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Chijegyo
''Chijegyo'' () was the title of a government position during Korea's Joseon period. ''Chijegyo'' worked to execute edicts of the king. History The position was created during the Goryeo period, under the name ''Chijego'' (). Goryeo's successor Joseon had two subdivisions of the position: Inner Chijegyo were officers of the Sŭngjŏngwŏn and Outer Chijegyo were ten elected subjects of the . Sejong the Great later permitted bachelors of Jiphyeonjeon to take hold of outer jijegyo altogether with their original duty, whereas in 1430, he again transformed the guideline, which allowed bachelors to be inner jijegyo, with personnel of outer jijegyo being elected as the same way as before. Since Jinhyeojeon had gone through innovative doctrine with establishment of Hongmungwan, the personnel of Hongmungwan came to hold 13 seats of chijegyo simultaneously, whereas another officers were elected in a separate division. By late 18th century, the meaning of "Inner Chijegyo" became shift ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Yalu River, Amnok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally Buddhists faced persecution. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the Korean peninsula and saw the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korea, Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unification" by Korean historians as it not only unified the Later Three Kingdoms but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to Korean historians, it was during the Goryeo period that the individual identities of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were successfully merged into a single entity that became the basis of the modern-day Koreans, Korean identity. The name "Korea" is derived from the name of Goryeo, also romanized as Koryŏ, which was first used in the early 5th century by Goguryeo; Goryeo was a successor state to Later Goguryeo and Goguryeo. Throughout its existence, Goryeo, alongside Unified S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sŭngjŏngwŏn
Sŭngjŏngwŏn (), or Royal Secretariat, was the royal administrative office during the Joseon dynasty responsible for receiving and delivering the king's orders. The office was also called Chŏngwŏn (), Huwŏn (), Ŭndae (), or Taeŏnsa (). According to the ''Kyŏngguk taejŏn'' (Complete Codes of Law), the Sŭngjŏngwŏn had six royal secretaries (), whose ranks were in the 3rd senior grade, as well as two recorders (). The duties of the royal secretaries were primarily to deliver the monarch's orders to government organizations (under the Joseon administrative system the monarch never delivered his orders directly to any government office) and to report on official affairs of the state organizations to the throne. The six secretary system is explained by the fact that the government of Joseon was composed of six boards (or ministries). The six secretaries served respectively the Boards of Personnel, War, Taxation, Rites, Works, and Punishment. However, the secretaries were not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejong The Great
Sejong (; 15 May 1397 – 8 April 1450), commonly known as Sejong the Great (), was the fourth monarch of the Joseon, Joseon dynasty of Korea. He is regarded as the greatest ruler in Korean history, and is remembered as the inventor of Hangul, the native alphabet of the Korean language. Initially titled Grand Prince Chungnyeong (), he was the third son of Taejong of Joseon, King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong. In 1418, Sejong replaced his eldest brother, Grand Prince Yangnyeong, Yi Che, as crown prince; a few months later, Taejong voluntarily abdicated the throne in Sejong's favor. In the early years of Sejong's reign, Taejong of Joseon, King Emeritus Taejong retained vast powers, most notably absolute executive and military power, and continued to govern until his death in 1422. Sejong reinforced Korean Confucianism, Korean Confucian and Neo-Confucianism, neo-Confucian policies, and enacted major legal amendments (). He personally created and promulgated the Hangul, Korean alp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiphyeonjeon
The Hall of Worthies, or Jiphyeonjeon (; ), was a Korean royal research institute during the Joseon period. It was founded by King Sejong the Great in the 3rd month of 1420, and dissolved in the 6th month of 1456. The Hall of Worthies is known for its role in compiling the Hunminjeongeum, the original treatise on Hangul. History Sejong established the institution early in his reign and staffed it with talented scholars. He instructed them to conduct a variety of research activities to strengthen his rule and the nation. The Hall of Worthies originally functioned as a royal advisory body, but King Sejong restructured it and expanded its role to include academic research. Early in King Sejong's reign, the Hall of Worthies served as a legislative system, but its role eventually grew to hold discussions regarding Joseon's national policy. The Hall of Worthies would also later act as an organ of the press. The workplace of the scholars from the Hall of Worthies was located in the Gw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongmungwan
Hongmun'gwan (), or the Office of Special Advisors, was one of the Three Offices of Joseon; it acted as the Joseon dynasty's administrative and research agency. History Hongmun'gwan was one of the Three offices of Joseon, together with the Saheonbu and the Saganwon. It was also known as the ''Ok-dang'' (옥당, 玉堂), ''Ok-seo'' (옥서, 玉署), and ''Yeong-gak'' (영각, 瀛閣). It was established in 1463 to replace the Hall of Worthies (Jiphyeonjeon·집현전). The Hall of Worthies was the body originally tasked with answering the kings' questions, however it was abolished in 1456 by King Sejo; when many of its key officials (the " Six martyred ministers") became involved in an assassination plot in their effort to restore deposed king Danjong to the throne. The books stored in the Hall of Worthies were moved to Yemungwan. In 1463, the Jangseogak was renamed the Hongmun'gwan. In 1478, Hongmun'gwan was divided and reformed from Yemungwan. Hongmun'gwan maintaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chŏng Tojŏn
Chŏng Tojŏn (; October 6, 1342 – October 6, 1398), also known by his art name Sambong (), was a prominent Korean scholar-official during the late Goryeo to the early Joseon periods. Chŏng Tojŏn was an adviser to the Joseon founder Yi Sŏnggye and also the principal architect of the Joseon dynasty's policies, laying down the kingdom's ideological, institutional, and legal frameworks which would govern it for five centuries. He was killed by prince Yi Pangwŏn in 1398 over a conflict regarding the succession of Taejo. Biography Background and early career Chŏng Tojŏn was born from a noble family, the Bonghwa Chŏng clan (), in Yeongju, Goryeo. His maternal grandmother was a slave according to the Veritable Records, though the credibility of this account is called into question. His family had emerged from commoner status some four generations before, and slowly climbed up the ladder of government service. His father was the first in the family to obtain a high post. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Joseon
The politics of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897, were governed by the reigning ideology of Korean Confucianism, a form of Neo-Confucianism. Political struggles were common between different factions of the scholar-officials. Purges frequently resulted in leading political figures being sent into exile or condemned to death. The political system of this period was dominated by a Confucianist bureaucracy. The government officials were ranked in 18 levels, ranging from senior first rank (''jeong-il-pum'', ) down to junior ninth rank (''jong-gu-pum'', ) based on seniority and promotion, which was achieved through the royal decree based on examinations and recommendations. The power of the bureaucrats often eclipsed that of the central authorities, including the monarch. For much of the dynasty, a complex system of checks and balances prevented any one section of the government from gaining overwhelming power until the 19th century when political power became con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
