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Celâl Bayar
Mahmut Celâlettin "Celâl" Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish economist and politician who was the third president of Turkey from 1950 to 1960. He previously served as the prime minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar began his career in the Committee of Union and Progress, establishing its Izmir and Bursa branches. Following the declaration of the Republic, he founded much of Turkey's early financial institutions, including the country's first bank, İş Bankası. An advocate of liberal economic policies, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk appointed Bayar prime minister in 1937 to liberalize the economy, until he resigned in 1939 under Atatürk's successor, İsmet İnönü. Until 1945, he was a member of Republican People's Party (CHP) which was the sole legal party. In 1946, he founded the Democrat Party along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan beginning Turkey's multiparty period, which still goes on to this day. A peaceful transf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkey
The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye (), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Turkish military. The president also heads the National Security Council. The office of the president of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye on 29 October 1923, with the first president and founder being Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Traditionally, the presidency was mostly a ceremonial position, with real executive authority being exercised by the prime minister of Turkey. However, constitutional amendments approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum abolished the office of prime minister, and vested the presidency with full executive powers, effective upon the 2018 general election. The president is directly elected by eligible Turkish voters for a five-year term. The president of Turkey is referr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party general elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 395 of the 465 seats. This election was held on the basis of open voting, secret counting and majority system, with the exception of judicial supervision (open vote, secret classification). Due to these irregularities, it has also been referred to as a "fraudulent election".Sina Akşin, ''Ana Çizgileriyle Türkiye'nin Yakın Tarihi'', İkinci Baskı, İmaj Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1996, , s. 216. Results References {{Turkish elections General elections in Turkey Turkey Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bursa
Bursa () is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of Turkey's automotive production takes place in Bursa. As of 2019, the Metropolitan Province was home to 3 238 618 inhabitants, 2 283 697 of whom lived in the 3 city urban districts (Osmangazi, Yıldırım and Nilüfer) plus Gürsu and Kestel. Its rich history provides various places of interest in Bursa. Bursa became the capital of the Ottoman Empire (back then the Ottoman Beylik) from 1335 until the 1360s. A more recent nickname is ("") referring to the parks and gardens located across the city, as well as to the vast, varied forests of the surrounding region. Bursa has a rather orderly urban growth and borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are located in Bursa, and the city's main landmarks include nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İzmir
İzmir is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara. It is on the Aegean Sea, Aegean coast of Anatolia, and is the capital of İzmir Province. In 2024, the city of İzmir had a population of 2,938,292 (in eleven urban districts), while İzmir Province had a total population of 4,493,242. Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 3,264,154 inhabitants. It extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River Delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south. İzmir has more than 3,000 years of recorded history, recorded urban history, and Yeşilova Höyük, up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. In classical antiquity, the city was known as Smyrna – a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930, when governmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Turkey
The prime minister of Turkey, officially the prime minister of the Republic of Turkey (), was the head of government of the Turkey, Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018, who led a political coalition in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Turkish Parliament and presided over the Cabinet of Turkey, cabinet. Throughout the political history of Turkey, functions and powers of the post have changed occasionally. Prior to its dissolution as a result of the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, 2017 Constitutional Referendum, the holder of the premiership was generally the dominant figure in Turkish politics, outweighing the President of Turkey, president. Premiership in the Ottoman Era In the Ottoman Empire, the prime minister of the Ottoman sultan held the title of Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Grand Vizier (), though in the 19th century, some heads of government were appointed with the title Prime Minister, (). Starting in the 1830s, Grand Viziers began to minister cabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of Turkey
The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the History of the Republic of Turkey, republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence. For a list of rulers of the predecessor Ottoman Empire, see List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire. List of presidents (1923–present) ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Status Timeline See also * President of Turkey ** List of burial places of presidents of Turkey * Vice President of Turkey * Prime Minister of Turkey ** List of prime ministers of Turkey * Çankaya Mansion * Presidential Complex (Turkey) ** Nation's Library * Presidential Guard Regiment (Turkey) * Turkish presidential elections Notes External links Past presidents Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Presidents Of Turkey Presidents of Turkey, *List Lists of political office-holders in Turkey, Presidents Lists of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of Union And Progress
The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and in the Turkey, Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. After an ideological transformation, from 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a dictatorship and committed Genocides in history#Ottoman Empire/Turkey, genocides against the Armenian genocide, Armenian, Greek genocide, Greek, and Sayfo, Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP and its members have often been referred to as "Young Turks", although the Young Turk movement produced List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire, other Ottoman political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican People's Party
The Republican People's Party (RPP; , CHP ) is a Kemalism, Kemalist and Social democracy, social democratic political party in Turkey. It is the oldest List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the List of presidents of Turkey, first president and founder of the modern Turkey, Republic of Türkiye. The party is also cited as the founding party of modern Turkey. Its logo consists of the The Six Arrows, Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, reformism, Secularism in Turkey, laicism, populism, nationalism, and statism. It is currently the second largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 135 MPs, behind the ruling conservative Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP). The political party has its origins in the various Association for Defence of National Rights, resistance groups founded during the Turkish W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilüfer Gürsoy
Nilüfer Gürsoy (; 1 June 1921 – 1 July 2024) was a Turkish philologist, politician and memoirist. She served in the parliament between 1965 and 1969, and from 1973 to 1980. She was the daughter of the third president of Turkey, Celâl Bayar. Education and academic life Nilüfer Bayar received her primary education privately at home. She then attended Maarif Koleji (later TED Ankara College) for her secondary and high school education, graduating in 1939. The same year, she studied further, philosophy at Istanbul University. After one year she enrolled in the School of Language and History – Geography of Ankara University due to her family's move to Ankara, and studied classical philology. Following her graduation, she was appointed assistant in the Department of Ancient Greek Language in 1949. She worked on the doctoral thesis "Euripides' political views", and earned a Doctor of Philology degree in 1954. She was dismissed from the university after the 1960 coup d'ét ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reşide Bayar
Reşide Bayar (12 January 1886 – 24 December 1962) was the 3rd First Lady of Turkey. She was the wife of Celal Bayar, the 3rd President of Turkey, until her death on 24 December 1962. While on a train from Istanbul to Ankara Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ( ... she died of a heart attack. By her husband she had three children, two sons, Refii and Turgut, and a daughter, Nilüfer. References 1886 births 1962 deaths First ladies of Turkey {{Turkey-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemlik
Gemlik is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 401 km2, and its population is 120,245 (2022). It is located in the east of the Gulf of Gemlik. It is approximately away from Bursa. In antiquity, Gemlik was the location of the ancient Greek town of Cius. Gemlik is an industrial port and has a freezone trade center. There are also important industrial establishments in the south and west of the harbors. The port of Gemlik is one of the busiest import harbors in Turkey. Gemlik is renowned for black olives. Etymology In the Ottoman era, the town began to be called Gemilik (Eng. shipyard), because of a shipyard in the town that built Galleons for the Ottoman Navy. As of 1920, the British were calling Gemlik, Geumlek in publications. History Ancient history Gemlik was the site of the ancient Greek city of Cius ( /ˈsaɪəs/; Greek: Kίος or Κῖος ''Kios''), later renamed Prusias on the Sea ( /ˈpruːʒəs/; Latin: ''Prusias ad Mare'') aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 27 October 1957. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote, with each electoral district electing an average of nine members. The result was a victory for the Democrat Party, which won 424 of the 610 seats. Results References {{Turkish elections Turkey Turkey General elections in Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ... October 1957 in Asia October 1957 in Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
