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Border Karelia
Ladoga Karelia (, , , Карельское Приладожье, ''Karelskoje Priladožje'' or Северное Приладожье, ''Severnoje Priladožje'') is a historical region of Karelia, currently largely in Russia. Today, the term refers to the part of the Republic of Karelia in the Russian Federation comprising the south-west part of the Republic, specifically Lakhdenpokhsky District, Pitkyarantsky District and Sortavala District. This region is on the northern littoral of Lake Ladoga, which borders Olonets Karelia to the East, Leningrad Oblast (Karelian Isthmus) to the south-west and the North Karelia region of Finland to the west. History When state formation first began in the region, Ladoga Karelia belonged to the Novgorod Republic; thereafter it came under Russian rule, as part of Kexholm County. Along with Kexholm County, Ladoga Karelia was transferred to Sweden through the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617. Sweden lost Ladoga Karelia to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Nystad
The Treaty of Nystad, or the Treaty of Uusikaupunki, was the last peace treaty of the Great Northern War of 1700–1721. It was concluded between the Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire on in the then Swedish town of Nystad (, in the south-west of present-day Finland). Sweden had settled with the other parties in Stockholm (1719 and 1720) and in Frederiksborg (1720). During the war Peter I of Russia had occupied all Swedish possessions on the eastern Baltic coast: Swedish Ingria (where he began to build the soon-to-be Russian capital of St. Petersburg in 1703), Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia (which had capitulated in 1710), and Finland. In Nystad, King Frederick I of Sweden formally recognized the transfer of Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and Southeast Finland ( Kexholms län and part of Karelian Isthmus) to Russia in exchange for two million silver thaler, while Russia returned the bulk of Finland to Swedish rule. The Treaty enshrined the rights of the Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simpele
Simpele is an urban area and a former municipality of Finland in the South Karelia region, originally in the Viipuri Province and after the Second World War, the Kymi Province. It was consolidated with Rautjärvi in 1973, becoming its new administrative center. Simpele is an industrial area specializing in forestry. Over half of Rautjärvi's population lives in Simpele. Geography Simpele is located at the southern end of Simpelejärvi lake and grew around Simpele papermill founded next to the outlet river of the lake. Although Simpele is named after Simpelejärvi, the lake is mostly located within Parikkala. The municipality bordered Rautjärvi and Parikkala. Before the concessions of the Second World War, it also bordered Hiitola. Like Parikkala, Saari and Uukuniemi, Simpele is traditionally seen as belonging to Ladoga Karelia. The distance to Imatra is 40 km, while the distance to Lappeenranta and Savonlinna is 80 km. History The original settlements in the area were t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uukuniemi
Uukuniemi is a former municipality of Finland. It was located in the province of Southern Finland and was part of the South Karelia region. The municipality had a population of 516 (2003) and it covered an area of 156.58 km² of which 54.88 km² was water. The population density was 5.1 inhabitants per km². The village of Niukkala was the former administrative center of Uukuniemi. The municipality was unilingually Finnish. It was annexed with municipalities of Saari and Parikkala Parikkala () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia regions of Finland, region, from Lappeenranta and from Joensuu. The town ce ... on January 1, 2005. The new municipality was named Parikkala. External links Parikkala, Saari and Uukuniemi Former municipalities of Finland Parikkala Populated places disestablished in 2005 2005 disestablishments in Finland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saari, Finland
Saari (literally ''Island'') is a List of former municipalities of Finland, former municipality of Finland. It was located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia regions of Finland, region. The municipality had a population of 1,411 (2003) and covered an area of 183.08 km2 of which 15.70 km2 is water. The population density was 8.4 inhabitants per km2. The municipality was unilingually Finnish language, Finnish. Saari was annexed to Parikkala and Uukuniemi municipalities on 1 January 2005. The new municipality was named Parikkala. Notable people *Aleksanteri Aava (1883–1956), poet *Jorma Härkönen (born 1956), middle-distance runner *Olavi Litmanen (born 1945), footballer and the father of Jari Litmanen *Suvi Mikkonen (born 1988), taekwondo practitioner * (born 1934), philologist and university teacher External links Parikkala, Saari and Uukuniemi Populated places disestablished in 2005 Former municipa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parikkala
Parikkala () is a municipalities of Finland, municipality of Finland located in the provinces of Finland, province of Southern Finland and is part of the South Karelia regions of Finland, region, from Lappeenranta and from Joensuu. The town center of Parikkala is about from the Finland–Russia border, Russian border. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . Parikkala is located around lake rautjärvi, Simpele and it is a part of a countryside rich with hills and chains of ridges. The municipality is unilingually Finnish language, Finnish. History Settlements and artifacts dated to the Stone Age and Bronze Age have been found in Parikkala. A permanent settlement was established around the 15th century. Many demarcations had a significant impact to Parikkala's development from the Treaty of Nöteborg on August 12, 1323, to peace treaties signed in 1947 with the Soviet Union; for example, in the Treaty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Karelia
South Karelia (or ''Southern Karelia'', ; ) is a Regions of Finland, region of Finland. It borders the regions of Kymenlaakso, Southern Savonia, South Savo and North Karelia, as well as Russia (Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast). Historical province ''For history, geography and culture see: Finnish Karelia'' Heraldry The coat of arms of South Karelia is composed of the arms of Finnish Karelia, Karelia. Nature The ground in the region consists of loose soil types accumulated on top of bedrock during the Last Glacial Period, last ice age, as the ice sheet retreated to the northwest. The soil shaped by the Last Glacial Period, Ice Age is still clearly visible in the South Karelian environment and scenery. The greatest natural wonder in South Karelia consists of the parallel dividers called Salpausselkä, which transect the region, and their large edge formations. At its steepest, the divider plunges into Lake Saimaa in Kyläniemi village of Taipalsaari. The variable t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 September 1944 with the Moscow Armistice. The Soviet Union and Finland had previously fought the Winter War from 1939 to 1940, which ended with the Soviet failure to conquer Finland and the Moscow Peace Treaty. Numerous reasons have been proposed for the Finnish decision to invade, with regaining territory lost during the Winter War regarded as the most common. Other justifications for the conflict include Finnish President Risto Ryti's vision of a Greater Finland and Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim's desire to annex East Karelia. The following paragraph contains a bundle of cites for the Finnish participation in the siege of Leningrad, which is a commonly debated complex issue in the article (see talk).--> On 22 June 1941 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March. It marked the end of the 105-day Winter War, upon which Finland ceded border areas to the Soviet Union. The treaty was signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Andrei Zhdanov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky for the Soviet Union, and Risto Ryti, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Rudolf Walden and Väinö Voionmaa for Finland. The terms of the treaty were not reversed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Karelian question refers to the debate within Finland over the possible reacquisition of this ceded territory. Background The Winter War began on 30 November 1939 with the Soviet invasion of Finland. On 29 January 1940, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov put an end to the puppet Terijoki Government and recognized the Ryti– Tanner government as the legal government of Finland, informing it that the Soviet Union was willing to negotiate p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winter War
The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength, especially in tanks and aircraft, the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from its organization. The Soviets made several demands, including that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security reasonsprimarily the protection of Leningrad, from the Finnish border. When Finland refused, the Soviets invaded. Most sources conclude that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland, and cite the establishment of the Finnish Democratic Republic, puppet Finnish Communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an Autonomous region, autonomous state within the Russian Empire. Originating in the 16th century as a titular grand duchy held by the Monarchy of Sweden, King of Sweden, the country became autonomous after its annexation by Russia in the Finnish War of 1808–1809. The Grand Duke of Finland was the House of Romanov, Romanov Emperor of Russia, represented by the Governor-General of Finland, Governor-General. Due to the governmental structure of the Russian Empire and Finnish initiative, the Grand Duchy's autonomy expanded until the end of the 19th century. The Senate of Finland, founded in 1809, became the most important governmental organ and the precursor to the modern Government of Finland, the Supreme Court of Finland, and the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland. Economic, social and political changes in the Grand Duchy of Finland paralleled those in the Russian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
