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Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius may refer to: * Birgit Arrhenius (born 1932), Swedish archaeologist * Carl Axel Arrhenius (1757–1824), Swedish army lieutenant and amateur mineralogist who discovered ytterbite, a mineral that led to the discovery of yttrium by Johan Gadolin * Leif Arrhenius (born 1986), American-Swedish athlete * Niklas Arrhenius (born 1982), Swedish discus thrower * Olof Arrhenius (1895–1977), Swedish plant physiologist * Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927), Swedish physical chemist and 1903 Nobel laureate :* Arrhenius definition, Svante Arrhenius definition of acids and bases :* Arrhenius equation, Svante Arrhenius formula for modeling the temperature dependence of reaction rate constants :* Arrhenius plot In chemical kinetics, an Arrhenius plot displays the logarithm of a reaction rate constant, ordinate axis) plotted against reciprocal of the temperature abscissa). Arrhenius plots are often used to analyze the effect of temperature on the rates ... :* Arrhenius (lunar crate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birgit Arrhenius
Birgit Arrhenius (, 25 August 1932 – 10 September 2023) was a Swedish archaeologist and professor emeritus at Stockholm University. She was a professor of laboratory archaeology, and the first head of the university's Archaeological Research Laboratory. Her work has studied places including Helgö and Mälaren, and she has researched prehistoric ''pressblech'' and garnet ''cloisonné'' work. Arrhenius is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and was in 1992 the recipient of the Royal Patriotic Society's Gösta Berg Medal. Career Birgit Arrhenius was born Birgit Klein on 25 August 1932. She was one of six children of Gerda Klein and her husband Oskar Klein, a Swedish theoretical physicist who taught at Stockholm University. Expenses were tight, and her father nearly turned down the award of the Order of the Polar Star until the dean provided for the significant cost of dressing for such an award's ceremony. Arrhenius, like her father, became a professor at Stockho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Axel Arrhenius
Carl Axel Arrhenius (29 March 1757 – 20 November 1824) was a Swedish military officer, amateur geologist, and chemist. He is best known for his discovery of the mineral ytterbite (later called gadolinite) in 1787. The discovery of ytterbite was the first step in identifying an entire group of previously unknown elements, the rare earths. Eight stable rare earth elements were eventually extracted from ytterbite: terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and yttrium. Early life Arrhenius was born in Stockholm on 29 March 1757 to Jakob Larsson Arrhenius and Brita Sofia Georgii. In 1796 he married Gustafva von Bilang. Career Arrhenius became a lieutenant of the Svea Artillery Regiment of the Swedish army, the regiment being stationed in Vaxholm. As an artillery officer, Arrhenius was assigned to study the characteristics of gunpowder at the Swedish Royal Mint's (Kungliga Myntet) laboratory. Being taught to test gunpowder by Bengt Reinh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gadolinite
Gadolinite, sometimes known as ytterbite, is a silicate mineral consisting principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, beryllium, and iron with the formula . It is called gadolinite-(Ce) or gadolinite-(Y), depending on the prominent composing element (Y if yttrium predominates, and Ce if cerium). It may contain 35.5% yttria sub-group rare earths, 2.2% ceria earths, as much as to 11.6% BeO, and traces of thorium. It is found in Sweden, Norway, and the US (Texas and Colorado). Characteristics Gadolinite is fairly rare and typically occurs as well-formed crystals. It is nearly black in color and has a vitreous luster. The hardness is between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale, and the specific gravity is between 4.0 and 4.7. It fractures in a conchoidal pattern and streaks grayish-green. It was also thought to exhibit pyrognomic properties, as it can emit visible light when heated to relatively low temperatures, but the scientific consensus is that this is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Crust (geology), Earth's crust. The most important present-day use of yttrium is as a component of phosphors, especially those used in LEDs. Historically, it was once widely used in the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and Trace element, tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known Biology, biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause Respiratory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Gadolin
Johan Gadolin (5 June 176015 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a " new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku (or ''Åbo Kungliga Akademi''). Gadolin was ennobled for his achievements and awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir and the Order of Saint Anna. Early life and education Johan Gadolin was born in Åbo (Finnish name Turku), Finland (then a part of Sweden). Johan was the son of Jakob Gadolin, professor of physics and theology at Åbo. Johan began to study mathematics at the Royal Academy of Turku (''Åbo Kungliga Akademi'') when he was fifteen. Later he changed his major to chemistry, studying with Pehr Adrian Gadd, the first chair of chemistry at Åbo. In 1779 Gadolin moved to Uppsala University. In 1781, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leif Arrhenius
Leif Hilding Arrhenius (born 15 July 1986) is a professional American-Swedish athlete competing in the shot put and discus throw. He represented Team Sweden at two World and three European Championships. In addition, he is the 2011 U.S. Collegiate Indoor Champion. Early years and dual citizenship Born in Utah, Arrhenius has dual Swedish and American citizenship. Leif comes from a family of athletes and missionaries (see the "Family of athletes and missionaries" section below), where his great-grandfather, father and brother have all been Olympians. High school years In 2003, Arrhenius was ranked 1st nationally in discus, 2nd in the shot put. In 2004, he was ranked 3rd in both discus and the hammer throw. By the end of the 2003 season, at the Utah State Track & Field Meet, he threw the discus 37 feet further than second place Kevin Smith of Box Elder High School. In 2004, Arrhenius, while attending Mountain View High School and competing for the Bruins, at the Simplot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niklas Arrhenius
Niklas Bo Arrhenius (born September 10, 1982) is an American-Swedish track and field athlete who competes and coaches in the discus throw and shot put. He represented Sweden in the discus at 2008 Summer Olympics, was a four-time competitor at the World Athletics Championships (2007, 2011, 2013, and 2017), and competed at five consecutive editions of the European Athletics Championships from 2006 to 2016. At the Swedish Athletics Championships he won seven national titles in discus, and was an eight-time champion in the shot put (combined indoors and outdoors). Early years / dual citizenship In 1982, Arrhenius was born in Provo, Utah, U.S.A., but has dual citizenship. He is the son of Anders Arrhenius, who was born in Sweden and competed internationally in the shot put for Team Sweden. Having competed for Sweden internationally for most of his career, Nik applied to transfer his eligibility to the United States on August 25, 2019. The decision was made on March 24, 2020, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olof Arrhenius
Olov (or Olof) is a Swedish form of Olav/Olaf, meaning "ancestor's descendant". A common short form of the name is ''Olle''. The name may refer to: * Olle Åberg (1925–2013), Swedish middle-distance runner * Olle Åhlund (1920–1996), Swedish footballer * Olle Anderberg (1919–2003), Swedish wrestler in the Olympic Games * Olle Andersson (speedway rider) (1932–2017), Swedish speedway rider * Olle Andersson (tennis) (1895–1974), Swedish tennis player * Olov Englund (born 1983), Swedish bandy player * Olof Forssberg (1938–2023), Swedish jurist and civil servant * Olle Hagnell (1924–2011), Swedish psychiatrist * Olle Hellbom (1925–1982), Swedish film director * Olof Johansson (born 1937), Swedish politician * Olov Lambatunga, Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1198–1206 * Olle Larsson (1928–1960), Swedish rower * Olof Mellberg (born 1977), Swedish footballer * Olof Mörck (born 1981), Swedish guitarist and songwriter, member of Amaranthe * Olle Nordemar (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svante Arrhenius
Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the first Sweden, Swedish Nobel laureate. In 1905, he became the director of the Nobel Institute, where he remained until his death."Arrhenius, Svante August" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes Ltd, George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 635. Arrhenius was the first to use the principles of physical chemistry to estimate the extent to which increases in the atmospheric carbon dioxide are responsible for the Earth's increasing surface temperature. His work played an important role in the emergence of modern climatology, climate science. In the 1960s, Charles David Keeling reliably measured the level of carbon dioxide present in the air showing it was increasing and that, according to the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acid–base Reaction
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH via titration. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. Their importance becomes apparent in analyzing acid–base reactions for gaseous or liquid species, or when acid or base character may be somewhat less apparent. The first of these concepts was provided by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, around 1776. – Table of discoveries attributes Antoine Lavoisier as the first to posit a scientific theory in relation to oxyacids. It is important to think of the acid–base reaction models as theories that complement each other. For example, the current Lewis model has the broadest definition of what an acid and base are, with the Brønsted–Lowry the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrhenius Equation
In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates. The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the Van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants suggests such a formula for the rates of both forward and reverse reactions. This equation has a vast and important application in determining the rate of chemical reactions and for calculation of Activation energy, energy of activation. Arrhenius provided a physical justification and interpretation for the formula.Keith J. Laidler, Laidler, K. J. (1987) ''Chemical Kinetics'', Third Edition, Harper & Row, p. 42 Currently, it is best seen as an empirical relationship.Kenneth Connors, Chemical Kinetics, 1990, VCH Publishers It can be used to model the temperature variation of Mass diffusivity, diffusion coefficients, population of Vacancy defect, crystal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrhenius Plot
In chemical kinetics, an Arrhenius plot displays the logarithm of a reaction rate constant, ordinate axis) plotted against reciprocal of the temperature abscissa). Arrhenius plots are often used to analyze the effect of temperature on the rates of chemical reactions. For a single rate-limited thermally activated process, an Arrhenius plot gives a straight line, from which the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor can both be determined. The Arrhenius equation can be given in the form: k = A \exp\left(\frac\right) = A \exp\left(\frac\right) where: * k = rate constant * A = pre-exponential factor * E_\text = (molar) activation energy * R = gas constant, (R=k_\text N_\text, where N_\text is the Avogadro constant). * E_\text' = activation energy (for a single reaction event) * k_\text = Boltzmann constant * T = absolute temperature The only difference between the two forms of the expression is the quantity used for the activation energy: the former would have the unit j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
