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DEMPDHPCA-2C-D
DEMPDHPCA-2C-D is a possible serotonergic psychedelic of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and a partial or simplified lysergamide. More specifically, the compound is a derivative of 2C-D in which the β position has been cyclized with the amine to form a pyridine ring, an LSD-like ''N'',''N''-diethylcarboxamide moiety has been added to the pyridine ring, and an ''N''-methyl group has been added to the amine. Alternatively, it may be viewed as an analogue of LSD in which the atoms at positions 1 through 4 of the ergoline ring system have been removed and 4-methyl and 2,5- dimethoxy substitutions have been added to the phenyl ring (i.e., the A ring of LSD). DEMPDHPCA-2C-D was synthesized and described by David E. Nichols in his thesis in 1973. Its pharmacology was not reported. However, several close analogues of DEMPDHPCA-2C-D, such as DEMPDHPCA and a few of its derivatives, have been reported to be potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C (psychedelics)
2C (2C-''x'') is a general name for the family of psychedelic drug, psychedelic substituted phenethylamine, phenethylamines containing Methoxy, methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 carbon, positions of a benzene ring. Most of these compounds also carry lipophilic substituents at the 4 position, usually resulting in more potent and more metabolism, metabolically stable and longer acting compounds. Most of the currently known 2C compounds were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1970s and 1980s and published in his book ''PiHKAL'' (''Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved''). Shulgin also coined the term 2C, being an acronym for the 2 carbon atoms between the benzene ring and the amino group. 2C-B is the most popular of the 2C drugs. Use The 2C drugs are oral administration, orally active, are used at oral doses of 6 to 150mg depending on the drug, and have duration of action, durations of 3 to 48hours depending on the drug. However, many have doses in the range of 10 to 60mg an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Or Simplified Lysergamide
Partial or simplified ergolines and lysergamides are analogues of ergolines and lysergamides like LSD in which one or more atoms or bonds, for instance within the ergoline ring system, have been removed. Additional substitutions may also be added, for instance on the A ring of the ergoline nucleus. It is notable that the ergoline ring system contains embedded tryptamine and phenethylamine moieties within its structure, and so some partial ergolines are simple tryptamines, cyclized tryptamines, simple phenethylamines, and/or cyclized phenethylamines. In terms of pharmacology, partial lysergamides include serotonin and dopamine receptor agonist A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine receptors. There are two families of dopamine receptors, D1-like and D2-like. They are all G protein-coupled receptors. D1- and D5-receptors belong to the D1-like family and the D2-like ...s. Some, like NDTDI, DEMPDHPCA, DEIMDHPCA, and LPH-5 (drug), LPH-5, are serotonin 5-HT2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEMPDHPCA
DEMPDHPCA is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist and a cyclized phenethylamine and simplified or partial ergoline that is structurally related to the serotonergic psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It is the analogue of LSD in which the carbon and nitrogen atoms at positions 1 through 4 of the ergoline ring system have been removed. Pharmacology DEMPDHPCA produces gross behavioral effects very similar to those of psychedelics like LSD in rodents and has been assumed to act as a hallucinogen likewise. However, the drug has not been tested in humans. DEMPDHPCA is much less potent than LSD in rodents, which was active at a dose of 0.16μmol/kg by intraperitoneal injection, whereas DEMPDHPCA was active at doses of 10 to 35μmol/kg. On the other hand, DEMPDHPCA was more potent than dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and is more potent than mescaline. Like LSD, the drug has been found to act as a potent serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist ''in vitro''. The affinitie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPH-5 (drug)
LPH-5 is a psychedelic discovered by Emil Marcher-Rørsted, Jesper L. Kristensen and Anders A. Jensen at Danish biopharmaceutical company Lophora. It is a conformationally-restricted derivative of the phenethylamine 2C-TFM, also a hallucinogen, and acts as a potent agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor (EC50 = 3.2 nM, Emax = 78%). It shows 10- to 100-fold selectivity for the 5-HT2A receptor over the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors and, along with related compounds like 25CN-NBOH, is said to be one of the few truly selective 5-HT2A receptor agonists. LPH-5 is expected to avoid the cardiac risks of 5-HT2B receptor activation. LPH-48, an analogue of LPH-5 that likewise acts as a selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen and shows similar characteristics but has a shorter duration of action, is also under development by Lophora. See also * 2C-B-PP * 2C-TFM * CYB-210010 * DEMPDHPCA * DEMPDHPCA-2C-D * DMBMPP * LPH-48 * OSU-6162 * TCB-2 TCB-2 is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ergoline
Ergoline is a core structure in many alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives. Ergoline alkaloids were first characterized in ergot. Some of these are implicated in the condition of ergotism, which can take a convulsive form or a gangrenous form. Even so, many ergoline alkaloids have been found to be clinically useful. Annual world production of ergot alkaloids has been estimated at 5,000–8,000 kg of all ergopeptines and 10,000–15,000 kg of lysergic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of semi-synthetic derivatives. Others, such as lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD, a Semisynthesis, semi-synthetic derivative, and ergine, a natural derivative found in ''Argyreia nervosa'', ''Ipomoea tricolor'' and related species, are known Psychedelic drug, psychedelic substances. Natural occurrence Ergoline alkaloids are found in fungi such as Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps paspali, and the related Periglandula, which have a permanent, symbiotic bond with numerous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Regents Of The University Of California
The Regents of the University of California (also referred to as the Board of Regents to distinguish the board from the corporation it governs of the same name) is the governing board of the University of California (UC), a state university system in the U.S. state of California. The Board of Regents has 26 voting members, the majority of whom are appointed by the governor of California to serve 12-year terms. The regents establish university policy; make decisions that determine student cost of attendance, admissions, employee compensation, and land management; and perform long-range planning for all UC campuses and locations. The regents also control the investment of UC's endowment, and they supervise the making of contracts between UC and private companies. The structure and composition of the Board of Regents is laid out in the Constitution of California, which establishes that the University of California is a "public trust" and that the regents are a "corporation" that h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delix Therapeutics, Inc
Ramipril, sold under the brand name Altace among others, is an ACE inhibitor type medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It can also be used as a preventative medication in patients over 55 years old to reduce the risk of having a heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular death in patients shown to be at high risk, such as some diabetics and patients with vascular disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and cough. Serious side effects may include liver problems, angioedema, kidney problems, and high blood potassium. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. It is an ACE inhibitor and works by decreasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Ramipril was patented in 1981 and approved for medical use in 1989. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 187th most commonly prescr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an Receptor antagonist, antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agonist. Etymology The word originates from the Ancient Greek, Greek word (''agōnistēs''), "contestant; champion; rival" < (''agōn''), "contest, combat; exertion, struggle" < (''agō''), "I lead, lead towards, conduct; drive." Types of agonists Receptor (biochemistry), Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as medication, drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological agonism an ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT2A Receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades. Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq protein, Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotic, atypical antipsychotics. Downregulation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A receptors is an adaptive response triggered by chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antipsychotics. Elevated 5-HT2A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS. Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, alprazolam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects. Types of potency The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) has stated that "potency is an imprecise term that should always be further defined", and lists of types of potency as follows: Miscellaneous Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive drug A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, mind-altering drug, consciousness-altering drug, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, functions, sources, synthesis and drug design, molecular and cellular mechanisms, organ/systems mechanisms, signal transduction/cellular communication, molecular diagnostics, interactions, chemical biology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on biological systems, and pharmacokinetics studies the effects of biological systems on a drug. In broad terms, pharmacod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
