity in a hierarchical syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A '' polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
