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Ashi Dnyaneshwari
Ashi (Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬌 ''aṣ̌i/arti'') is the Avestan language word for the Zoroastrian concept of "that which is attained." As the hypostasis of "reward," "recompense," or "capricious luck," ''Ashi'' is also a divinity in the Zoroastrian hierarchy of ''yazata''s. Nomenclature Avestan 'ashi' is a feminine abstract noun, deriving from the root ''ar-'', "to allot," with a substantivizing ''-ta'' suffix, hence ''aṣ̌i/arti'' "that which is granted." In the Avesta, the term implies both material and spiritual recompense. Although conceptually older than Zoroastrianism, Ashi has no attested equivalent in Vedic Sanskrit. The late Middle Persian equivalent as attested in the Zoroastrian texts of the 9th-12th century is ''ard-'', which is subject to confusion with another ''ard'' for '' aṣ̌a/arta-'' "truth". In the younger Avesta, divinified ''Ashi'' is also referred to Ashi Vanuhi or Ashi Vanghuhi (''Aši vaηuhī'', nominative ''Ašiš vaηuhī'' "Good Reward"), the Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avestan
Avestan ( ) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family and was First language, originally spoken during the Avestan period, Old Iranian period ( – 400 BCE) by the Arya (Iran), Iranians living in the Avestan geography, eastern portion of Greater Iran. After Avestan Language death, became extinct, its religious texts were first transmitted Oral literature, orally until being collected and Sasanian Avesta, put into writing during the Sasanian empire, Sasanian period ( – 500 CE). The Avesta, extant material falls into two Variety (linguistics), groups: Old Avestan ( – 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan ( – 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sraosha
Sraosha ( or ; ), is the Avestan name of the Zoroastrian '' yazata'' of "Conscience" and "Observance", which is also the literal meaning of his name. In the Middle Persian commentaries of the 9th-12th centuries, the divinity appears as '', S(a)rosh''. This form appears in many variants in New Persian as well, for example , ''Sorūsh''. Unlike many of the other Yazatas (concepts that are "worthy of adoration"), Soroush is also frequently referred to as the "Angel of Conscience" or "Voice of Conscience", which overlaps with both of his role as the "Teacher of Daena", Daena being the hypostasis of both "Conscience" and "Religion" and Guardian/Companion over the Chinvat Bridge. Soroush is also the Persian name of the angel Gabriel in Abrahamic religions and the angel Jibril in Islam. In scripture In Zoroaster's revelation Soroush is already attested in the Gathas, the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism and believed to have been composed by Zoroaster himself. In these earliest t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardoxšo
Ardoksho (Bactrian script Αρδοχϸο), also Romanised as Ardochsho, Ardokhsho and Ardoxsho, the Iranic goddess of wealth was a female deity of the Kushan Empire, in Central and South Asia during the early part of the 1st millennium CE. She is considered as an east Iranian goddess and alternate name of Lakshmi. She is known in the Avesta as Ashi. She has often been regarded as analogous to the deity Hariti, found in some varieties of Buddhism. Analogies have also been drawn with the Persian goddess Anahita, the Greek Tyche, the Roman Fortuna and the Hindu Shri. During the middle of the Kushan era, Ardoksho was usually the only deity other than a male counterpart, Oesho, depicted on Kushan coins. File:Kushan king Huvishka coin.jpg, Coin of Huvishka (150–180 CE), with standing Ardoksho and her name in Greek script. File:Vasishka. Circa 222-240 CE with goddess Ardoksho enthroned.jpg, Coin of Vasishka (222-240 CE) with goddess Ardoksho enthroned, and her name in Greek script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (– CE) was a Syncretism, syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of what is now Afghanistan, Eastern Iran, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Kushan territory in India went at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath, now near Varanasi district, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great. The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation, an Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharians, Tocharian origin, who migrated from northwestern China (Xinjiang and Gansu) and settled in ancient Bactria. The founder of the dynasty, Kujula Kadphises, followed Iranian and Greek cultural ideas and iconography after the Greco-Bactrian tradition and was a follower of the Shaivism, Shaivite sect of Hinduism. Two later Kushan kings, Vima Kadphises and Vasudeva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kushan King Huvishka Coin
''Kushan'' or Kushana may refer to: * Kushan Empire, an Indian empire * Kushan art, the art of the Kushan Empire * Kushan coinage, the coinage of the Kushan Empire * Kushan script, a partially deciphered writing system, used to record a language related to Bactrian * Kushan Nandy, an Indian film producer * Kushana Bush, a New Zealand artist * Kushana Bha, Hindu mythological king * Kushan-e Pain, village in Sistan and Baluchistan, Iran See also * Kusha (other) Kusha may refer to: * Kusha, One of the lineages of Chandravamsha Kshatriyas * Kusha-shū (Buddhism), one of six schools of Japanese Buddhism in the Nara period * Kusha (Ramayana), in Hindu mythology, one of the twin sons of Lord Rama and Sita * ... * Kashan (other) * Kasana (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrian Calendar
Adherents of Zoroastrianism use three distinct versions of traditional calendars for Zoroastrian festivals, liturgical purposes. Those all derive from Middle Ages, medieval Iranian calendars and ultimately are based on the Babylonian calendar as used in the Achaemenid empire. ''Qadimi'' ("ancient") is a traditional reckoning introduced in 1006. ''Shahanshahi'' ("imperial") is a calendar reconstructed from the 10th century text ''Denkard''. ''Fasli'' is a term for a 1906 adaptation of the 11th century Jalali calendar following a proposal by Kharshedji Rustomji Cama made in the 1860s. A number of Calendar eras are in use: *A tradition of counting years from the Date of Zoroaster, birth of Zoroaster was reported from India in the 19th century. There was a dispute between factions variously preferring an era of 389 BCE, 538 BCE, or 637 BCE. *The "Yazdegerdi era" (also ''Yazdegirdi'' or ''Yazdgerdi'') counts from the accession of the last Sassanid ruler, Yazdegerd III (16 June 632 CE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahi
Jahi is the Avestan language name of Zoroastrianism's demoness of "lasciviousness." As a hypostatic entity, Jahi is variously interpreted as "hussy," "rake," " libertine," "courtesan" and "one who leads a licentious life." Her standard epithet is "the Whore." In Zoroastrian tradition characterized as the consort of Ahriman and the cause of the menstrual cycle. In scripture In the hymn to ''Haoma'', the devotee rejects the temptations of the "polluting whore" who "sits down devouring Haoma's sacrificial offering". In the hymn to ''Asha'', the Holy term ('' manthra spenta'') is an effective remedy against Jahi and other noxious creatures. In the hymn to Ashi (not to be confused with Asha), "Fortune" wails about how shamed she is by Jahi's improper actions. Jahi is characterized in the ''Vendidad'' as causing Ahura Mazda "the most grief". "Her gaze takes the colors away from a third of orld. It also contains an oblique reference to Jahi's cosmological role as the killer of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithra
Mithra ( ; ) is an ancient Iranian deity ('' yazata'') of covenants, light, oaths, justice, the Sun, contracts, and friendship. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth (''Asha''), and the guardian of cattle, the harvest, and the Waters. The Romans attributed their Mithraic mysteries to Zoroastrian Persian sources relating to Mithra. Since the early 1970s, the dominant scholarship has noted dissimilarities between the Persian and Roman traditions, making it, at most, the result of Roman ''perceptions'' of Zoroastrian ideas. Etymology Together with the Vedic common noun ''mitra'', the Avestan common noun ''miθra'' derives from Proto-Indo-Iranian '' *mitrám'' (Mitra), from the root ''*mi-'' "to bind", with the "tool suffix" ''-tra-'' "causing to". Thus, etymologically ''mitra''/''miθra'' means "that which causes binding", preserved in the Avestan word for "Covenant, Contract, Oath". In Middle Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aredvi Sura Anahita
Anahita is the Old Persian form of the name of an Iranian goddess and appears in complete and earlier form as ('), the Avestan name of an Indo-Iranian cosmological figure venerated as the divinity of "the Waters" ( Aban) and hence associated with fertility, healing and wisdom. There is also a temple named Anahita in Iran. Aredvi Sura Anahita is ''Ardwisur Anahid'' (اردویسور آناهید) in Middle and Modern Persian, and ''Anahit'' in Armenian. An iconic shrine sects of Aredvi Sura Anahita was, together with other shrine sects, "introduced apparently in the 4th century BCE and lasted until it was suppressed in the wake of an iconoclastic movement under the Sasanids.". The symbol of goddess Anahita is the Lotus flower. Lotus Festival (Persian: Jashn-e Nilupar) is an Iranian festival that is held on the end of the first week of July. Holding this festival at this time was probably based on the blooming of lotus flowers at the beginning of summer. The Greek and Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aban
Apas (, ) is the Avestan language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable aggregate states, is represented by the Apas, the hypostases of the waters. ''Āb'' (plural ''Ābān'') is the Middle Persian-language form. Introduction "To this day reverence for water is deeply ingrained in Zoroastrians, and in orthodox communities offerings are regularly made to the household well or nearby stream." The '' ape zaothra'' ceremony—the culminating rite of the ''Yasna'' service (which is in turn the principal act of worship)—is literally for the "strengthening of the waters." Avestan ''apas'' (from singular ''āpō'') is grammatically feminine, and the Apas are female. The Middle Persian equivalents are ''ābān''/Ābān (alt: ''āvān''/Āvān), from which Parsi Gujarati ''āvā''/Āvā (in religious usage only) derive. The Avestan common noun ''āpas'' corresponds exactly to Vedic Sanskrit '' '', and both derive from the same proto-Indo-Iranian word, stem ''*ap- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aban Yasht
The Aban Yasht is the fifth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after Aban, the Waters, but is actually in praise of Anahita. It belongs to the so called ''Legendary Yashts'' and, with 132 stanzas, it is the third longest in the collection. Overview The Aban Yasht is named after Aban, the personification of the Waters, but its content makes it clear that it is actually addressed to Anahita. Anahita is a goddess of rivers and lakes and, in Zoroastrian practice, she fused with Aban over time. It is the fifth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection and it is grouped into the ''Legendary Yashts'', due to the lenghty descriptions of Avestan heroes sacrificing to her. Several verses of the Yasht form the Aban Niyayishn, also known as the Ardwi Sur Banu Niyayishn. The Aban Niyayishn is the fourth prayer from the Niyayishn collection, and likewise dedicated to Aban and Anahita. Both, the Aban Yasht and Aban Niyayishn are never recited in the presence of fire but only near bodies of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ard Yasht
The Ard Yasht or Arshishvang Yasht is the seventeenth Yasht of the 21 Yasht collection. It is named after and dedicated to the praise of Ashi, the Yazata, Zoroastrian divinity representing ''recompense'' and ''capricious luck''. Overview The Ard Yasht consists of 62 stanzas, which are further grouped into 10 sections called ''Kardas''. This makes it relatively short among the so called ''Great Yashts''. Regardless, it is considered to be of high literary quality and covers a wide range of topics. The Yasht does not have a Zend, commentary in Middle Persian. In the Zoroastrian calendar, it is celebrated on the 25th day of the month dedicated to Ashi. Name In his edition of the Avesta, Karl Friedrich Geldner, Geldner notes that the Yasht is called both ''Ard'' and ''Arishvang'' in the different manuscript traditions. Here, Ard is the Middle Persian name for Avestan ''Ashi'', whereas Arishvang is the name of Ashi is some Middle Persian sources, and is ultimately derived from Avesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
