Coccosteina

	Coccosteina Coccosteina is an extinct infraorder of placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian.Heintz., Anatol, 1932, The structure of ''Dinichthys'', a contribution to your knowledge of the Arthrodira: In: The Bashford Dean Memorial Volume Archaic Fishes'', edited by Gudger, E. W., article IV, The American Museum of Natural History, 224pp. However, the term is no longer in use, as modern cladistical methods have produced alternative phylogenetic trees of Brachythoraci with new subdivisions. Systematics * Basal genus ''Maideria'' * Basal genus ''Xiangshuiosteus'' * Superfamily Buchanosteoidea ** Family Buchanosteidae * Superfamily Gemuendenaspoidea ** Family Gemuendenaspidae * Superfamily Homosteoidea ** Family Homostiidae * Superfamily Brachydeiroidea Family Brachydeiridae Family Leptosteidae * Superfamily Coccosteoidea Family Pholidosteidae Family Coccosteidae Family Plourdosteidae Family Torosteidae Family Incisoscutidae Family Camuropiscid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Maideria ''Maideria falipoui'' is a long-snouted brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Lower Middle Givetian epoch of Middle Devonian South Morocco, in what is now the Anti-Atlas Mountains. Although ''M. falipoui'' superficially resembles '' Buchanosteus'', albeit with an elongated snout or rostrum, ''M. falipoui'' is considered to be a basal member of the group Coccosteina Coccosteina is an extinct infraorder of placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian.Heintz., Anatol, 1932, The structure of ''Dinichthys'', a contribution to your knowledge of the Arthrodira: In: The Bashford Dean Memorial Volume A ..., thus, it has not yet been given any familial ranking. References Arthrodira enigmatic taxa Placoderms of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1995 Arthrodire genera {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Brachythoraci Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Phylogeny Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii, and then the monophyletic Brachythoraci. Brachythoraci is then further divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae. (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.) Below is a cladogram from the 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... study: References Arthrodires Prehistoric animal suborders Fish suborders {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Homostiidae Homostiidae is a family of flattened arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Middle Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, Russia, Morocco, Australia, Canada and Greenland. Many homostiids have " toothless" jaws, and large sizes. suggesting that many homostiids were probably filter feeders, like the also noticeably flattened Rhincodon typus. All homostiids have flattened and elongated skulls. According to Denison 1978, primitive homostiids have moderately long median dorsal plates, whereas in "advanced" homostiids, the median dorsal tends to be short and broad. Obruchev (1964) placed the following primitive genera ''Euleptaspis'', ''Lophostracon'' and ''Luetkeichthys'' in a separate family, "Euleptaspididae," and Ørvig (1969), claimed that the Euleptaspidids were totally unrelated to Homostiidae proper (i.e., being neither related to, nor ancestral), but, according to Denison, did not clearly explain his reasons why this was so. Genera ''Angarichthys'' A comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Camuropiscidae Camuropiscidae is a family of mostly small, bullet or spindle-shaped extinct arthrodire placoderms from the Late Devonian. With the exception of the snub-nosed '' Simosteus'', camuropiscid placoderms are characterized by an elongated, tubular snout. The entire family is restricted to the Frasnian Gogo Reef Formation of Australia. The camuropiscids' elongated snouts and bullet-shaped bodies are thought to be adaptions for hydrodynamic streamlining. They are assumed to have been mid-water predators of shrimp-like crustaceans. Phylogeny Camuropiscidae is a member of the superfamily Incisoscutoidea, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Incisoscutidae ''Incisoscutum'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian Gogo Reef, from Late Devonian Australia. The genus contains two species ''I. ritchiei'', named after Alex Ritchie, a palaeoichthyologist and senior fellow of the Australian Museum, and ''I. sarahae'', named after Sarah Long, daughter of its discoverer and describer, John A. Long. The genus is important in the study of early vertebrates as well-preserved fossilized embryos have been found in female specimens and ossified pelvic claspers found in males. This shows that viviparity and internal fertilization was common amongst these primitive jawed vertebrates, which are outside the crown group Gnathostomata. In a study of fossil remains, comparison of the ontogeny of fourteen dermal plates from ''Compagopiscis croucheri'' and the more derived species ''Incisoscutum ritchiei'' suggested that lengthwise growth occurs earlier in the ontogeny than growth in width, and that dissociated allome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Coccosteidae Coccosteidae is a family of arthrodire placoderms from the Early to Late Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, North America and China. Phylogeny Coccosteidae belongs to the larger clade Coccosteomorphi, which together with its sister clade Pachyosteomorphi forms the group Eubrachythoraci. The phylogeny of Coccosteidae can be shown in the cladogram below: Genera '' Belgiosteus'' A genus of very large coccosteids. Species are found in Middle Devonian Belgium and China. '' Clarkosteus'' ''Coccosteus'' The type genus of the family. Numerous species are found in Middle to Upper Devonian strata throughout Europe and parts of North America. '' Dickosteus'' '' Jiuchengia'' The earliest known coccosteid from Late Emsian Yunnan province, China. It is distinguished from other coccosteids by having an elongated occipital. '' Livosteus'' A genus of very large coccosteids known from Middle to Late Devonian strata of Eastern Europe. '' Millerosteus'' A genus of ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Coccosteoidea Coccosteoidea is an extinct superfamily of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. Phylogeny Eubrachythoraci is divided into the sister clades Pachyosteomorphi and Coccosteomorphi, the latter of which can be further sub-divided into the two sister superfamilies Coccosteoidea and Incisoscutoidea, as shown in the cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ... below: References {{Taxonbar, from=Q30971248 Arthrodires ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]