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和製英語
are Japanese-language expressions that are based on English words, or on parts of English phrases, but do not exist in standard English, or do not have the meanings that they have in standard English. In linguistics, they are classified as pseudo-loanwords or pseudo-anglicisms. Definition and examples ''Wasei-eigo'' words, compound words and portmanteaus are constructed by Japanese speakers on the basis of loanwords derived from English and embedded into the Japanese lexicon with refashioned, novel meanings diverging significantly from the originals.Miller, L. (1998). Wasei eigo: English "loanwords" coined in Japan. The life of language: Papers in linguistics in honor of William Bright. An example is , derived from "handle" with the meaning of "steering wheel", with the full phrase meaning designated driver. Some ''wasei-eigo'' terms are not recognizable as English words in English-speaking countries; one example is , which refers to physical contact between close friends or l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasei-eigo
are Japanese-language expressions that are based on English words, or on parts of English phrases, but do not exist in standard English, or do not have the meanings that they have in standard English. In linguistics, they are classified as pseudo-loanwords or pseudo-anglicisms. Definition and examples ''Wasei-eigo'' words, compound words and portmanteaus are constructed by Japanese speakers on the basis of loanwords derived from English and embedded into the Japanese lexicon with refashioned, novel meanings diverging significantly from the originals.Miller, L. (1998). Wasei eigo: English "loanwords" coined in Japan. The life of language: Papers in linguistics in honor of William Bright. An example is , derived from "handle" with the meaning of " steering wheel", with the full phrase meaning designated driver. Some ''wasei-eigo'' terms are not recognizable as English words in English-speaking countries; one example is , which refers to physical contact between close friends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Japanese Vocabulary
Sino-Japanese vocabulary, also known as , is a subset of Japanese vocabulary that originated in Chinese language, Chinese or was created from elements borrowed from Chinese. Most Sino-Japanese words were borrowed in the 5th–9th centuries AD, from Early Middle Chinese into Old Japanese. Some grammatical structures and sentence patterns can also be identified as Sino-Japanese. is one of three broad categories into which the Japanese vocabulary is divided. The others are native Japanese vocabulary (''yamato kotoba'') and borrowings from other, mainly Western languages (''gairaigo''). It has been estimated that about 60% of the words contained in modern Japanese dictionaries are ', and that about 18–20% of words used in common speech are '. The usage of such words also increases in formal or literary contexts, and in expressions of abstract or complex ideas. ', the use of Chinese-derived words in Japanese, is to be distinguished from ''kanbun'', which is historical Classical Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engrish
''Engrish'' is a slang term for the inaccurate, poorly translated, nonsensical or ungrammatical use of the English language by native speakers of other languages. The word itself relates to Japanese speakers learning r and l, Japanese speakers' tendency to struggle to pronounce the English and distinctly arising from the fact Japanese has only one liquid consonant, liquid phoneme (usually Romanization of Japanese, romanized ''r''), but its definition encompasses many more errors. Terms such as ''Japanglish'', ''Japlish'', ''Jinglish'', or ''Janglish'' are more specific to Japanese Engrish. The related Japanese term ''wasei-eigo'' (: 'Japanese-made English') refers to pseudo-anglicisms that have entered everyday Japanese. The term ''Engrish'' first appears in the 1940s (suggestive of a mispronunciation of ''English'') but it was not until the 1980s that it began to be used as a byname for defective Asian English. While the term may refer to spoken English, it often describes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudo-anglicism
A pseudo-anglicism is a word in another language that is formed from English elements and may appear to be English, but that does not exist as an English word with the same meaning. For example, English speakers traveling in France may be struck by the "number of anglicisms—or rather words that look English—which are used in a different sense than they have in English, or which do not exist in English (such as ''rallye-paper'', ''shake-hand'', ''baby-foot'', or ''baby-parc'')". This is different from a false friend, which is a word with a cognate that has a different main meaning; in some cases, pseudo-anglicisms become false friends. Definition and terminology Pseudo-anglicisms are also called secondary anglicisms, false anglicisms, or pseudo-English. Pseudo-anglicisms are a kind of lexical borrowing where the ''source'' or ''donor language'' is English, but where the borrowing is reworked in the ''receptor '' or ''recipient language''. The precise definition varies. Duckw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword). Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other. Examples and related terms A loanword is distinguished from a calque (or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages), phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language, and analogous systems of sign languages), and pragmatics (how the context of use contributes to meaning). Subdisciplines such as biolinguistics (the study of the biological variables and evolution of language) and psycholinguistics (the study of psychological factors in human language) bridge many of these divisions. Linguistics encompasses Outline of linguistics, many branches and subfields that span both theoretical and practical applications. Theoretical linguistics is concerned with understanding the universal grammar, universal and Philosophy of language#Nature of language, fundamental nature of language and developing a general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Language
A mixed language, also referred to as a hybrid language or fusion language, is a type of contact language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole language, creole or pidgin, pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages. Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing Loanword, loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages.Arends et al. 1994 Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, Stratum (linguistics), substrata, or lexical borrowing. Definitions Other terms used in l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonin English
Bonin English, also known as the Bonin Islands language or Ogasawara English, is an English-based creole of the Bonin Islands (officially the Ogasawara Islands) south of Japan with strong Japanese influence, to the extent that it has been called a mixture of English and Japanese. History The Colony of Peel Island was the first permanent settlement in the archipelago. Peel Island (aka Chichijima) was settled in the early nineteenth century by speakers of eighteen European and Austronesian languages, including American English and Hawaiian. This resulted in a pidgin English that became a symbol of island identity. Starting in the 1860s, thousands of Japanese speakers settled the islands, bringing various Japanese dialects along with them. During this time, the pidgin English of the islands creolized among second- and third-generation speakers. The islanders became bilingual, and during the early twentieth century Bonin English incorporated elements of Japanese. Throughout the 20t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konglish
Konglish (; ), more formally Korean-style English (; ) comprises English and other foreign language loanwords that have been appropriated into Korean, and includes many that are used in ways that are not readily understandable to native English speakers. A common example is the Korean term "hand phone" for the English "mobile phone". Konglish also has direct English loanwords, mistranslations from English to Korean, or pseudo-English words coined in Japanese that came to Korean usage. Sociolinguistically, South Koreans use English to denote luxury, youth, sophistication, and modernity. The term is a portmanteau of the names of the two languages and was first recorded earliest in 1975. Other less common terms include: ''Korlish'' (recorded from 1988), ''Korenglish'' (1992), ''Korglish'' (2000) and ''Kinglish'' (2000). The use of Konglish is widespread in South Korea as a result of US cultural influence, but it is not familiar to North Koreans. Overview A possible explanation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Japanese Latin Alphabetic Abbreviations
Abbreviations are common in Japanese; these include many Latin alphabet letter combinations, generally pronounced as initialisms. Some of these combinations are common in English, but others are unique to Japan or of Japanese origin, and form a kind of wasei eigo (Japanese-coined English). This is a list of Latin alphabet letter combinations used in Japan. A * ADV – adventure game (also abbreviated as AVG) * AV – adult video * AV – audio-visual * AVG – adventure game (also abbreviated as ADV) B * BGM – background music * BL – boys' love * BS – Broadcast Satellite ( Direct-broadcast satellite; also a prefix for BS stations) C * CA – cabin attendant (flight attendant) * CM – commercial message (television advertisement) * CS – Communication Satellite * CV – character voice ( voice actor) D * DC – * DD – * DE – * DK – * DS – * DT – * DV – Domestic Violence E * ED – ending (an animated sequence which includes the closing credit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Gairaigo And Wasei-eigo Terms
''Gairaigo'' are Japanese words originating from, or based on, foreign-language, generally Western, terms. These include ''wasei-eigo'' (Japanese pseudo-anglicisms). Many of these loanwords derive from Portuguese, due to Portugal's early role in Japanese-Western interaction; Dutch, due to the Netherlands' relationship with Japan amidst the isolationist policy of ''sakoku'' during the Edo period; and from French and German, due to France and Germany's cultural and scientific prominence during Japan's modernization in the Meiji period. Most come from English, the dominant world language today. Due to the large number of western concepts imported into Japanese culture during modern times, there are thousands of these English borrowings. These English words are informally referred to as having been "Nipponized". A few of them, such as " salaryman", have been borrowed into English, together with their Japanese meanings. Japanese vocabulary includes large numbers of words from Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
