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Mashru
Mashru (also historically spelled mashroo, misru, mushroo or mushru) is a woven cloth that is a Blend (textile), blend of silk and cotton. It was historically a hand-woven satin silk fabric variety found in the Indian subcontinent, and its proper use is described in the 16th-century ''Ain-i-Akbari''. History Mashru is explicitly mentioned in the administrative document, the ''Ain-i-Akbari'', of the 16th-century Mughal Empire, under silken kinds of stuff: "... the ordinary orthodox Muslim was only anxious to wear clothes of simple material like linen and to avoid silk, velvet, brocade, or fur and coloured ... Mashru." Mixed silk-and-cotton textiles were worn, because, by canon, a Muslim must not wear a dress of pure silk.61 ''Ain-i-Akbari'', Blochmann, I, 89". Se''A Social History of Islamic India'' Yasin, Mohammad; via: books.google.co.in; (1958); p. 39 Varieties containing silk and cotton admixtures gained greater currency in the empire, more particularly after the issuance of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blend (textile)
A blend is a mixture of two or more fibers. In yarn spinning, different compositions, lengths, diameters, or colors may be combined to create a blend. Blended textiles are fabrics or yarns produced with a combination of two or more types of different fibers, or yarns to obtain desired traits and aesthetics. Blending is possible at various stages of textile manufacturing. The term, ''blend'', refers to spun fibers or a fabric composed of such fibers. There are several synonymous terms: a combination yarn is made up of two strands of different fibers twisted together to form a ply; a mixture or mixed cloth refers to blended cloths in which different types of yarns are used in warp and weft sides. Union or union fabric was a 19th century term for a blended fabric. It is no longer used. History Blending in textiles is an old practice which became more widespread after around 1980. Recognizing the growing popularity of blends, the Wool Bureau introduced the "Wool blend" mark in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangi (cloth)
Sangi was a kind of silk produced in Hindustan. It was a mixed woven cloth, a common cloth in the nineteenth century. The fabric was constructed with a cotton warp and a silk weft, or vice versa. Name Sangi is derived from the word , which means (together) two warp yarns woven as one. Khajari ( Sangi was classified as a silk fabric; it was similar to Mashru but of a lesser quality. All three, Sangi, Mashru, and Gulbadan, have a wavy pattern running along their width. In Sanghi, the peculiar khanjari (Chevron, often relating to V-shaped) pattern is obtained by the arrangements of the dyed yarns in the warp, unlike in Mashru, where the effect is a result of dyeing the warp portions. The striped (wavy yarn) appears as a stitch in Sangi. In contrast, Gulbadan had an expensive, close, and fine texture. Sangi's distinguishing trait was a green or yellow warp (and, as a result, green and yellow khanjari) with a red weft. Although Muslims of the upper classes preferred cotton mixed, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Textile Arts Of India
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and different types of fabric. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns. Textiles are divided into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and technical textiles. In consumer textiles, aesthetics and comfort are the most important factors, while in technical textiles, functional properties are the priority. The durability of textiles is an important property, with common cotton or blend garments (such as t-shirts) able to last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alacha
Alacha ('lacha' or 'alacha' or 'elatches' or 'alaja', ) is a lightweight striped cloth made primarily of silk, sometimes cotton, or a mixture of both. The stripe pattern was evident on both sides of the fabric. A typical length of alacha is five yards. It was produced in various parts of India, for example Baikunthpur, Bihar. The cloth was popular in use for female garments such as dupattas (''odhni''), veils, and petticoats. Etymology François Bernier mentions "...alachas were silken stuffs striped". Alacha may be an earlier term used for ''mashru'' cloth, derived from the Sanskrit word meaning "swan-footprint patterned creeper". Yashodhara Agrawal, writing in an essay entitled "Mashru as a Trade Textile", translates ''khanjari'' as "dagger"—referring to a single arrowhead motif. Khanjari can also be described as a wavy line pattern. Agrawal notes that alacha or alaja was the word used for this fabric before mashru came into common use. She speculates that alacha could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulbadan (silk Cloth)
''Gulbadan'' (silk cloth) was a kind of striped silk produced in Hindustan. The gulbadan ( literal meaning a body like the rose ) was a light textured cloth of silk and cotton. Gulbadan has vertical variegated stripes with a different color than the base color of the cloth. In appearance, it was similar to a glazed calico, unlike ''Mashru'', which has the satin (lustrous) surface.The contemporary silk piece goods were ''Daryai'' (plain silk) and ''Dhupehan'' (shot silk). Gulbadan was available in many color combinations and sizes. Gulbadan of Amritsar and Lahore were famous. "Sufi" was another name for Gulbadan striped fabric. A type Sohren Gulbadan was prepared with specific dimensions, i.e., 36 feet long and 1 foot and 4 inches wide. Texture Unlike its name, the fabric was ordinary and usually thick. The surface feels like a peach with no to less luster. Use Gulbadan was mainly used for pajamas. Sohren Gulbadan was used in ladies' shirts and trousers. See also * Kimkhwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garbi Cloth
Garbi also Garvi was a silk-cotton blend fabric made with cotton in the warp and silk in the weft. It was a handloom textile material from the nineteenth century Sindh and Punjab. Garbi had a strong and a rough texture. It was made of thirty yards in length and nine inches in width, like the other piece goods from India and Pakistan. Women in Sindh wore Garbi-made folk dresses. See also * Mashru Mashru (also historically spelled mashroo, misru, mushroo or mushru) is a woven cloth that is a Blend (textile), blend of silk and cotton. It was historically a hand-woven satin silk fabric variety found in the Indian subcontinent, and its proper ... References Woven fabrics {{Textile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woven Fabrics
Woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. Woven fabrics, often created on a loom, are made of many threads woven in a warp and weft. Technically, a woven fabric is any fabric made by interlacing two or more threads at right angles to one another. Woven fabrics can be made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both, such as cotton and polyester. Woven fabrics are used for clothing, garments, decorations, furniture, carpets and other uses. Production process Yarn preparation Fibers are spun into yarns and prepared with specific properties tailored for either the warp (longitudinal yarns) or the weft (transverse yarns). Warping The warp yarns are arranged on a beam to prepare for weaving. The warp threads are held taut and parallel, and as such must be strong and durable. Weaving During weaving, the weft yarn passes over and under the warp yarns in various patterns. The primary types of weaves are plain weave, Twill, twill weave, and Satin, satin weave. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silk
Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm ''Bombyx mori'' reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular Prism (optics), prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors. Harvested silk is produced by several insects; but, generally, only the silk of various moth caterpillars has been used for textile manufacturing. There has been some research into other types of silk, which differ at the molecular level. Silk is mainly produced by the larvae of insects undergoing holometabolism, complete metamorphosis, but some insects, such as webspinners and Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near East
The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The term was invented in the 20th century by modern Western geographers and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. The term ''Near East'' was used in conjunction with the ''Middle East'' and the ''Far East'' (China and beyond), together known as the "three Easts"; it was a separate term from the ''Middle East'' during earlier times and official British usage. As of 2024, both terms are used interchangeably by politicians and news reporters to refer to the same region. ''Near East'' and ''Middle East'' are both Eurocentrism, Eurocentric terms. According to the National Geographic Society, the terms ''Near East'' and ''Middle East'' denote the same territories and are "generally accepted as comprisin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variegated
'' Cryptocarya williwilliana'' showing leaf venation and variegated leaves Variegation is the appearance of differently coloured zones in the foliage, flowers, and sometimes the stems and fruit of plants, granting a speckled, striped, or patchy appearance. The colors of the patches themselves vary from a slightly lighter shade of the natural coloration to yellow, to white, or other colors entirely such as red and pink. This is caused by varying levels and types of pigment, such as chlorophyll in leaves. Variegation can be caused by genetic mutations affecting pigment production, or by viral infections such as those resulting from mosaic viruses. Many plants are also naturally variegated, such as '' Goeppertia insignis''. Most of these are herbaceous or climbing plants, and are most often species native to tropical rainforests. Many species which are normally non-variegated are known to display variegation. Their appearance is desirable to enthusiasts, and many such plants are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warp And Weft
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical ''warp'' yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal ''weft'' (also called the ''woof'') is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a ''warp end''; a ''pick'' is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are ''fill yarn'' and ''filling yarn'').Burnham (1980), pp. 170, 179Barber (1991), p. 79. In the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the "picking stick" and the " flying shuttle", the latter of which was invented by John Kay, in 1733. The mechanised power loom was patented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute. Etymology The word ''weft'' derives from the Old English word , to weave. ''Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
