|
4C (psychedelics)
4C (4C-''x''), also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxy-α-ethylphenethylamines, is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic and related phenylisobutylamines (α-ethylphenethylamines) having methoxy, methoxy groups at the 2 and 5 carbon, positions of the phenyl ring, phenyl ring (chemistry), ring and a 4-position chemical substitution, substituent. These chemical compound, compounds are structural analog, analogues of the 2C (psychedelics), 2Cs and DOx drugs, but the α-alkyl group, alkyl side chain, chain has been further lengthed (0 carbons for 2C, 1 carbon for DOx, and 2 carbons for 4C). The most notable and well-known of the 4C drugs is Ariadne (drug), Ariadne (4C-D). This drug produces only threshold psychedelic effects and has been described as non-hallucinogenic or as having "the alert of a psychedelic, with none of the rest of the package". These unique properties have made Ariadne of interest for potential therapeutic applications. In contrast to Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariadne
In Greek mythology, Ariadne (; ; ) was a Cretan princess, the daughter of King Minos of Crete. There are variations of Ariadne's myth, but she is known for helping Theseus escape from the Minotaur and being abandoned by him on the island of Naxos. There, Dionysus saw Ariadne sleeping, fell in love with her, and later married her. Many versions of the myth recount Dionysus throwing Ariadne's jeweled crown into the sky to create a constellation, the Corona Borealis. Ariadne is associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of Theseus and the Minotaur. There are also festivals held in Cyprus and Naxos in Ariadne's honor. Etymology Greek lexicographers in the Hellenistic period claimed that ''Ariadne'' is derived from the ancient Cretan dialectical elements ''ari'' (ἀρι-) "most" (which is an intensive prefix) and ''adnós'' (ἀδνός) "holy". Conversely, Stylianos Alexiou has argued that despite the belief being that Ariadne's name is of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS. Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4C-B Structure
4C-B, also known as 4C-DOB or DOB-B, as well as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-α-ethylphenethylamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, phenylisobutylamine, and 4C families related to 2C-B and DOB. It is a reasonably potent 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist with a Ki of 7.6nM, but has relatively low efficacy (15% relative to 5-HT). It is briefly mentioned in Alexander Shulgin's book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved) but was never tested by him, however it has subsequently been tested by Daniel Trachsel and colleagues and was found to be active in a dose range of 50 to 80mg with a duration of around 8hours, producing pronounced psychedelic effects, though with generally milder effects than 2C-B or DOB. See also * 4C (psychedelics) 4C (4C-''x''), also known as 4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxy-α-ethylphenethylamines, is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic and related phenylisobutylamines (α-ethylphenethylamines) having methoxy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss people, Swiss chemist who studies psychedelic drug, psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen chemical compound, compounds, including their psychoactive drug, psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experimentation, self-experiments. According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book ''Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion'' (''Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function'') is in the process of being translated into English. It is being independently translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also by chemist David Carlson. Compounds Compounds that were first k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Shulgin
Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American biochemist, broad researcher of synthetic psychoactive compounds, and author of works regarding these, who independently explored the organic chemistry and pharmacology of such agents—in his mid-life and later, many through preparation in his home laboratory, and testing on himself. He is acknowledged to have introduced to broader use, in the late 1970s, the previously-synthesized compound MDMA ("ecstasy"), in research psychopharmacology and in combination with conventional therapy, the latter through presentations and academic publications, including to psychologists; and for the rediscovery, occasional discovery, and regular synthesis and personal use and distribution, of possibly hundreds of Psychoactive drug, psychoactive compounds (for their Psychedelic drug, psychedelic and MDMA-like empathogenic bioactivity, bioactivities). As such, Shulgin is seen both as a pioneering and a controversi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
