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Cod-THC
Cod-THC (Codeine Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol carbonate) is a synthetic codrug formed by linking tetrahydrocannabinol with codeine via a carbonate bridge. It is well absorbed orally and shows superior analgesic effects in animal studies compared to a simple mixture of the two drugs. See also * Benorilate * Codeine-6-glucuronide * Fenethylline Fenethylline (British Approved Name, BAN, United States Adopted Name, USAN) or fenetylline (International Nonproprietary Name, INN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both. It is also spelled phenethylline; ... * THC-methylcarbonate * THC-O-acetate * THC-VHS References Benzochromenes Cannabinoids Carbonate esters Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Methoxy compounds Nitrogen heterocycles Codrugs {{cannabinoid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codrug
A codrug consists of two drug Moiety (chemistry), moieties, generally "active against the same disease", that are joined through one or more covalent bond, covalent chemical bonds to create a single new chemical entity; they can also be described as a mutual prodrug, recognising that a catabolism, catabolic biosynthesis, biosynthetic step is most often required to liberate the two drugs. While acting against the same disease, the two moities may operate via different mechanism of drug action, mechanisms of action, and so display differing specific therapeutic effects. The recognised advantages of a codrug approach to small molecule drug design include the possibilities of (i) combined efficacies of the two drugs that are therapeutically synergistic, (ii) altered properties that improve the pharmacokinetics (e.g., halflife) of the codrug over its individually administered components (iii) improved modes of drug delivery, and (iv) masking of reactive functional groups of each compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
THC-O-acetate
THC-O-acetate (THC acetate ester, O-acetyl-THC, THC-O, AcO-THC) is the acetate ester of THC. The term ''THC-O-acetate'' and its variations are commonly used for two types of the substance, dependent on which cannabinoid it is synthesized from. The difference between Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC is the location of the double bond within the cyclohexene ring system. Physical data, chemistry, and properties THC acetate ester (THC-O or THCOA) can be synthesized from THC, or from THCA. The acetylation of THC does not change the properties of the compound to the same extent as with other acetate esters, as the parent compound (THC) is already highly lipophilic, but potency is nonetheless increased to some extent. While the acetate ester of Δ9-THC is the best studied, the acetate esters of other isomers, especially Δ8-THC but also Δ10-THC are also known, as are other esters such as THC-O-propionate, THC-O-phosphate, THC hemisuccinate, THC hemiglutarate, THC morpholinylbutyrate, THC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
THC-VHS
THC valine hemisuccinate (THC-VHS, NB-1111, SBI-100) is a synthetic prodrug of tetrahydrocannabinol, developed at the University of Mississippi as a stabilised formulation for ophthalmic administration, for use in the treatment of glaucoma and other eye conditions requiring reduction in intraocular pressure. See also * THC hemisuccinate * THC-O-acetate * THC-O-phosphate * SP-111 * Cod-THC Cod-THC (Codeine Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol carbonate) is a synthetic codrug formed by linking tetrahydrocannabinol with codeine via a carbonate bridge. It is well absorbed orally and shows superior analgesic effects in animal studies compared to a ... References Benzochromenes Cannabinoids Prodrugs Carboxamides {{cannabinoid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
THC-methylcarbonate
THC methylcarbonate (Δ9-THC-methylcarbonate) is a semi-synthetic derivative of tetrahydrocannabinol, first reported as a designer drug in August 2024 when it was identified in a seized shipment by customs in Sweden. Coincidentally, it was the 1000th new psychoactive substance identified by the EU Early Warning System on New Psychoactive Substances, first established in 1997. Related THC carbonates and carbamates have been described as THC prodrugs in the patent literature. See also * Cod-THC * THC-O-acetate THC-O-acetate (THC acetate ester, O-acetyl-THC, THC-O, AcO-THC) is the acetate ester of THC. The term ''THC-O-acetate'' and its variations are commonly used for two types of the substance, dependent on which cannabinoid it is synthesized from. ... * THC hemisuccinate * THC morpholinylbutyrate References Cannabinoids Oxygen heterocycles Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings Carbonate esters Methyl esters {{cannabinoid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analgesic
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management. Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects. Analgesic choice is also determined by the type of pain: For neuropathic pain, recent research has suggested that classes of drugs that are not normally considered analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants may be considered as an alternative. Various analgesics, such as many NSAIDs, are available over the counter in most countries, whereas various others are prescription drugs owing to the substantial risks and high chances of overdose, misuse, and addiction in the absence of medical supervision. Etymology The word ''analgesic'' derive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benorilate
Benorilate ( INN), or benorylate, is an ester-linked codrug of aspirin with paracetamol. It is used as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic medication. In the treatment of childhood fever, it has been shown to be inferior to paracetamol and aspirin taken separately. In addition, because it is converted to aspirin, benorylate is not recommended in children due to concerns about Reye syndrome. Synthesis Acetyl salicoyl chloride (1) is reacted with paracetamol (2) to give benorilate (3). Partial saponification Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and Alcohol (chemistry), alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the ... of benorilate leads to acetaminosalol (phenetsal). References Analgesics Antipyretics Codrugs {{analgesic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codeine-6-glucuronide
Codeine-6-glucuronide (C6G) is a major active metabolite of codeine and may be responsible for as much as 60% of the analgesic effects of codeine. C6G exhibits decreased immunosuppressive effects compared to codeine. During its metabolism, codeine is conjugated with glucuronic acid by the enzyme UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7) to form codeine-6-glucuronide. See also * Morphine-6-glucuronide Morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) is a major active metabolite of morphine. M6G is formed from morphine by the enzyme UGT2B7. It has analgesic effects roughly half that of morphine. M6G can accumulate to toxic levels in kidney failure. History of di ... References {{Opioidergics Mu-opioid receptor agonists 4,5-Epoxymorphinans Opioid metabolites Glucuronide esters Hydroxyarenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fenethylline
Fenethylline (British Approved Name, BAN, United States Adopted Name, USAN) or fenetylline (International Nonproprietary Name, INN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both. It is also spelled phenethylline; other names for it are amphetaminoethyltheophylline and amfetyline. The drug was marketed for use as a psychostimulant under the brand names Captagon, Biocapton, and Fitton. The brand name "Captagon" (or in lowercase as "captagon") is often used Generic drug, generically to describe illicitly produced fenethylline. Fenethylline is now illegal in most countries. It is produced primarily for illicit use, which takes place mainly in the Middle East, with some evidence that it is used by Islamism, Islamist militants and Islamic terrorism, terrorists, as stimulants for gunmen. The illicit global market for the drug was estimated in 2023 to be worth approximately US$ 57 billion. Smuggling of Captagon became Syria's principal export, exceeding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a cannabinoid found in cannabis. It is the principal psychoactive constituent of ''Cannabis'' and one of at least 113 total cannabinoids identified on the plant. Although the chemical formula for THC (C21H30O2) describes multiple isomers, the term ''THC'' usually refers to the delta-9-THC isomer with chemical name (−)-''trans''-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. It is a colorless oil. Medical uses THC, referred to as dronabinol in the pharmaceutical context, is approved in the United States as a capsule or solution to relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia. THC is an active ingredient in nabiximols, a specific extract of ''Cannabis'' that was approved as a botanical drug in the United Kingdom in 2010 as a mouth spray for people with multiple sclerosis to alleviate neuropathic pain, spasticity, overactive bladder, and other symptoms. Nabiximols (as Sativex) is available as a prescription drug in Canada. In 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonate Ester
In organic chemistry, a carbonate ester (organic carbonate or organocarbonate) is an ester of carbonic acid. This functional group consists of a carbonyl group flanked by two alkoxy groups. The general structure of these carbonates is and they are related to esters (), ethers () and also to the inorganic carbonates. Monomers of polycarbonate (e.g. Makrolon or Lexan) are linked by carbonate groups. These polycarbonates are used in eyeglass lenses, compact discs, and bulletproof glass. Small carbonate esters like dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate are used as solvents, dimethyl carbonate is also a mild methylating agent. Structures Carbonate esters have planar OC(OC)2 cores, which confers rigidity. The unique O=C bond is short (1.173 Å in the depicted example), while the C–O bonds are more ether-like (the bond distances of 1.326 Å for the example depicted). Carbonate esters can be divided into three structural classes: acyclic, cyclic, and polym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codeine
Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, ''Papaver somniferum''. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine for those under 12 years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour, with maximum effect at two hours. Its effects last for about four to six hours. Codeine exhibits abuse potential similar to other opioid medications, including a risk of addiction and overdose. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
