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Indonesia Declared Itself Independent
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno (who signed his name "Soekarno" using the Van Ophuijsen orthography) and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the '' Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perhimpoenan Indonesia
The Perhimpoenan Indonesia (PI) (Eng: Indonesian Association; Dutch: Indonesische Vereniging) was an association for Indonesian students in the Netherlands in the first half of the twentieth century. It was established under the Dutch name ''Indische Vereeniging'' (Indies' Association), and it changed its name to ''Indonesische Vereeniging'' (Indonesian Association) in 1922, and its Malay translation ''Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' in 1925. Although small in membership numbers - throughout the period between 30 and 150 members - the organization was important because it was one of the first to campaign for full Indonesian independence from the Netherlands, and because many PI-students would later acquire prominent political positions in the independent state of Indonesia. History The Perhimpoenan Indonesia was established in 1908 under the name of Indische Vereeniging and was initially a social club, providing a sociable environment for students from the Netherlands East Indies in the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Political Federation
The Indonesian Political Federation ( id, Gabungan Politik Indonesia) (GAPI) was an umbrella group created in 1939 in the Dutch East Indies to unite nationalists organizations to campaign for an elected parliament for Indonesian in exchange for cooperation with the Dutch colonial authorities. It consisted of eight nationalist political parties. Background In 1927, the Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (PPPKI) was formed to unite nationalist Indonesian organisations, but it faced oppression from the colonial authorities, and disbanded in 1934. As a result of Dutch actions against non-cooperative nationalist organisations such as the Indonesian National Party (PNI), from 1935 cooperating parties that were prepared to work with the colonial authorities by participating in the Volksraad semi-legislative body assumed a dominant role in the nationalist movement. However, these cooperating nationalists still gave very little support when the Soetardjo Pet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Sjarifuddin
Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, EVO: Amir Sjarifoeddin Harahap; 27 April 1907 – 19 December 1948) was an Indonesian politician and journalist who served as the second prime minister of Indonesia from 1947 until 1948. A major leader of the Left-wing politics, left-wing during the Indonesian National Revolution, he previously served as Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Indonesia), Minister of Information from 1945 until 1946 and Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)#List of ministers, Minister of Defense from 1945 until 1948. Amir was born into the Sumatran aristocracy, and was educated at Leiden University. At Leiden, he became a member of the board of the Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium student association in Haarlem, and was involved in the Batak student organization ''Jong Batak Bond, Jong Batak''. He returned to Indonesia due to family troubles, but continued his education at the ''University of Indonesia, Rechts Hogeschool'' in Batav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soetardjo Petition
The Soetardjo Petition of 1936 was a motion of the Volksraad (a nascent legislative body) of the Dutch East Indies, instigated by the legislator Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo, which was submitted as a petition to Queen Wilhelmina and the Estates General of the Netherlands. The document asked for a conference to be organized with representatives from the Indies and the Netherlands to discuss the desire of Indonesians, within a period of ten years, to be autonomous under Article 1 of the Dutch Constitution as part of a Dutch commonwealth under the Dutch Crown. The petition had six signatories: * Soetardjo ( Javanese, president of Native Civil Servants Association (PPBB)) * Sam Ratulangi (Minahasan) * Sayyid Ismail Alatas (representative of the ethnic Arab community) * I. J. Kasimo (Javanese, president of a Catholic association) * Ko Kwat Tiong Sia (representative of the ethnic Chinese community) * Datoek Toemoenggoeng (Minangkabau Minangkabau may refer to: * Minangkabau culture, cultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Indonesia Party
The Great Indonesia Party ( id, Partai Indonesia Raya, Parindra) was the name used by two Indonesian political parties. Pre-war party The first Parindra was established in December 1935 as a result of a merger between the Budi Utomo political society and the Indonesian National Union (''Perserikatan Bangsa Indonesia'') with the aim of working with the Dutch to secure Indonesian independence. It was led by Raden Soetomo, Mohammad Husni Thamrin, Susanto Tirtoprodjo, Sukarjo Wiryopranoto and Woerjaningrat, and became the most influential Indonesian grouping in the Volksraad, the notionally legislative body established by the Dutch. In the 1935 election, it won two seats in the body, with a further party member appointed directly. In 1939, four of its members were elected, and none appointed. In May 1939, Thamrin was the main driving force behind the merger of Parindra and seven other nationalist organizations into the Federation of Indonesian Political Parties (''Gaboengan P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budi Utomo
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Boven Digul
Boven Digoel Regency is a regency (''kabupaten'') in the northern part of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It is split off from Merauke Regency (of which it used to be a part) on 12 November 2002. The regency covers an area of , and the total population was 55,784 at the 2010 Census and 64,285 at the 2020 Census. The administrative centre is the town of Tanahmerah. Administrative districts The regency comprises twenty districts (''distrik''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres and the number of administrative villages (rural ''desa'' and urban ''kelurahan'') in each district. History In the Dutch East Indies era, the present Boven Digoel Regency was known as ''Digul Atas'' (Upper Digul), located on the banks of the Digul River. Boven-Digoel was a Dutch prison camp in the Dutch East Indies at the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengkulu (city)
Bengkulu ( Rejangese: ), formerly Bencoolen (Dutch: ''Benkoelen'') is the capital of the Indonesian province of Bengkulu. The city is the second largest city on the west coast of Sumatra Island after Padang. Previously this area was under the influence of the kingdom of Inderapura and the Sultanate of Banten. The city also became the exile of Sukarno during the period of 1939 - 1942. It covers an area of 151.70 km2 and had a population of 308,544 at the 2010 Census and 373,591 at the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The city is also the largest city of Bengkulu Province. History The British East India Company founded Bengkulu (named Bencoolen by the British), in 1685, as their new commercial centre for the region. In the 17th century, the British East India Company controlled the spice trade in the Lampung region of southern Sumatra from a port in Banten, in the north west of the neighbouring island of Java. In 1682, a troop of the Dutch East India Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Including the Komodo Islands off its west coast (but excluding the Solor Archipelago to the east of Flores), the land area is 15,530.58 km2, and the population was 1,878,875 in the 2020 Census (including various offshore islands); the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 1,897,550. The largest towns are Maumere and Ende. The name ''Flores'' is the Portuguese and Spanish word for "Flowers". Flores is located east of Sumbawa and the Komodo islands, and west of the Solor Islands and the Alor Archipelago. To the southeast is Timor. To the south, across the Sumba Strait, is Sumba island and to the north, beyond the Flores Sea, is Sulawesi. Among all islands containing Indonesian territory, Flores is the 10th most populous after Java, Sumatra, Borneo ( Kalimantan), Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, and Timor and also the 10th biggest island of Indonesia. Unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partindo
The Indonesia Party ( id, Partai Indonesia), better known as Partindo, was a nationalist political party in Indonesia that existed before independence and was revived in 1957 as a leftist party. Pre-independence party In 1927, future Indonesian president Sukarno established the pro-independence Indonesian National Party (PNI). Two years later, the concerned Dutch East Indies administration arrested and jailed Sukarno, and the PNI was banned. At the end of April 1931, Sartono, a former leading figure in the PNI, established the Indonesia Party (Partindo). It attracted the majority of the PNI membership, and campaigned for Indonesian independence from the Dutch, but was less radical than the PNI. A number of former PNI members refused to work with Partindo, and established the Indonesian National Education Club. When he was released from prison at the end of 1931, Sukarno tried to bring the two organizations together, but failed and he eventually joined Partindo. The party expanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Pledge
The Youth Pledge ( id, Sumpah Pemuda) was a declaration made on 28 October 1928 by young Indonesian nationalists in the Second Youth Congress (). They proclaimed three ideas: one motherland, one nation and one language.Ricklefs (1982) p177 Background The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then- Dutch East Indies in 1926. It produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia. The idea are Indonesian dream of independence become dream of all Indonesian youth and all youth organization empowered efforts to mobilize youth organizations in one forum. The situation at the time was tense because Dutch colonial authority have just crushed the joint rebellion between communists and religious groups in Cilegon, Banten, and West Sumatra. Wage Rudolf Supratman in preparation, composed and recorded the song "Indonesia" ( prototype of "Indonesia Raya" ) with the help of Yo Kim Tjan owner of Toko Populaire, musical store in Pasar Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
