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Ceblepyris
''Ceblepyris'' is a genus of African passerine birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Coracina''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that ''Coracina'', as then defined, was non-monophyletic. In the resulting reorganization to create monophyletic genera these species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Ceblepyris''. The genus contains the following five species: * Madagascar cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cinereus'') * Comoros cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cucullatus'') * Grauer's cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris graueri'') * White-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis'') * Grey cuckooshrike The grey cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris caesius'') is a species of bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. It is a medium-sized forest bird, with grey to blue-grey plumage and large black eyes. There are two subspecies that occur in forest p ... (''Ceblepyris caesius'') References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2540 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey Cuckooshrike
The grey cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris caesius'') is a species of bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. It is a medium-sized forest bird, with grey to blue-grey plumage and large black eyes. There are two subspecies that occur in forest patches of southern and central Africa respectively. Taxonomy The grey cuckooshrike belongs to the family Campephagidae of the old world songbirds. There are almost 90 species within Campephagidae that occur in Africa, Asia and Australasia. ''Ceblepyris caesia'' is often considered to be part of a superspecies with the white-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis''); which looks somewhat similar apart from the striking white underparts compared to ''C. caesia's'' grey underparts. The grey cuckooshrike is also found at higher elevation than its white-breasted counterpart. A 2010 genetic analysis confirmed the two species as each other's closest relatives, with their common ancestor diverging from the ancestor of Grauer's cuckoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar Cuckooshrike
The Madagascar cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cinereus''), also known as the ashy cuckooshrike, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. The Comoros cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cucullatus'') is sometimes considered a distinct species. It is found in Madagascar, and Mayotte. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Description TSMF is generally found in large, disco .... References Madagascar cuckooshrik Birds of Madagascar Birds of Mayotte Madagascar cuckooshrik Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Campephagidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comoros Cuckooshrike
The Comoros cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris cucullatus'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Madagascar cuckooshrike. It is endemic to the Comoros. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Description TSMF is generally found in large, discont .... References Comoros cuckooshrike Birds of the Comoros Comoros cuckooshrike {{Campephagidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grauer's Cuckooshrike
Grauer's cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris graueri'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. The name commemorates the German zoologist Rudolf Grauer Rudolf Grauer (20 August 1870, Hellbrunn, Salzburg – 17 December 1927, Vienna) was an Austrian explorer and zoologist. He conducted zoological investigations in British East Africa (present-day Uganda) in 1905, German East Africa in 1907, ... who collected natural history specimens in the Belgian Congo. References Grauer's cuckooshrike Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa Grauer's cuckooshrike Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Campephagidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-breasted Cuckooshrike
The white-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and dry savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to .... References External links * White-breasted cuckooshrike Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds white-breasted cuckooshrike Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa white-breasted c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils. Cuvier's work is considered the foundation of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phylum, phyla and incorporating both fossils and living species into the classification. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction as a fact—at the time, extinction was considered by many of Cuvier's contemporaries to be merely controversial speculation. In his ''Essay on the Theory of the Earth'' (1813) Cuvier proposed that now-extinct species had been wiped out by periodic catastrophic flooding events. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coracina
''Coracina'' is a large genus of birds in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. The genus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-bellied cuckooshrike (''Coracina papuensis'') by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850–1851. The name ''Coracina'' is from the Ancient Greek meaning "little raven", a diminutive of ''korax'' meaning "raven". The genus formerly included many more species. It was split based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010. A major clade was moved to the resurrected genus '' Edolisoma'' and a smaller group of Asian and Indian Ocean species moved to the genus '' Lalage''. The genus contains the following 22 species: * Stout-billed cuckooshrike (''Coracina caeruleogrisea'') * Hooded cuckooshrike (''Coracina longicauda'') * Cerulean cuckooshrike (''Coracina temminckii'') * Pied cuckooshrike (''Coracina bicolor'') * Ground cuc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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