There are several places in Southeast Asia that had its roots in the

Kangchu system The Kangchu system was a socio-economic system of organisation and administration developed by Chinese agricultural settlers in Johor during the 19th century. The settlers organised themselves into informal associations (similar to the Kongsi ...

, an organised system of administration which was introduced by the Sultanate of Johore in the territories of

Johore Johor, also spelled Johore,'' is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to the east and ...

and

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

in the 19th century to oversee the social affairs and economy of Chinese coolies who were working in gambier and pepper plantations. Even as the gambier and pepper trade declined in the early 20th century, many of these place names were retained as some of these settlers remained behind. Place names that are associated with the Kangchu system are named after former place features such as settlements, (or ''Chu Kang'',

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

: 厝港,

Peng'im ( zh, s=潮州话拼音方案, t=潮州話拼音方案: ( Teochew) ( Swatow), : or , : or ) is a Teochew dialect romanization system as a part of Guangdong Romanization published by Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960. The ...

: cu3 gang2), river bases (or ''Kangkar'',

: 港脚,

: gang2 ka1) and port (or ''Kang'',

: 港,

: gang2). These terminologies are of

origins, and draws its phonology from the

Teochew dialect Teochew, also known as Swatow or Teo-Swa, is a Southern Min language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by their diaspora around the world. It is sometimes referred to as ''Chiuchow'', its Cantonese ...

.Ooi (2004), p. 710

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

Johor Johor, also spelled Johore,'' is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore ...

* Bukit Kangkar, Muar * Kampong Kangkar,

Chaah Chaah is a town and mukim in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost mukim in the district, but it is administered as a suburb of Labis. Chaah consists of Kampung and Taman Chaah Town, C-Block, Kampung Baru (residents are most ...

* Kangkar Bahru,

Yong Peng Yong Peng is a town in Mukim Tanjung Semberong, Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. It has an area of 1911.6 hectares with an estimated population of 29,046. History During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and under the influence ...

* Kangkar Pulai,

Johor Bahru Johor Bahru, abbreviated as JB, is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Johor. It is the core city of Johor Bahru District, Malaysia's second-largest district by population and the second-largest district economy. Covering an area of ...

* Kangkar

Tebrau Tebrau or Teberau is a mukim and a town in Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional mona ...

() * Kangkar Kambau * Kangkar Pendas () * Plentong ()

Singapore

Housing estates

Choa Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang (), alternatively spelled Chua Chu Kang and often abbreviated as CCK, is a planning area and residential town located at the northwestern point of the West Region of Singapore. The town shares borders with Sungei Kadut to the ...

Hougang Hougang () is a planning area and mature residential town located in the North-East Region of Singapore. It is the largest housing estate in Singapore based on land area, and is home to 247,528 residents as of 2018. Hougang planning area is bo ...

Lim Chu Kang Lim Chu Kang is a Planning areas of Singapore, planning area located in the North Region, Singapore, North Region of Singapore, bordering the Western Water Catchment to the west and south, Sungei Kadut to the east and the Straits of Johor to the ...

Sengkang Sengkang (, , ) is a Planning Areas of Singapore, planning area and New towns of Singapore, residential town located in the North-East Region, Singapore, North-East Region of Singapore. The town is the second most populous in the region, being ...

Yio Chu Kang Yio Chu Kang ( ), alternatively spelt as Yeo Chu Kang, is a sub-urban area in the northeast of Singapore, with proximity to the Ang Mo Kio, Lentor, Seletar and Sengkang areas. Deriving its name from the Yio Chu Kang Village, it is still known for ...

Obsoleted names

* Tan Chu KangChu Kangs-Singapore
Retrieved 24 May 2020 * Chan Chu Kang * Lau Chu Kang The fictional character Phua Chu Kang was likely a humorous reference to "Chu Kang" place names.

Indonesia

Sinaboi Sinaboi is a fishing village and district (''kecamatan'') in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau, Indonesia. It is about 30 km east of Bagansiapiapi and about 30 km from Dumai Dumai ( Jawi: , ), is a coastal city in Riau Province on the island of Sumat ...

or Cia Chui Kang ( zh, 正水港),

Riau Riau (Jawi script, Jawi: ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of the island of Sumatra, and extends from the eastern slopes of the Barisan Mountains to the Malacca Strait, including s ...

* Sungai Nyamuk or Tua Kang ( zh, 大港), Riau

Others

Lanfang Republic The Lanfang Republic (, Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ''Làn-fông Khiung-fò-koet''), also known as Lanfang Company (), was a Kongsi republic in Western Borneo in the territory of Sultanate of Sambas. It was established by a Hakka Chinese named Luo Fa ...

, Indonesia. *

Kangkar LRT Station The Sengkang LRT line (SKLRT) is a elevated automated guideway transit line in Sengkang, Singapore. The driverless system consists of 14 stations on two loops, with Sengkang station serving as the interchange for both loops and linking the ...

, Singapore.

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

* Dunlop, Peter K.G., ''Street Names of Singapore'', Who's Who Publications, 2000 * Ooi, Keat Gin, ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor'', ABC-CLIO, 2004, {{ISBN, 1-57607-770-5 * Singam, Durai Raja, ''Place-Names in Peninsular Malaysia'', Archipelago, 1980

Kangchu The Kangchu system was a socio-economic system of organisation and administration developed by Chinese agricultural settlers in Johor during the 19th century. The settlers organised themselves into informal associations (similar to the Kongsi ...