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Cicurinidae
Cicurinidae is a family of araneomorph spiders. Taxonomy The taxon was first described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1893 as the subfamily Cicurinae. It was resurrected in 2023, with one genus (''Brommella'') transferred from Dictynidae and two (''Chorizomma'' and ''Cicurina'') from Hahniidae. Phylogeny A 2023 molecular phylogenetic study of the 'marronoid' group of initially nine spider families led to a changed circumscription of some of the families, including two resurrected or new families, Cicurinidae and Macrobunidae. The relationships in the study's maximum likelihood summary tree are shown below. Two genera included in the study, ''Brommella'' and ''Cicurina'', were found to form a monophyletic group, distinct from other families, and were placed in the Cicurinidae. (''Chorizomma'' was later included on morphological grounds.) Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepted four genera: *'' Altimella'' Wang & Z.S. Zhang, 2024 *''Brommella'' Tullgren, 1948 *''Chorizomma'' Si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobunidae
Macrobunidae is a family of araneomorph spiders. It was treated as a subfamily of Amaurobiidae until elevated to a full family based on a 2023 molecular phylogenetic study. Taxonomy A 2023 molecular phylogenetic study of the 'marronoid' group of initially nine spider families led to a changed circumscription of some of the families, including two resurrected or new families, Cicurinidae and Macrobunidae. The relationships in the study's maximum likelihood summary tree are shown below. The subfamily Macrobuninae was originally created as part of the family Amaurobiidae, but in the study was shown to be a monophyletic group well removed from Amaurobiidae. Accordingly it was raised to family rank. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera, all formerly placed in the family Amaurobiidae: *''Anisacate'' Mello-Leitão, 1941 *''Auximella'' Strand, 1908 *''Callevopsis'' Tullgren, 1902 *''Cavernocymbium'' Ubick, 2005 *''Chresiona'' Simon, 1903 *''Chumma'' Jocqué, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stiphidiidae
Stiphidiidae, also called sheetweb spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described in 1917. Most species are medium size (''Stiphidion facetum'' is about long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in New Zealand and Australia except for '' Asmea''. They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders". The largest of New Zealand's species is ''Cambridgea foliata'', with a body length up to and a span of up to . Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel. It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Aorangia'' Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand *'' Asm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cribellum
Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cicurina
''Cicurina'', also called the cave meshweaver, is a genus of dwarf sheet spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1871. Originally placed with the funnel weavers, it was moved to the Dictynidae in 1967, then to the Hahniidae in 2017. The name is from the Latin root "cucur-", meaning "to tame". Body size varies widely among the species. Among the smallest is ''C. minorata'', growing less than long. The larger species include ''C. ludoviciana'', some of which have grown to over long. Species it contains 136 species in North America, Europe, and Asia: *'' C. aenigma'' Gertsch, 1992 – USA *'' C. alpicora'' Barrows, 1945 – USA *'' C. anhuiensis'' Chen, 1986 – China *'' C. arcata'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1940 – USA *'' C. arcuata'' Keyserling, 1887 – USA, Canada *'' C. arizona'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1940 – USA *'' C. arkansa'' Gertsch, 1992 – USA *'' C. armadillo'' Gertsch, 1992 – USA *'' C. atomaria'' Simon, 1898 – USA *'' C. avicularia'' Li, 2017 – C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorizomma
''Chorizomma'' is a monotypic genus of European dwarf sheet spiders containing the single species, ''Chorizomma subterraneum''. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1872, and has only been found in Spain and France. Originally placed with the funnel weavers, it was moved to the Dictynidae Dictynidae is a family of cribellate, hackled band-producing spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871. Most build irregular webs on or near the ground, creating a tangle of silken fibers among several branches or stems of one ... in 1967, and to the Hahniidae in 2017. References Spiders of Europe Hahniidae Monotypic Araneomorphae genera Taxa named by Eugène Simon {{Dictynidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brommella
''Brommella'' is a genus of cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Dictynidae, and was first described by Albert Tullgren in 1948. Species it contains twenty-two species: *'' Brommella baiseensis'' Li, 2017 – China *'' Brommella bishopi'' (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1958) – USA *'' Brommella casseabri'' Li, 2017 – China *'' Brommella chongzuoensis'' Li, 2017 – China *'' Brommella digitata'' Lu, Chen & Zhang, 2015 – China *'' Brommella dolabrata'' Li, 2017 – China *''Brommella falcigera'' (Balogh, 1935) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – Europe, Turkey, Iran? *'' Brommella funaria'' Li, 2017 – China *'' Brommella hellenensis'' Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece *'' Brommella josephkohi'' Li, 2017 – China *'' Brommella lactea'' (Chamberlin & Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of individual web pages in 2000, created by Norman I. Platnick Norman Ira Platnick (December 30, 1951 – April 8, 2020) was an American biological systematist and arachnologist. At the time of his death, he was a professor emeritus of the Richard Gilder Graduate School and Peter J. Solomon Family Curator Em ... of the American Museum of Natural History. After Platnick's retirement in 2014, the Natural History Museum of Bern (Switzerland) took over the catalog, converting it to a relational database. , 50,151 accepted species were listed. The order Araneae (spiders) has the seventh-most species of all orders. The existence of the World Spider Catalog makes spiders the largest taxon with an online listing that is updated regularly. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxopidae
Toxopidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders, first described in 1940. For many years it was sunk into Desidae as a subfamily, although doubts were expressed as to whether this was correct. A large-scale molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 led to the family being revived. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Gasparia'' Marples, 1956 – New Zealand *'' Gohia'' Dalmas, 1917 – New Zealand *''Hapona'' Forster, 1970 – New Zealand *''Hulua'' Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand *'' Jamara'' Davies, 1995 – Australia *'' Laestrygones'' Urquhart, 1894 – New Zealand, Australia *''Lamina'' Forster, 1970 – New Zealand *''Midgee'' Davies, 1995 – Australia *'' Myro'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 – Australia, New Zealand *'' Neomyro'' Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand *'' Ommatauxesis'' Simon, 1903 – Australia *''Otagoa'' Forster, 1970 – New Zealand *''Toxops ''Toxops'' is a monotypic genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cybaeidae
Cybaeidae is a family of spiders first described by Nathan Banks in 1892. The diving bell spider or water spider ''Argyroneta aquatica'' was previously included in this family, but is now in the family Dictynidae. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following extant genera: *'' Allocybaeina'' Bennett, 2020 *'' Blabomma'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1937 — United States, Korea *'' Calymmaria'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1937 — United States, Canada, Mexico *''Cedicoides'' Charitonov, 1946 — Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan *'' Cedicus'' Simon, 1875 — Asia *''Cryphoeca'' Thorell, 1870 — Asia, Europe, North America *'' Cryphoecina'' Deltshev, 1997 — Montenegro *''Cybaeina'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1932 — United States *'' Cybaeota'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — United States, Canada *'' Cybaeozyga'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1937 — United States *'' Cybaeus'' L. Koch, 1868 — Asia, North America, Europe, Peru *''Dirksia'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 — United States, France *''Ethobu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
