Lunulicardia
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Lunulicardia
''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig .... Species Species within the genus ''Lunulicardia'' include: *'' Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Lunulicardia orlini'' Mienis, 2009 *'' Lunulicardia retusa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Lunulicardia tumorifera'' (Lamarck, 1819) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Lunulicardia auricula'' (Niebuhr in Forsskål, 1775): synonym of ''Lunulicardia retusa auricula'' (Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Lunulicardia hemicardia'' ic synonym of ''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Lunulicardia subr ...
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Lunulicardia Hemicardium
''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig .... Species Species within the genus ''Lunulicardia'' include: *'' Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Lunulicardia orlini'' Mienis, 2009 *'' Lunulicardia retusa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Lunulicardia tumorifera'' (Lamarck, 1819) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Lunulicardia auricula'' (Niebuhr in Forsskål, 1775): synonym of ''Lunulicardia retusa auricula'' (Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Lunulicardia hemicardia'' ic synonym of ''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Lunulicardia subr ...
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Lunulicardia Orlini
''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia. Species Species within the genus ''Lunulicardia'' include: *''Lunulicardia hemicardium ''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia Russia (, ...'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Lunulicardia orlini'' Mienis, 2009 *'' Lunulicardia retusa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Lunulicardia tumorifera'' (Lamarck, 1819) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Lunulicardia auricula'' (Niebuhr in Forsskål, 1775): synonym of ''Lunulicardia retusa auricula'' (Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Lunulicardia hemicardia'' ic synonym of ''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Lunulicardia subre ...
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Lunulicardia Retusa
''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia. Species Species within the genus ''Lunulicardia'' include: *''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *''Lunulicardia orlini ''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia. Species Species ...'' Mienis, 2009 *'' Lunulicardia retusa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Lunulicardia tumorifera'' (Lamarck, 1819) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Lunulicardia auricula'' (Niebuhr in Forsskål, 1775): synonym of ''Lunulicardia retusa auricula'' (Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Lunulicardia hemicardia'' ic synonym of ''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Lunulicardia subret ...
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Lunulicardia Tumorifera
''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia. Species Species within the genus ''Lunulicardia'' include: *''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *''Lunulicardia orlini'' Mienis, 2009 *''Lunulicardia retusa ''Lunulicardia'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. Fossils species in this genus are present in the Pliocene deposits of Indonesia and the Miocene deposits of Russia. Species Species ...'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * '' Lunulicardia tumorifera'' (Lamarck, 1819) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Lunulicardia auricula'' (Niebuhr in Forsskål, 1775): synonym of ''Lunulicardia retusa auricula'' (Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Lunulicardia hemicardia'' ic synonym of ''Lunulicardia hemicardium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling) * ''Lunulicardia subretu ...
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Cardiidae
A cockle is an edible marine bivalve mollusc. Although many small edible bivalves are loosely called cockles, true cockles are species in the family Cardiidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Cardiidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=229 on 2022-02-09 True cockles live in sandy, sheltered beaches throughout the world. The distinctive rounded shells are bilaterally symmetrical, and are heart-shaped when viewed from the end. Numerous radial, evenly spaced ribs are a feature of the shell in most but not all genera (for an exception, see the genus '' Laevicardium'', the egg cockles, which have very smooth shells). The shell of a cockle is able to close completely (i.e., there is no "gap" at any point around the edge). Though the shell of a cockle may superficially resemble that of a scallop because of the ribs, cockles can be distinguished from scallops morphologically in that coc ...
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Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historicall ...
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Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should cl ...
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Marine (ocean)
The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of Saline water, salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Water distribution on Earth, Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided."Ocean."
''Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary'', Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ocean. Accessed March 14, 2021.
Separate names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: Pacific Ocean, Pacific (the largest), Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Indian, Southern Ocean, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Ocean, Arctic (the smallest). Seawater covers approximately of the planet. The ocean i ...
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Bivalvia
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bivalves have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs, like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. The majority are filter feeders. The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some bivalves, such as the scallops and file shells, can swim. The shipworms bore into wood, clay, or stone and live inside these substances. The shell of a bivalve is composed o ...
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Mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8  taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastr ...
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Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58See the 2014 version of the ICS geologic time scale
million years ago. It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Epoch and is followed by the Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time sca ...
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Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ...
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