List Of Kangchu System Placename Etymologies
There are several places in Southeast Asia that had its roots in the Kangchu system, an organised system of administration which was introduced by the Sultanate of Johore in the territories of Johore and Singapore in the 19th century to oversee the social affairs and economy of Chinese coolies who were working in gambier and pepper plantations. Even as the gambier and pepper trade declined in the early 20th century, many of these place names were retained as some of these settlers remained behind. Place names that are associated with the Kangchu system are named after former place features such as settlements, (or ''Chu Kang'', Chinese language, Chinese: 厝港, Peng'im: cu3 gang2), river bases (or ''Kangkar'', Chinese language, Chinese: 港脚, Peng'im: gang2 ka1) and port (or ''Kang'', Chinese language, Chinese: 港, Peng'im: gang2). These terminologies are of Chinese language, Chinese origins, and draws its phonology from the Teochew dialect.Ooi (2004), p. 710 Malaysia Johor * ...
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Kangchu System
The Kangchu system was a socio-economic system of organisation and administration developed by Chinese agricultural settlers in Johor during the 19th century. The settlers organised themselves into informal associations (similar to the Kongsi organisations found in other Chinese communities), and chose a leader from among themselves. In Chinese, "Kangchu" (; Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ''Káng-chú''; Teochew Pe̍h-ūe-jī: ''Káng-tsú'') literally means 'master of the riverbank', and was the title given to the Chinese headmen of these river settlements.Andaya (1984), p. 140 The "Kangchu" leaders are also called "Kapitan". The Kangchu system traces its origins from the 18th century when Chinese coolies settled in Penang and Riau and set up gambier and pepper plantations there. The sovereign rulers of Johor, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim and his son and successor, Sultan Abu Bakar, took up the Kangchu system during the first half of the 19th century to provide a more organised form of ...
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