The Youth Pledge ( id, Sumpah Pemuda) was a declaration made on 28 October 1928 by young Indonesian nationalists in the Second Youth Congress (). They proclaimed three ideas: one motherland, one nation and one language.Ricklefs (1982) p177

Background

MuseumSumpahPemuda-20-PerhimpunanPelajarPelajarIndonesia

The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then- Dutch East Indies in 1926. It produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia. The idea are Indonesian dream of independence become dream of all Indonesian youth and all youth

organization An organization or organisation (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-ise, -ize (-isation, -ization), see spelling differences), is an legal entity, entity—such as ...

empowered efforts to mobilize youth organizations in one forum. The situation at the time was tense because Dutch colonial authority have just crushed the joint rebellion between communists and religious groups in Cilegon, Banten, and West Sumatra.

Wage Rudolf Supratman Wage Rudolf Soepratman (''Wage Soepratman'' in the old orthography or commonly known as W. R. Supratman) (9 March 1903 – 17 August 1938) was an Indonesian journalist and songwriter who wrote both the lyrics and melody of the national anth ...

in preparation, composed and recorded the song "Indonesia" ( prototype of "Indonesia Raya" ) with the help of Yo Kim Tjan owner of Toko Populaire, musical store in Pasar Baru, after rejected by Dutch-owned Firma Odeon and Tio Tek Hong, owner of a vinyl store in Pasar Baru, in fear of Dutch authority. The music was recorded secretly in Yo Kim Tjan house near bilangan Gunung Sahari in 1927. In October 1928, the second Indonesian youth congress was held in three locations. In the first session held on 27 October 1928 in the Katholieke Jongelingenbond building, the hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity. The second session saw discussions about educational issues held in Oost Java Bioscoop building. In the third and final session on 28 October, it was held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 106, which was a house owned by Sie Kong Lian, this event was closed by the hearing of the future Indonesian national anthem

Indonesia Raya "" (; "Great Indonesia") is the national anthem of Indonesia. It has been the national anthem since the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. The song was introduced by its composer, Wage Rudolf Supratman, on 28 October 1 ...

played with violin, and sang by Haji Agus Salim's daughter, Theodora Atia "Dolly" Salim, but was modified slightly to not provoke Dutch authority. The congress closed with a reading of the youth pledge. Youth Pledge Museum website (Indonesian)Hudaya Latuconsina & Dedi Rafidi (1996) p123

The pledge

In Indonesian, with the original spelling, the pledge reads:

Pertama
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedoea
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.

In Indonesian with current spelling:

Pertama
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku bertumpah darah yang satu, tanah air Indonesia.
Kedua
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, mengaku berbangsa yang satu, bangsa Indonesia.
Ketiga
Kami putra dan putri Indonesia, menjunjung bahasa persatuan, bahasa Indonesia.

In English:

Firstly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.
Secondly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge to be of one nation, the nation of Indonesia.
Thirdly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.

First Congress of Indonesian Youth

* Chairman: Sugondo Djojopuspito ('' Perhimpunan Pelajar-Pelajar Indonesia/PPPI)'' * Vice Chairman: R.M.

Djoko Marsaid Djoko may refer to: * An alternative spelling of Joko or Jaka, a Javanese male name * An alternative spelling of Đoko (a diminutive of the name Đorđe (Anglicanized as "George")), a Serbian male given name See also * Đoković, a Serbian su ...

('' Jong Java'') * Secretary: Mohammad Yamin (''Jong Soematranen Bond'') * Treasurer:

Amir Sjarifuddin Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, EVO: Amir Sjarifoeddin Harahap; 27 April 1907 – 19 December 1948) was an Indonesian politician and journalist who served as the second prime minister of Indonesia from 1947 until 19 ...

( Jong Batak Bond) * Aide I:

Johan Mohammad Cai Johan * Johan (given name) * ''Johan'' (film), a 1921 Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada * Jo-Han, a manu ...

(''Jong Islamieten Bond'') * Aide II: R. Katjasoengkana (''Pemoeda Indonesia'') * Aide III: R.C.I. Sendoek (''Jong Celebes'') * Aide IV:

Johannes Leimena Johannes Leimena (Often abbreviated as J. Leimana; 6 March 1905 – 29 March 1977), more colloquially referred to as Om Jo, was an Indonesian politician, physician, and national hero. He was one of the longest-serving government ministers in I ...

(''Jong Ambon'') * Aide V:

Mohammad Rochjani Su'ud Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

(''Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi'')

National Day

As of Presidential Decree No. 316 of 1959 dated December 16, 1959, 28 October became non-holiday national day. wikisource article about national day that not holiday

References

* Hudaya Latuconsina & Dedi Rafidi (1996) ''Pelajaran Sejarah untuk SMU Jilid 2'' (''History for Senior High School Vol. 2''). Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta, * Kahin, George McTurnan (1952) ''Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia'' Cornell University Press, * Ricklefs (1982), ''A History of Modern Indonesia'', Macmillan Southeast Asian reprint,
Youth Pledge Museum website (Indonesian)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Youth Pledge Indonesian National Awakening