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Charassognathidae
Charassognathidae is an extinct family of basal cynodonts known from the Late Permian of South Africa and Zambia. It was named in 2016 by the palaeontologist Christian F. Kammerer, who defined it as all taxa more closely related to '' Charassognathus gracilis'' than to ''Dvinia prima ''Dvinia'' is an extinct genus of cynodonts found in the Salarevo Formation of Sokolki on the Northern Dvina River near Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is the only known member of the family Dviniidae. Its fossil remains date from th ...'', '' Galesaurus planiceps'' or '' Procynosuchus delaharpeae''. The family contains the genera ''Charassognathus'', '' Abdalodon'' and '' Nshimbodon'', with the latter two making up the subfamily Abdalodontinae. References Prehistoric cynodonts Prehistoric therapsid families Taxa named by Christian F. Kammerer {{Paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuchiapingian
In the geologic timescale, the Wuchiapingian or Wujiapingian (from in the Liangshan area of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) is an age or stage of the Permian. It is also the lower or earlier of two subdivisions of the Lopingian Epoch or Series. The Wuchiapingian spans the time between and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Capitanian and followed by the Changhsingian. Regional stages with which the Wuchiapingian is coeval or overlaps include the Djulfian or Dzhulfian, Longtanian, Rustlerian, Saladoan, and Castilian. Stratigraphic definitions The Wuchiapingian was first used in 1962, when the Lopingian Series of southwestern China was divided in the Changhsingian and Wuchiapingian Formations. In 1973 the Wuchiapingian was first used as a chronostratigraphic unit (i.e. a stage, as opposed to a formation, which is a lithostratigraphic unit). The base of the Wuchiapingian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the conodont species '' Clarkin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdalodon Diastematicus
''Abdalodon'' is an extinct genus of late Permian cynodonts, known by its only species ''A. diastematicus.'' ''Abdalodon'' together with the genus '' Charassognathus'', form the clade Charassognathidae. This clade represents the earliest known cynodonts, and is the first known radiation of Permian cynodonts. ''Abdalodon diastematicus'' is known from one crushed fossil skull from the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Of all Permian Therapsids, cynodonts are among the most rare (Biarmosuchians being the only therapsids being of comparable rarity). The fossil record of Permian cynodonts is characterized by a long ghost lineage. ''Abdalodon'' has been important for discerning the early evolution of cynodonts. ''Abdalodon'', and its sister taxa ''Charassognathus'' are both small bodied animals, ''Abdalodon'' having a skull around six centimeters in length and the ''Charassognathus'' skull being slightly smaller. This suggests that early cynodont evolution occurred at small body size, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynodont
The cynodonts () ( clade Cynodontia) are a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Cynodonts had a wide variety of lifestyles, including carnivory and herbivory. Mammals are cynodonts, as are their extinct ancestors and close relatives, having evolved from advanced probainognathian cynodonts during the Late Triassic. All other cynodont lines went extinct, with the last known non-mammalian cynodont group, the Tritylodontidae, having its youngest records in the Early Cretaceous. Description Early cynodonts have many of the skeletal characteristics of mammals. The teeth were fully differentiated and the braincase bulged at the back of the head. Outside of some crown-group mammals (notably the therians), all cynodonts probably laid eggs. The temporal fenestrae were much larger than those of their ancestors, and the widening of the zygomatic ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nshimbodon
''Nshimbodon'' is an extinct genus of basal cynodonts belonging to the family Charassognathidae. Its only known species is ''Nshimbodon muchingaensis'', which was named in 2020 based on remains discovered in the Late Permian-aged Madumabisa Mudstone Formation of Zambia. It is known from a single specimen, which consists of a partial skull and several postcranial bones, including parts of the shoulder girdle The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists ... and forelimbs. References Prehistoric cynodont genera Lopingian synapsids of Africa Fossils of Zambia Fossil taxa described in 2020 {{Paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Permian
Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics Music * ''Late'' (album), a 2000 album by The 77s * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late" (song), a song by Blue Angel * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Late may refer to a person who is Dead See also * * * ''Lates'', a genus of fish in the lates perch family * Later (other) * Tardiness * Tardiness (scheduling) In scheduling, tardiness is a measure of a delay in exe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charassognathus
''Charassognathus'' (meaning 'notched jaw') is an extinct genus of Late Permian cynodonts. Described in 2007 from a locality near Fraserburg, South Africa, ''Charassognathus'' is one of the earliest and most basal cynodonts. It is known only from the holotype, which dates from the Late Permian Period. The type and only species is ''C. gracilis''. The holotype (SAM-PK-K 10369), found in the ''Tropidostoma'' Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, is made up of a crushed skull, partial lower jaw and one leg. ''Charassognathus'' was a quadrupedal predator. It was named for a notch on its coronoid process which most likely was the insertion point for a chewing muscle, the adductor mandibulae externus. ''Charassognathus'' was a small animal, with a skull only in length. Since the body of ''Charassognathus'' has not been discovered, its full length remains unknown, but estimates have been made at . Description ''Charassognathus'' has a snout that makes up slightly less than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zambia
Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most central point. Its neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe and Botswana to the south, Namibia to the southwest, and Angola to the west. The capital city of Zambia is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of Zambia. The nation's population of around 19.5 million is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the north, the core economic hubs of the country. Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples, the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century. Following the arrival of European explorers in the eighteenth century, the British colonised the region into the British protectorates of Barotseland-No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charassognathus Gracilis
''Charassognathus'' (meaning 'notched jaw') is an extinct genus of Late Permian cynodonts. Described in 2007 from a locality near Fraserburg, South Africa, ''Charassognathus'' is one of the earliest and most basal cynodonts. It is known only from the holotype, which dates from the Late Permian Period. The type and only species is ''C. gracilis''. The holotype (SAM-PK-K 10369), found in the ''Tropidostoma'' Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, is made up of a crushed skull, partial lower jaw and one leg. ''Charassognathus'' was a quadrupedal predator. It was named for a notch on its coronoid process which most likely was the insertion point for a chewing muscle, the adductor mandibulae externus. ''Charassognathus'' was a small animal, with a skull only in length. Since the body of ''Charassognathus'' has not been discovered, its full length remains unknown, but estimates have been made at . Description ''Charassognathus'' has a snout that makes up slightly less than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvinia Prima
''Dvinia'' is an extinct genus of cynodonts found in the Salarevo Formation of Sokolki on the Northern Dvina River near Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is the only known member of the family Dviniidae. Its fossil remains date from the Late Permian and were found with '' Inostrancevia'', ''Scutosaurus'' and '' Vivaxosaurus''. ''Dvinia'' was a small omnivore possessing a large temporal opening typical of advanced therapsids, with a thin postorbital bar separating the eye from the muscle attachment. As a cynodont, it was closely related to mammals. The dentition consisted of a set of small incisors followed by 2 canines and 10-14 postcanines. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Further reading * Patricia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galesaurus Planiceps
''Galesaurus'' (from the Greek roots for 'weasel' and 'lizard') is an extinct genus of carnivorous cynodont therapsid that lived between the Induan and the Olenekian stages of the Early Triassic in what is now South Africa. It was incorrectly classified as a dinosaur by Sir Richard Owen in 1859. Notably, ''Galesaurus'' was mentioned in the first issue of Nature in 1869, where T. H. Huxley erroneously expressed confidence that it would eventually be shown to be a dinosaur. Description The largest ''Galesaurus'' skull discovered is roughly long. Larger remains indicate that an adult ''Galesaurus'' is roughly long. Cynodonts, including ''Galesaurus,'' are believed to have had sprawling postures. Examination of ''Galesaurus'' reveals two distinct morphs, a gracile and a robust morph. The main differences between the two morphs lie in the pectoral and pelvic girdles, as well as subtle differences in the fore and hind limbs. The morphological differences may be due to sexual dimo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
