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Boris Melnikov (diplomat)
Boris Nikolayevich Melnikov (Russian: Борис Николаевич Мельников; 2 January 1896 – 29 July 1938) was a Soviet intelligence officer and diplomat. Biography Boris Melnikov was born in to the family of a state employee. He moved to Petrograd for work in 1915 and joined the RSDLP(b) in 1916. He was drafted in the Imperial Russian Army in 1916 and graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, in 1917. After the Russian Revolution he was a member and secretary of the Irkutsk Revolutionary Committee and until 1918 chairman of the Troitskosav Council. In July 1918 Melnikov was taken prisoner by the Japanese, in December 1918 he regained his freedom, emigrated to China, was arrested and released in 1920. He became a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee and Amur Regional Committee of the RCP(b) and a military commissar of the Amur Front Staff. From December 21, 1920, to July 13, 1921, he was a member of the Military Revolutionary Council of the 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenginsk
Selenginsk (; , ''Selengyn'', , ''Selenge'') is an types of inhabited localities in Russia, urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kabansky District of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located at the head of the Selenga River delta about from Lake Baikal and about northwest of Ulan-Ude, the capital city, capital of the republic. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 14,546. History It was established in 1961 as a Komsomol project around a paper mill. In post-Soviet times the paper mill was seen as a major source of pollution. Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement#Inhabited localities, urban-type settlement (inhabited locality) of Selenginsk is incorporated within Kabansky District as Selenginsk Urban-type settlement#Administrative divisions, Urban-Type SettlementResolution #431 (an administrative division of the distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irkutsk
Irkutsk ( ; rus, Иркутск, p=ɪrˈkutsk; Buryat language, Buryat and , ''Erhüü'', ) is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. With a population of 587,891 Irkutsk is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 25th-largest city in Russia by population, the fifth-largest in the Siberian Federal District, and one of the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, cities in Siberia. Located in the south of the eponymous oblast, the city proper lies on the Angara River, a tributary of the Yenisei River, Yenisei, about 850 kilometres (530 mi) to the south-east of Krasnoyarsk and about 520 kilometres (320 mi) north of Ulaanbaatar. The Trans-Siberian Highway (Federal M53 and M55 Highways) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia. Many distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825, and the city became an exile-post for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Yezhov
Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov ( rus, Николай Иванович Ежов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ (j)ɪˈʐof; 1 May 1895 – 4 February 1940), also spelt Ezhov, was a Soviet Chekism, secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the NKVD from 1936 to 1938, at the height of the Great Purge. Yezhov organized mass arrests, torture, and executions during the Great Purge, but he fell out of favour with Stalin and was arrested, subsequently admitting in a confession to a range of Anti-Sovietism, anti-Soviet activity including "unfounded arrests" during the Purge. He was executed in 1940 along with others who were blamed for the Purge. Early life and career Yezhov was born either in Saint Petersburg, according to his official Soviet biography, or in southwest Lithuania (probably Veiveriai, Marijampolė or Kaunas). Although Yezhov claimed to be born in Saint Petersburg, hoping to "portray (himself) in the guise of a deeply-rooted proletarian", he confessed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) secret police organization, and thus had a monopoly on intelligence and state security functions. The NKVD is known for carrying out political repression and the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin, as well as counterintelligence and other operations on the Eastern Front of World War II. The head of the NKVD was Genrikh Yagoda from 1934 to 1936, Nikolai Yezhov from 1936 to 1938, Lavrentiy Beria from 1938 to 1946, and Sergei Kruglov in 1946. First established in 1917 as the NKVD of the Russian SFSR, the ministry was tasked with regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, and its functions dispersed among other agencies before being reinstated as a commissariat of the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive Committee Of The Communist International
The Executive Committee of the Communist International, commonly known by its acronym, ECCI (Russian acronym ИККИ - for ), was the governing authority of the Comintern between the World Congresses of that body. The ECCI, established by the Founding Congress of the Comintern in 1919, was dissolved with the rest of the Comintern in May 1943. Organizational history Establishment The Communist International was established at a gathering convened in Moscow at the behest of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). As early as December 24, 1918, a radio appeal had been issued by the ruling party of Soviet Russia calling on "communists of all countries" to boycott any attempts of reformists to reestablish the Second International, but to instead "rally around the revolutionary Third International." The formal call for a conference of revolutionary socialist political parties and radical trade unions espousing revolutionary industrial unionism had been issued on January 24, 1919, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Liaison Department (Communist International)
The OMS (, ''otdel mezhdunarodnoy svyazi'' or ), also known in English as the International Liaison Department (1921–1939), was "the most secret department" of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. It has also been translated as the Illegal Liaison Section and Foreign Liaison Department. Operations In 1939, Soviet intelligence defector Walter Krivitsky described the OMS as "a worldwide network of permanently stationed agents." Moreover, "These OMS representatives hold the whip over the leaders of the Communist Party in the country where they are stationed... The most delicate job entrusted to OMS resident agents is the distribution of money to finance the Communist Parties." In 1999, the historian Raymond W. Leonard stated, "Through the auspices of the Comintern and the OMS, foreign communist parties provided a ready-made source of ideologically dedicated agents." He also speculated that the Intelligence Section "was probably the organization required by the OMS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, , or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria). The Russian Empire constructed the line from 1897 to 1902. The Railway was a concession to Russia, and later the Soviet Union, granted by the Qing dynasty government of Imperial China. The system linked Chita with Vladivostok in the Russian Far East and with Port Arthur, then an Imperial Russian leased ice-free port. The T-shaped line consisted of three branches: * the western branch, now the Harbin–Manzhouli Railway * the eastern branch, now the Harbin–Suifenhe Railway * the southern branch, now part of the Beijing–Harbin Railway which intersected in Harbin. Saint Petersburg administered the railway and the concession, known as the Chinese Eastern Railway Zone, from the city of Harbin, which grew into a major rail-hub. The southern branch of the CER, known as the Japanese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harbin
Harbin, ; zh, , s=哈尔滨, t=哈爾濱, p=Hā'ěrbīn; IPA: . is the capital of Heilongjiang, China. It is the largest city of Heilongjiang, as well as being the city with the second-largest urban area, urban population (after Shenyang, Liaoning province) and largest metropolitan area, metropolitan population (urban and rural regions together) in Northeast China. Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties, and is the List of cities in China by population and built-up area, eighth most populous Chinese city according to the Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, 2020 census. The built-up area of Harbin (which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng, Harbin, Shuangcheng and Acheng, Harbin, Acheng) had 5,841,929 inhabitants, while the total metropolitan population was up to 10,009,854, making it List of urban areas by population, one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics () was founded on 6 July 1923. It had three names during its existence: People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (1923–1946), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1946–1991) and Ministry of External Relations (1991). It was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union. The Ministry was led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs prior to 1991, and a Minister of External Relations in 1991. Every leader of the Ministry was nominated by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers and confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, and was a member of the Council of Ministers. The Ministry of External Relations negotiated diplomatic treaties, handled Soviet foreign affairs along with the International Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and aided in the guidance of world communism and anti-imperialism, both strong themes of Soviet policy. Before Mikhail Gorbachev became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberia
Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states since the lengthy conquest of Siberia, which began with the fall of the Khanate of Sibir in 1582 and concluded with the annexation of Chukotka in 1778. Siberia is vast and sparsely populated, covering an area of over , but home to roughly a quarter of Russia's population. Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Omsk are the largest cities in the area. Because Siberia is a geographic and historic concept and not a political entity, there is no single precise definition of its territorial borders. Traditionally, Siberia spans the entire expanse of land from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, with the Ural River usually forming the southernmost portion of its western boundary, and includes most of the drainage basin of the Arctic Ocean. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far Eastern Republic
The Far Eastern Republic ( rus, Дальневосточная Республика, Dal'nevostochnaya Respublika, p=dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstotɕnəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə, links=yes; ), sometimes called the Chita Republic (, ), was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East and Transbaikal. Although nominally independent, it largely came under the control of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), which envisaged it as a buffer state between the RSFSR and the territories occupied by Japan during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. The Far Eastern Republic came to an end in November 1922 when it voluntarily merged with the RSFSR, which became one of founding members of the Soviet Union the following month. Its first president was Alexander Krasnoshchyokov. The Far Eastern Republic occupied the territory of modern Zabaykalsky Krai, Amur Oblast, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amur Front
The Amur Front of the Far Eastern Republic () was a front of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic during the Russian Civil War in Transbaikal. It was created on April 22, 1920, on base of the partisan formations of the Eastern Transbaikal Front. Its operative area consisted of the following towns: Nerchinsk, Nerchinsky Zavod, Sretensk, Blagoveshchensk, Onon, and Khabarovsk. The Amur Front's headquarters was in Blagoveshchensk. The Amur Front's Makeup * 1st Transbaikal Cavalry Corps then Division ( Korotayev Yakov) * 1st Amur Infantry Division * 2nd Amur Infantry Division * 1st Amur Cavalry Brigade The Amur Front's achievements The troops of the Front repelled successfully the 1920 spring attack of Grigory Semyonov's White Cossacks and the Japanese Expeditionary Corps. The objectives of the attack were an attempt of creating the "Black Buffer" from Chita to Primorye Primorsky Krai, informally known as Primorye, is a federal subject (a krai) of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
