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Homostiidae
Homostiidae (alternatively spelled Homosteidae) is a family (biology), family of flattened arthrodire placoderms from the Early Devonian, Early to Middle Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Europe, Russia, Morocco, Australia, Canada and Greenland. Homostiids have flattened and elongated skulls, "Toothlessness, toothless" jaws and large sizes, suggesting that many were probably Suspension feeder, filter feeders, similar to the noticeably flattened whale shark. According to Denison 1978, primitive homostiids have moderately long median dorsal plates, whereas in "advanced" homostiids, the median dorsal tends to be short and broad. Classification The family Homostiidae is considered the Basal (phylogenetics), basal-most grouping within the suborder Brachythoraci, basal to the large sub-clade Eubrachythoraci, which includes the well-known ''Dunkleosteus'', ''Dinichthys'', etc. Homostiidae's placement within Brachythoraci can be shown in the cladogram below: Genera ''Angari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tityosteus
''Tityosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early Emsian of the Early Devonian, with fossils known from Germany, the Ibero-Armorican Trough, and southern Siberia. It attained a length of 2.5 meters. Description ''Tityosteus'' has only an 11 cm right marginal plate known, and margin ends and parts, in addition to the central plate overlap area being broken. However, Denison, 1978 said that it had a nuchal, attaining a length of 25 cm. The book also estimates T. rieversi of reaching lengths of . According to "Tityosteus, A MARINE FISH (ARTHRODIRA, HOMOSTIIDAE) FROM THE EMSIAN OF ARAGÓN, SPAIN, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION", given Tityosteus's distribution, and Carolowilhelma (a pelagic arthrodire), being from similar facies as Tityosteus (Eifelian of Aragón, Spain), it may have been pelagic, and able to cross open waters. Diet While the inferognathals of ''Tityosteus'' have not been found, they could be either "toothless", like '' Homosteus'', which h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhanguura
''Dhanguura'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire from the Early Devonian of Wee Jasper, NSW. It contains the single species ''D. johnstoni''. Etymology ''Dhanguura'' comes from the Aboriginal word "dhanguurr", meaning "fish", in the Wiradjuri tribe's language, because they inhabited the area, west of Wee Jasper. The species name, "johnstoni" is in honor of the discoverer of the genus, Dr. Paul Johnston, who found ''Dhanguura'' in 1993. Description ''Dhanguura'' is known from fossilized remains of an incomplete skull, the nuchal plate 23 cm in length, and the entire headshield estimated at 40 cm. According to the article cited, ''Dhanguura'' probably exceeded the contemporary '' Taemasosteus'' in size. Taxonomy ''Dhanguura'' was thought to be a member of Homostiidae Homostiidae (alternatively spelled Homosteidae) is a family (biology), family of flattened arthrodire placoderms from the Early Devonian, Early to Middle Devonian. Fossils appear in various strata in Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantidosteus
''Atlantidosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Early to Middle Devonian of Morocco and Queensland. It contains two known species, ''A. hollardi'' and ''A. pacifica''. Description ''Atlantidosteus pacifica'' is known from a right suborbital plate, found in the Broken River Group of Queensland, Australia. Phylogeny ''Atlantidosteus'' is part of the clade Migmatocephala, closer related to Homostius, than Antineosteus. {{Clade, style={{Clade , 1=''Tityosteus'' , 0='' Taemasosteus'', 4={{Clade , 1=''Antineosteus References {{Arthrodira, state=E. {{Taxonbar, from=Q21416371 Homostiidae Arthrodire genera Placoderms of Africa Placoderms of Europe ...'' , 2={{Clade , 1=''Atlantidosteus'' , 2='' Homostius'' The cladogram shown here is based on Young, 2003 References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cavanosteus
''Cavanosteus'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from the Emsian of Victoria, and New South Wales, Australia New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. T .... Description ''Cavanosteus'' is known from central plates of the skull, infragnathals with little or no dentition, similar in form to '' Homosteus'', and a bone from the dermal trunk shield. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q116198257 Homostiidae Arthrodire genera Fossil taxa described in 1876 Taxa named by Frederick McCoy Placoderms of Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathlesichthys
''Cathlesichthys'' is an extinct genus of homostiid arthrodire from Wee Jasper, during the Early Devonian. Etymology The generic epithet honors Ian and Helen Cathles, being a compound of their surname combined with the Greek word for fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ... ιχθύς (ichthýs). The specific epithet refers to the location of where it was found ( Wee Jasper). Description ''Cathlesichthys'' is known from an incomplete paranuchal, and nuchal plates, attaining a skull length of around 20 cm. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q116235708 Homostiidae Arthrodire genera Placoderms of Australia Fossil taxa described in 2004 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosteus
''Homosteus'' (also commonly spelled ''Homostius'') is a genus of flattened arthrodire placoderm from the Middle Devonian. Fossils are found primarily in Eifelian-epoch aged strata of Europe, Canada, Greenland, and Estonia. All of the species had comparatively large, flattened heads with, as suggested by the upward opening orbits, upward-pointing eyes. These adaptations suggest that the various species were benthic predators. A study on '' Titanichthys'', in contrast, suggests that species of ''Homosteus'' may have been filter-feeders instead. ''Homosteus'' specimens from the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland are known to be significantly radioactive, on the order of 1.2 * 104 gamma/min/g ic Notably, ''Homosteus'' specimens are the only fish fossils from the Old Red Sandstone to show significant radioactivity. This suggests that these specimens became radioactive from the animals ingesting radioactive isotopes in life (e.g., through ingesting radioactive sediment), rather than rad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placoderm
Placoderms (from Ancient Greek πλάξ [''plax'', ''plakos''] 'Plate (animal anatomy), plate' and δέρμα [''derma''] 'skin') are vertebrate animals of the class (biology), class Placodermi, an extinct group of prehistoric fish known from Paleozoic fossils during the Silurian and the Devonian geological period, periods. While their endoskeletons are mainly cartilaginous, their head and thorax were covered by articulated armour (zoology), armoured plates (hence the name), and the rest of the body was scale (zoology), scaled or naked depending on the species. Placoderms were among the first jawed fish (their fish jaw, jaws likely Evolution, evolved from the first pair of gill arches), as well as the first vertebrates to have true tooth, teeth. They were also the first fish clade to develop pelvic fins, the second set of paired fins and the homology (biology), homologous precursor to hindlimbs in tetrapods. 380-million-year-old fossils of three other genera, ''Incisoscutum'', ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachythoraci
Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Phylogeny Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii, and then the monophyletic Brachythoraci. Brachythoraci is then further divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae. (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.) Below is a cladogram from the 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ... study: References Arthrodires Prehistoric animal suborders Fish suborders {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angarichthys
''Angarichthys hyperboreus'' is an extinct homostiid arthrodire placoderm from the Middle Devonian (either upper Eifelian or lower Givetian) of Siberia. It is known from an infragnathal plate, an intero-lateral plate, and a marginal plate found from the Middle Devonian strata of the Tynep Series formation, in the Bakhta River basin, Tunguska Plateau The Tunguska Plateau () is a mountain plateau in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Siberia, Russia. It is a part of the Central Siberian Plateau. The plateau is located in a largely uninhabited area. This area (the village of Noginsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Noginsk) .... ''A. hyperboreus'' differs from ''Homosteus'' in that the former's marginal plate has a ridge where the central plate would have overlapped it, and in the infragnathal, which is curved sigmoidally, and bears at least seven tooth-like prongs nearer to the functional anterior end (the plate, which is fragmentary, suggests that the intact plate would have borne several more). The livin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocco border, the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to Morocco–Western Sahara border, the south. Morocco also claims the Spain, Spanish Enclave and exclave, exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Plazas de soberanía, Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It has a population of approximately 37 million. Islam is both the official and predominant religion, while Arabic and Berber are the official languages. Additionally, French and the Moroccan dialect of Arabic are widely spoken. The culture of Morocco is a mix of Arab culture, Arab, Berbers, Berber, Culture of Africa, African and Culture of Europe, European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
