Transylvanian Saxon The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ...

: Härmeschtat/Hermestatt
la, Cibinium , settlement_type =

Municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality ...

, former European Capital of Culture in 2007 , image_skyline = SibiuCollage2020 (3).png , image_alt = , image_caption = From top, left to right:
Council Tower (town symbol) • Lutheran Cathedral •

Eyes of Sibiu The Eyes of Sibiu are the iconic eyebrow dormers on the roofs of Sibiu's houses. Sibiu lies in Transylvania, a historical region of Romania. The eyes, which are a symbol and a tourist attraction of the city, have given Sibiu the nicknames of ''Th ...

•

Medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

fortification A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

s •

Bridge of Lies The Bridge of Lies ( ro, Podul Minciunilor, german: Lügenbrücke) is a legendary pedestrian bridge located in the center of the Transylvanian city of Sibiu in central Romania. There are many legends surrounding the bridge because of its name. It ...

• Town hall and Jesuit Church • Brukenthal Palace • Neo-Baroque palace • modern

high-rise building A tower block, high-rise, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of flats, or office tower is a tall building, as opposed to a low-rise building and is defined differently in terms of height depending on the jurisdicti ...

s , image_flag = SibiuFlag.png , image_shield = SibiuCoatofArms.png , shield_size = x105px , shield_alt = , nickname = The Town with

Eyes Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide living organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and c ...

, motto = , image_map = Sibiu jud Sibiu.svg , map_alt = , map_caption = Location in Sibiu County , pushpin_map = Romania , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Romania , pushpin_label_position = top , pushpin_relief = 1 , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 =

County A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

, subdivision_name1 =

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...

, subdivision_type2 =

Status Status (Latin plural: ''statūs''), is a state, condition, or situation, and may refer to: * Status (law) ** City status ** Legal status, in law ** Political status, in international law ** Small entity status, in patent law ** Status conference ...

, subdivision_name2 = , established_title = Settled , established_date = 1st century BC , established_title2 = Resettled , established_date2 = 1147 , established_title3 = First off. record , established_date3 = 1191 (as ''Cibinium'') , founder = Hermann , seat_type =

, seat = , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_party = FDGR/DFDR , leader_title = Mayor , leader_name =

Astrid Fodor Astrid Cora Fodor (born 6 November 1953) is a Romanian politician of Transylvanian Saxon ethnicity. Between 2008 and 2014, she was the Deputy Mayor of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt), and since 2 December 2014 she has been the mayor of the town, ini ...

, leader_title1 = , leader_name1 = , unit_pref = Metric and later the first-most important centre of Transylvanian Romanian ethnics. The first Romanian-owned bank had its headquarters here (The ''Albina'' Bank), as did the

ASTRA Astra may refer to: People * Astra (name) Places * Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina * Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey * Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt Ent ...

(Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and Romanian's People Culture). After the

Romanian Orthodox The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchate ...

Church was granted status in the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

from the 1860s onwards, Sibiu became the Metropolitan seat, and the city is still regarded as the third-most important centre of the

Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchat ...

. Between the

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although t ...

and 1867 (the year of the ''

Ausgleich The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...

''), Hermannstadt was the meeting-place of the

Transylvanian Diet The Transylvanian Diet (german: Siebenbürgischer Landtag; hu, erdélyi országgyűlés; ro, Dieta Transilvaniei) was an important legislative, administrative and judicial body of the Principality (from 1765 Grand Principality) of Transylvania ...

, which had taken its most representative form after the Empire agreed to extend voting rights in the region. After

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, when

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

was dissolved and Sibiu became part of the

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...

; the majority of its population was still ethnically German (until 1941) and counted a large Romanian community as well as a smaller Hungarian one. Starting from the 1950s and until 1990, most of the town's ethnic Germans emigrated to

West Germany West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...

and

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

. The trend continued to a moderate extent after 1990 as well to unified

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...

. Nonetheless, among the approximately 2,000 Transylvanian Saxons who decided to remain as per the

2011 Romanian census The 2011 Romanian census was a census held in Romania between 20 and 31 October 2011. It was performed by some 120,000 census takers in around 101,000 statistic sectors throughout the country established by the National Institute of Statistics (IN ...

was

Klaus Iohannis Klaus Werner Iohannis (; ; also spelled Johannis; born 13 June 1959) is a Romanian politician, physicist and former teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became leader of the National Liberal Party (Romania), Na ...

, the

President of Romania The president of Romania ( ro, Președintele României) is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves for five years. An indiv ...

and former longtime mayor of the town between

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

and 2014, who was succeeded by

since 2014 onwards, initially

ad interim }. Name of episode 1 in season 3 of '' Berlin Station''. , - , ''aut cum scuto aut in scuto'', , either with shield or on shield, , Or, "do or die" or "no retreat". A Greek expression («Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς») that Spartan mothers sa ...

acting Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. Acting involves a bro ...

, and then, subsequently in full constitutional powers after 2016. File:Sibiu_Centru_vedere_panoramica.jpg, Panoramic view of Sibiu from 1928 File:Sibiu vedere de pe Deaulul Gusteritei.jpg, View from Gușterița hill File:Johann Böbel - Poarta Burger-Ocnei, la 1857.jpg, Burger-Ocnei gate File:Johann Bobel - Turnul Portii Cisnadiei.jpg,

Cisnădie Cisnădie (; german: Heltau; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Hielt''; hu, Nagydisznód) is a town in Sibiu County, Transylvania, central Romania, approximately south of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt). One village, Cisnădioara (german: Michelsb ...

's Gate Tower File:Johann Böbel - Strada Turnului şi biserica Evanghelică.jpg, Tower's Street and the Lutheran Cathedral File:Hermanstatt (Sibiu), 17th century engraving.jpg, Copper engraving of Sibiu (''Hermanstatt''), 1630 File:Lanzedelli - Târg în Transilvania 4.jpg, A busy market scene in Sibiu, 1818 File:Johann Böbel - Turnul Pielarilor.jpg, The Tanners' Tower, painted by Johann Böbel File:Böbel - Str. Cetatii la 1885.jpg, Citadel Square, painted by Johann Böbel

Geography

Fagaras Mountains Carpathians Romania 2017 (233304217)

Sibiu is situated near the geographical center of Romania at . Set in the Cibin Depression, the city is about from the

Făgăraș Mountains The Făgăraș Mountains ( ro, Munții Făgărașului ; hu, Fogarasi-havasok) are the highest mountains of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania. Geography The mountain range is situated in the heart of Romania, at . The range is bordered in the ...

, from the

Cibin Mountains Cindrel Mountains (also known as Cândrel Mountains, Cibin Mountains, or the Szeben Alps) are a group of mountains in central Romania in the centre of the Southern Carpathians, in the North-East of the Parâng Mountains group. From the Transylva ...

, and about from the

Lotru Mountains Lotru Mountains ( ro, Munții Lotrului) are a group of mountains that are part of the Southern Carpathians, in Romania. The highest peak is ''Șteflești Peak'' at . References External links

* * * {{cite web , url = http://www.welcom ...

, which border the depression in its southwestern section. The northern and eastern limits of Sibiu are formed by the Târnavelor Plateau, which descends to the Cibin Valley through Gușteriței Hill. The Cibin River and some smaller streams run through Sibiu. The geographical position of Sibiu makes it one of the most important transportation hubs in Romania, with important roads and railway lines passing through it, including the A1 motorway, which also serves as a heavy traffic bypass for the city.

Climate

Sibiu's climate is

humid continental A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

: ''Dfb''), with average temperatures of . The average precipitation is , and there are about 120 days of hard frost annually. Sibiu experiences 56 days per year with

fog Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface. Reprint from Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud usually resembling stratus, and is heavily inf ...

and 1.5 days with

hail Hail is a form of solid precipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English "sleet"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone. Ice pellets generally fal ...

Tourism

In 2007, Sibiu was the European Capital of Culture (alongside

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small land ...

). This was the most important cultural event that has ever happened in the town, and a great number of tourists came, both domestic and foreign. The city of Sibiu and its surroundings are one of the most visited areas in Romania, as it holds one of the best preserved historical sites in the country, many of its medieval fortifications having been kept in excellent state. Its old center has begun the process for becoming a

UNESCO World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

in 2004. Sibiu and its surrounding area have many significant museums, with 12+ institutions housing art collections, paintings, and exhibits in decorative arts, archeology, anthropology, history, industrial archeology and history of technology and natural sciences. The city also lies close to the

– a popular trekking destination, close to the city of

Păltiniș Păltiniş (german: Hohe Rinne; hu, Szebenjuharos) is a mountain resort in Transylvania, Romania, 35 km south-west from Sibiu in the Cindrel Mountains. It is situated at 1440 m altitude, being the highest resort in Romania. It lies in a c ...

and Arena Platoș ski resorts – both winter holiday destinations, and it is at the heart of the former Saxon communities in Transylvania renowned for its

fortified churches A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

Sibiu Biserica evanghelica Gusterita (5)

Since 2007, a traditional

Christmas market A Christmas market, also known as ''Christkindlmarkt'' (literally: '' Christ Child Market'', but the term "Christkind" usually refers to an angel-like "spirit of Christmas" rather than literally the Christ Child), ''Christkindlesmarkt'', ''Chri ...

has been held in Sibiu. The first of its kind in

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...

, it is inspired by Viennese Christmas markets, being a project developed by the Social Attaché of the Austrian Embassy in Romania, dr.h.c. Barbara Schöfnagel. It was held in the "Lesser Square" (Piața Mică) with 38 small stalls, a small stage and an area dedicated to children, having several mechanical attractions installed there. Since 2008, the market is held in the "Grand Square" (Piaţa Mare) grew to a number of about 70 stalls, a bigger stage was set up, where Christmas carols concerts are held. An ice skating rink and a children's workshop are also attractions which have been added in the following years. It was the first Christmas Market in Romania, but soon other Christmas markets emerged across the country. In 2013, the Sibiu Christmas markets was included in the "15 Of the Most Beautiful Christmas Markets in Europe". In 2019, Sibiu had planned to host the European Gastronomical capital, by encouraging the local producers and businesses in the field of food production and culinary and gourmet culture, traditional workshops in the villages of the region, promoting farms and gastronomic circuits, or developing public programs to support small businesses in gastronomy and of the hospitality industry in the Sibiu region.

Culture

Sibiu is one of Romania's most culturally lively cities. It has 2 theatres and a philharmonic orchestra along with other smaller private theatrical venues and a theatre studio housed by the Performing Arts and Acting section of Lucian Blaga University, where students hold monthly representations. The

Radu Stanca National Theatre The Radu Stanca National Theatre ( ro, Teatrul Național "Radu Stanca" Sibiu, abbreviation: TNRS) is a theatre in Sibiu, Romania, which began construction in 1788. It is one of the longest-standing theatres in Romania and one of the main structures ...

is one of the leading Romanian theatres. With origins dating back to 1787, it attracts some of the best-known Romanian directors, such as

Gábor Tompa Gábor Tompa (born 8 August 1957 in Târgu Mureș) is an internationally renowned Hungarian theater and film director, poet, essayist and teacher. Between 2007 and 2016 he was the Head of Directing at the Theatre and Dance Department of the Univers ...

and Silviu Purcărete. It has both a Romanian-language and a German-language section, and presents an average of five shows a week. The Gong Theatre is specialised in puppetry, mime and non-conventional shows for children and teenagers. It also presents shows in both Romanian and German. The

State Philharmonic of Sibiu The State Philharmonic Orchestra of Sibiu ( ro, Filarmonica de Stat Sibiu) is an orchestra from Romania. History In the 16th century, Sibiu had one of the first European schools for organ, funded by Hyeronymus Ostermayer and the city's archive c ...

presents weekly classical music concerts, and educational concerts for children and teenagers. The concerts take place in the newly restored

Thalia Hall The Thalia Hall ( ro, Sala Thalia) is a theatre and concert hall situated in Sibiu, Romania. As of October 7, 2004, the hall serves as the new location of the State Philharmonic of Sibiu.Evangelical Cathedral during summers, and thematic concerts are presented by the Faculty of Theology choir at the Orthodox Cathedral. The

Sibiu International Theatre Festival The Sibiu International Theatre Festival ( ro, Festivalul Internațional de Teatru de la Sibiu) is one of the most important theatre and performing arts festivals in the world, and the third biggest, after the Festival d'Avignon and the Edinburgh In ...

is an annual festival of performing arts. Since 2016, it is the largest performance arts festival in the world. Brukenthalpalais Hermannstadt

Museums and parks

Sibiu's museums are organised around two entities: the

Brukenthal National Museum The Brukenthal National Museum ( ro, Muzeul Național Brukenthal; german: Brukenthalmuseum) is a museum in Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania, established in the late 18th century by Samuel von Brukenthal (1721-1803) in his city palace. Baron Bruken ...

and the

ASTRA National Museum Complex "ASTRA" National Museum Complex ( ro, Complexul Naţional Muzeal "ASTRA") is a museum complex in Sibiu, Romania, which gathers under the same authority four ethnology and civilisation museums in the city, a series of laboratories for conservation ...

. The Brukenthal Museum consists of an Art Gallery and an Old Books Library located inside the Brukenthal Palace, a History Museum located in the old town hall building, a Pharmacy Museum located in one of the first

apothecary ''Apothecary'' () is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North Amer ...

shops in Europe, dating from the 16th century, a Natural History Museum and a Museum of Arms and Hunting Trophies. The

focuses on ethnography, and consists of a Traditional Folk Civilisation Museum, a 96-hectare open-air museum located in Dumbrava Forest south of Sibiu, a Universal Ethnography Museum, a Museum of Transylvanian Civilisation and a Museum of Saxon Ethnography and Folk Art. Also planned is a Museum of the Culture and Civilisation of the Romany People. The

Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park ( ro, Parcul Natural Dumbrava Sibiului) ( natural park category V IUCN) is a protected area situated in central Romania, in Sibiu County, in administrative territory of Sibiu city. Description Dumbrava Sibiul ...

stretches over and it is away from the center of the city in the southwest direction along the road towards Rășinari. Also, here you can find the Zoological Garden and Ethnography Museum. There is a Steam Locomotives Museum close to the railway station, sheltering around 40

locomotives A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, motor coach, railcar or power car; th ...

, two of which are functional. The first park in the city was The Promenade, later called "The Disabled Promenade." established in 1791, today part of Parcul Cetății (Citadel Park). Current arrangement of the park, including the space between the walls, dates from 1928. The Sub Arini Park, established between 1857 and 1859 based on plans of military engineer Michael Seyfried, is one of the biggest and best-maintained parks in Romania. There are other green spaces in the city center, the best known being Astra Park, established in 1879. Other parks: Tineretului Park, Reconstrucției Park, Corneliu Coposu Park, Petöfi Sándor Park, Piața Cluj Park, Ștrand Park, Cristianului Park, Țițeica Park, Vasile Aaron Park, Lira Park. The distribution of green space is good compared to other Romanian cities.

Events

Several festivals are organised yearly in Sibiu, the most prestigious of them being the

, organized each spring at the end of May. Medieval Festival organized every year in August, reviving the medieval spirit of

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ...

. The

Artmania Festival The Artmania Festival (stylized as ARTmaИ!a Festival) is an art festival, held in the Romanian town of Sibiu. The festival, one of the most important projects developed by ARTmania, , ARTmania's Projects was first organized in the summer of 20 ...

is held every Summer since 2006 and as of 2008 the Rockin' Transilvania Festival is also held in Sibiu. The oldest Jazz Festival in Romania is organized here, as well as the "Carl Filtsch" festival for young classical piano players, the "Astra Film" documentary film festival, the Transylvania calling Festival a Multi Cultural 6-day Open Air Music festival! 26–31 July 2007, a medieval arts festival and many more smaller cultural events.

Feeric Fashion Week Since 2008, Feeric Fashion Week has developed as an international fashion hub for designers coming from more than 20 countries and 4 continents. It is based in the city of Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania, and it is covered by fashion press like ''V ...

is also hosted here. Sibiu was awarded by IGCAT (International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism) to be part of the European Regions of Gastronomy program, event that will promote in 2019 the region's culinary heritage, multi-ethnic traditions and multi-cultural community.

European Cultural Capital

The designation of Sibiu/Hermannstadt as European Cultural Capital in 2007 was owed greatly to the excellent collaboration with

(and to the noteworthy historical ties between the Transylvanian Saxon community and

), but also to what many regard as a miraculous social rebirth taking place in the town during the last years. The Cultural Capital status was expected to bring about an abrupt increase in quantity and quality of cultural events in 2007 and so it did.

Administration

The town government is headed by a mayor. Since 2014, the office is held by

from the

Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania The Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (german: Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien, DFDR; ro, Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România, FDGR; in short or ) is a political party (legally recognized as an association of public ...

(FDGR/DFDR), who replaced

, the latter having become the 5th president of Romania. Iohannis, a

, was mayor from 2000 to 2014, despite ethnic Germans nowadays making up less than 2% of Sibiu's population. Decisions are approved and discussed by the local government ( ro, Consiliu local) made up of 23 elected councillors. Sibiu is the capital of the

Sibiu County Sibiu County () is a county ( ro, județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat ( ro, reședință de județ) is the namesake town of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt). Name In Hungarian, it is known as ''Szeben m ...

City districts

Sibiu is divided into the following districts: * Historical center (divided into the Upper and Lower Town) * Center (south-west of the historical center) * Broscărie * Dumbrăvii *

Gușterița Gușterița (german: Hammersdorf, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Hammersterf'') is a district or neighbourhood of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt), Sibiu County (german: Kreis Hermannstadt), southern Transylvania (german: Siebenbürgen), Romania. History ...

(german: link=no, Hammersdorf) * Hipodrom I, II, III, IV *

Lazaret A lazaretto or lazaret (from it, lazzaretto a diminutive form of the Italian word for beggar cf. lazzaro) is a quarantine station for maritime travellers. Lazarets can be ships permanently at anchor, isolated islands, or mainland buildings. ...

* Lupeni * Piața Cluj (named after

Cluj ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Status , subdivision_name2 = County seat , settlement_type = City , le ...

) * Reșița (named after

Reșița Reșița (; german: link=no, Reschitz; hu, Resicabánya; hr, Ričica; cz, Rešice; sr, Решица/Rešica; tr, Reşçe) is a city in western Romania and the capital of Caraș-Severin County. It is located in the Banat region. The city ha ...

) *

Ștrand Ștrand is a residential district of Sibiu, Romania, located in the western part of the city. The district is located around the swimming pool complex of the city, the name deriving from that fact. It is separated into two smaller neighborhoods: Ș ...

* Terezian * Tilișca * Tineretului *

Trei Stejari Trei Stejari ( en, Three Oaks) is a district near the center of Sibiu, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the ...

Turnișor Turnișor ( en, Little Tower, german: Neppendorf) is a residential district of Sibiu, Romania. It was previously a Saxon village on the outskirts of the city but over the course of several years it was integrated into the city, becoming a distric ...

(german: link=no, Neppendorf) *

Țiglari Țiglari is a district of Sibiu, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Uk ...

Valea Aurie Valea Aurie is a residential district of Sibiu, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to ...

Vasile Aaron Vasile Aaron (; 1770—1822) was an ethnic Romanian lawyer and poet who lived in the Austrian Empire. Born in Glogoveț, Alba County, he attended high school in Blaj, followed by Law studies in Cluj. Moving to Sibiu to work as a lawyer, ...

* Veteranilor de Război * Viile Sibiului Some of them were villages annexed by the city as it grew, others were built as the city developed and increased its surface. The

and the Zoo, located in the south, also fall within city limits. The

ski resort, located 35 kilometres to the south, is also administered by Sibiu. While

Șelimbăr Șelimbăr (german: Schellenberg; hu, Sellenberk) is a commune in central Romania, in the county of Sibiu in Transylvania, to the east of the county seat Sibiu. The village of Șelimbăr has been known to exist since 1323 and is the site of the ...

and the ''Arhitecților'' district of

are not part of Sibiu proper, they are adjacent to the city limits and often considered part of it.

Demographics

At the

2011 census Eleven or 11 may refer to: * 11 (number), the natural number following 10 and preceding 12 * one of the years 11 BC, AD 11, 1911, 2011, or any year ending in 11 Literature * ''Eleven'' (novel), a 2006 novel by British author David Llewellyn *'' ...

, Sibiu had a population of 147,245, a 5% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2002 census. The ethnic breakdown was as follows:

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym '' Vlachs'') are a Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2011 Roman ...

95.9%,

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Ural ...

1.6%,

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

(

Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ( ...

) 1.1%, and

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council * Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

0.4%. A 2017 estimate placed the population at 169,316, a 14.98% increase since 2011. This increase made Sibiu's population surpass the numbers observed in 1992 when the previously highest population was recorded. As of the 2021 census data, 134,309 inhabitants live within the city limits, an 8.8% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census.

Population dynamics

Population by religious denomination

Today, most of the population is Romanian Orthodox.

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

s and

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

s represent about 5% of the population.

Economy

Sibiu is an important economic hub for Romania, with a high rate of foreign investments. It is also an important hub for the manufacturing of automotive components and houses factories belonging to

ThyssenKrupp ThyssenKrupp AG (, ; stylized as thyssenkrupp) is a German industrial engineering and steel production multinational conglomerate. It is the result of the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and ...

Bilstein-Compa,

Takata Corporation was a Japanese automotive parts company. The company had production facilities on four continents, with its European headquarters located in Germany.Anghel, Alexandru (December 10, 2009)."Takata Petri hires 1,000 people in half a year in Arad and ...

Continental Automotive Systems Continental Automotive Systems (CAS), founded in 1906 by Alfred Teves, a division of the German Continental AG, was a brake and electronics supplier to the automotive industry, supplying systems, components, electronics, lithium-ion batteries a ...

Marquardt Group Marquardt, a family-run company founded in 1925 and based in Rietheim-Weilheim, Germany, is a manufacturer of electromechanical and electronic switches and switching systems. The products of the company are used by customers in the automotive i ...

and NTN-SNR ball bearings. Other local industries are machine components, textiles, agro-industry, and electrical components ( Siemens). The city also contained Romania's second-largest stock exchange, the

Sibiu Stock Exchange The Sibex-Sibiu Stock Exchange (''Sibex S.A.'' in Romanian) was a stock exchange and futures exchange in Romania that was the largest market for Futures and Options trading in Romania. It was established in 1994 and finally merged with the Bucha ...

, which merged with the

Bucharest Stock Exchange The Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB) (Romanian: ''Bursa de Valori București'') is the stock exchange of Romania located in Bucharest. In 2019, the capitalization of BVB increased 23.4% compared to the previous year, to the value of EUR 37.8 billion ...

in 2018. The main industrial activities of Sibiu take place in two industrial zones located on the outskirts of the city: *East industrial zone (East Economic Center), alongside the railway to

Brașov Brașov (, , ; german: Kronstadt; hu, Brassó; la, Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Kruhnen'') is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County. According to the latest Romanian census ( 2011), Brașov has a po ...

and

Râmnicu Vâlcea Râmnicu Vâlcea (also spelled ''Rîmnicu Vîlcea'' or, in the past, ''Rîmnic-Vâlcea'', ) (population: 92,573 as per the 2011 Romanian census) is the county capital ( ro, Reședință de județ) and also the largest town of Vâlcea County, cent ...

*West industrial zone (West Economic Center), near the exit to

Sebeș Sebeș (; German: ''Mühlbach''; Hungarian: ''Szászsebes''; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Melnbach'') is a city in Alba County, central Romania, southern Transylvania. Geography The city lies in the Mureș River valley and straddles the r ...

, close to the

Airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...

A commercial zone located in the

commune plays an important role in the economy of Sibiu. It houses a mall and other large retailers. Another factor that plays an important role in the economy of the city is tourism, which has been increasing at a steady rate since 2007.

Transport

Sibiu is well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. In 2010 a city bypass was opened, significantly reducing the road traffic inside the city.

Tursib Tursib is the local public transport operator in Sibiu, Romania, operating bus service. It also services outlying areas and villages. It is a joint-stock company created in 1998. Originally, Tursib's network also included trolleybuses and a sub ...

is the city's internal transportation system operator.

Air

Sibiu International Airport is one of the most modern international airports in Romania, with direct connections to Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain.

Road

Sibiu is an important node in the European road network, being on two different European routes (E68 and E81). At a national level, Sibiu is located on three different main national roads, DN1, DN7 and DN14. The Romanian Motorway A1 will link the city with

Pitești Pitești () is a city in Romania, located on the river Argeș. The capital and largest city of Argeș County, it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical re ...

and the Romanian western border, near

Arad Arad or ARAD may refer to: People * Arad (given name) * Arad (surname) Places and jurisdictions Bahrain * Arad, Bahrain, a village in Al Muharraq Governorate * Arad Fort, located on Arad shore * Arad Island, a former member of the Bahrain Islan ...

. From the remaining of motorway towards the border with Hungary Nadlac, a total of is completed and the last are currently under construction, while the timeline for the segment towards Pitești is targeted for completion for the year 2025 (construction will start no sooner than 2019). Sibiu' s

ring road A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop, bypass or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city, or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist i ...

as part of

A1 motorway A1, A-1, A01 or A.1. may refer to: Education * A1, the Basic Language Certificate of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages * Language A1, the former name for "Language A: literature", one of the IB Group 1 subjects * A1, a ...

was completed on 1 December 2010. Sibiu is also an important hub for the international bus links with the biggest passenger transporter in Romania, Atlassib, based here. Transport companies are also providing coach connections from Sibiu to a large number of locations in Romania. Sibiu MAZ bus 3

Rail

Sibiu is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 200 (Brasov – Făgăraș – Sibiu – Simeria – Arad – Romanian Western Border) and on Line 206 (Sibiu – Mediaș). The city is served by five rail stations: the Main Station (''Gara Mare''), the Little Station (''Gara Mică''), Turnișor, Sibiu Triaj, and Halta Ateliere Zonă. It has an important diesel-powered locomotive depot and a freight terminal. Numerous interregional trains (nicknamed Blue Arrows) connect Sibiu to other major cities in Romania: Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Craiova, Timișoara, and Bucharest.

Cycling

Over the last six years, Sibiu has enjoyed a revival of cycling. The city has 43 kilometers of bicycle lanes. A new bike path with a completion date in 2023 will run the length of the Cibin River, creating a green corridor from the Ștrand to Broscărie neighbourhoods, via Gușterița. Bicycle rentals have offered a boost for the local economy with several small rental centers and a bigger rental center that is administered by the I'Velo Bike Sharing group.

Health

Sibiu is one of the important medical centers of Romania, housing many important medical facilities: * County Hospital * Academic Emergency Hospital; * Hospital of Pediatrics; * Military Emergency Hospital; * CFR Hospital (Romanian Railways Hospital); * "Dr. Gheorghe Preda" Psychiatry Hospital * other smaller private clinics The city also houses one of the largest private hospitals in the country, Polisano.

Education

Sibiu is an important centre of higher education, with over 23,000 students in four public and private higher institutions. The

Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Lucian of Samosata, '; la, Lucianus Samosatensis ( 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstitio ...

was founded in 1990, with five faculties: Engineering and Sciences; Language Sciences; History and Law; Medicine; Food and Textile Processing Technology. Nowadays, there are 10 faculties and departments. Sibiu also houses the

Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy The Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Military Academy ( ro, Academia Forțelor Terestre "Nicolae Bălcescu”) is an institute of higher military education located in Sibiu, Romania. The institution was established July 1, 1920, at the initiative of ...

and the Military Foreign Language Center as well as two private universities, ''Romanian-German University'' and ''Alma Mater University''. In Sibiu there are 20 educational institutions on the secondary level, the most important of which are: * Gheorghe Lazăr National College – sciences and informatics, first opened in 1692 as a

Jesuit College The Jesuits (Society of Jesus) in the Catholic Church have founded and managed a number of educational institutions, including the notable secondary schools, colleges and universities listed here. Some of these universities are in the United Stat ...

Gheorghe Lazar National College in Sibiu

Samuel von Brukenthal National College Samuel von Brukenthal National College (german: Samuel-von-Brukenthal-Gymnasium, ro, Colegiul Național „Samuel von Brukenthal”, hu, Samuel von Brukenthal Főgimnázium ) is a German-language high school founded in Nagyszeben, Transylvania ...

– linguistics, sciences and informatics, German language high school *

Octavian Goga Octavian Goga (; 1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator. Life and politics Goga was born in Rășinari, near Sibiu. Goga was an active member in the Romanian nationalis ...

National College – social sciences, sciences, informatics and linguistics *

Onisifor Ghibu Onisifor Ghibu (May 31, 1883 – October 3, 1972) was a Romanian teacher of pedagogy, member of the Romanian Academy, and politician. Biography Early life Born into a peasant family in Szelistye (now Săliște, Romania), near Nagyszeben (now Si ...

Theoretical Highschool – informatics, sciences, sports, theater and linguistics *

Andrei Șaguna Andrei Șaguna (; 20 January 1808, Miskolc, Hungary – 28 June 1873, Nagyszeben, Hungary) was a Metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania, and one of the Romanian community political leaders in the Habsburg monarchy, ...

National College – training for school teacher and linguistics *

Constantin Noica Constantin Noica (; – 4 December 1987) was a Romanian philosopher, essayist and poet. His preoccupations were throughout all philosophy, from epistemology, philosophy of culture, axiology and philosophic anthropology to ontology and logics ...

Theoretical Highschool – sciences and linguistics *Daniel Popovici Barcianu Highschool – agricultural sciences * George Baritiu National College – economic sciences *

Nicolae Iorga Nicolae Iorga (; sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. 17 January 1871 – 27 November 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, Albanologist, poet ...

Elementary school * Regina Maria Elementary school

Sports

The city houses a football stadium, a multi-functional arena building (

Sala Transilvania Sala Transilvania is an indoor arena in Sibiu, Romania Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located ...

), a rugby court, a municipal pool and several private tennis courts. Also, several sports international competitions are taking place every year:

Sibiu Cycling Tour The Sibiu Cycling Tour (Cycling Tour of Sibiu until 2015) is a 2.1 category professional bicycle road race held in Sibiu, Romania. Its first edition took place in July 2011, as part of the UCI Europe Tour. The race is organised with the support o ...

(in July),

Red Bull Romaniacs Hard Enduro Rallye The Red Bull Romaniacs hard enduro rallye is a off road motorcycle race run annually in Sibiu, Romania. It was created in 2004 by founder Martin Freinademetz. The event takes place every year and attracts competitors from more than 52 + nations. The ...

(around July),

Sibiu Open The Sibiu Open is a tennis tournament held in Sibiu, Romania since 2012. In early 2012 it was announced that BRD – Groupe Société Générale will sponsor 4 Romanian ATP Challenger Tour tournaments with Sibiu chosen to host a brand new tourname ...

(formerly held in September), Sibiu Rally (currently held in October). Football Sibiu has had a long football tradition, starting in 1913 with the founding of

Șoimii Sibiu Șoimii Sibiu (Falcons Sibiu) was a football team from Sibiu. They were founded in 1913 and disappeared in 2001. They were a main team in Sibiu, being four times regional champions of Sibiu. Their best pre-war performance was defeating the 6-t ...

, which was the launchpad of

Ilie Oană Ilie Oană (16 August 1918 – 27 April 1993) was a football player and manager who represented and coached the Romania national football team. Career Oană was born in Indiana Harbor to Romanian parents who emigrated from Transylvania before t ...

's career, who later became a star of

FC Petrolul Ploiești Asociația Clubul Sportiv Petrolul 52, commonly known as Petrolul Ploiești () or simply as Petrolul, is a Romanian professional football club based in Ploiești, Prahova County, which competes in the Liga I. Founded in 1924 in capital Buchar ...

. Later came

Societatea Gimnastică Sibiu Gymnastics Society Sibiu ( ro, Societatea de Gimnastică Sibiu, german: Hermannstädter Turnverein - HTV) was a German sport club based in Sibiu. At that time the city was part of Austria-Hungary and after part of Romania. History The Sibiu Gymna ...

, a sport club of Sibiu's Transylvanian Saxon community, which's best performance was reaching the

Divizia A The Liga I (; ''First League''), also spelled as Liga 1, is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs. Currently sponsored by betting company Superbet, it is officially known as the SuperLiga. It is the country's top ...

final in the 1930–31 season. The best ever football team from Sibiu, based on performances, was Inter Sibiu, which had finished 4th after the 1990–91 season and had won the

Balkans Cup The Balkans Cup was an international football competition for clubs from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. It was introduced in 1961 and was very popular in the 1960s (the 1967 final attracted 42,000 spectators), being ...

during the same season. During the 21st century, the city has been represented by

FC Sibiu FC Sibiu was a Romanian professional football club from Sibiu, Sibiu county, founded in 2003 and dissolved in 2007. Honours Liga II: *Runners-up (1): 2004–05 Liga III: *Winners (1): 2003–04 League history Notable Managers * Jean Gavril� ...

and Voința Sibiu (of which only the latter has reached

Liga I The Liga I (; ''First League''), also spelled as Liga 1, is a Romanian professional league for men's association football clubs. Currently sponsored by betting company Superbet, it is officially known as the SuperLiga. It is the country's top ...

). Currently,

FC Hermannstadt Asociația Fotbal Club Hermannstadt (), commonly known as FC Hermannstadt, Hermannstadt or familiarly as Sibiu (), is a Romanian professional football club based in the city of Sibiu (german: Hermannstadt), Sibiu County, which currently compete ...

is the only major football team representing Sibiu, playing in the top level of the Romanian football pyramid, the Superliga, season 2022–2023. Starting with the 10th of December 2022, the team's home ground is the rebuilt 13000 seats Sibiu main stadium in the Sub Arini Park, the Stadionul Municipal Sibiu, the inaugural match ending with a 4–0 victory over first placed Farul Constanța. Basketball CSU Sibiu, one of the best Romanian

basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's h ...

teams at the moment, represents Sibiu in the top tier of Romanian basketball, Liga Națională. Handball The city's handball team is called CSM Sibiu. Additionally, the nearby town of

has a women's team in the first league, CS Măgura. Rugby * CSM Sibiu Volleyball * CSM Sibiu (men) * CSS Sibiu (women) Speed Skating * CSS Sibiu

Natives

Michael Gottlieb Agnethler Michael Gottlieb Agnethler (10 June 1719 – 15 June 1752) was a German botanist and numismatist. Early life Michael Agnethler was born to an aristocratic Transylvanian Saxon family of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu, Romania). The Agnethlers had been ...

, botanist *

Alexandru Apolzan Alexandru Apolzan (6 February 1927 – 23 December 1982) was a Romanian footballer, who played as a defender, mainly for Steaua București and also for Romania. He has been credited with the invention of the sweeper role and is considered one o ...

, football player *

Arthur Arz von Straussenburg Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more w ...

, Austro-Hungarian general *

Florin Barbu Florin Barbu (born 6 April 1974 in Sibiu, Romania) is a bass player. Florin played in Romanian bands Arca, Timpuri Noi, Proconsul, Blazzaj, Partizan and Cargo. Florin Barbu was awarded with Cultural Merit Order, as Knight. In 2017 he became Hon ...

, bass player in Romanian bands Timpuri Noi and Proconsul *

Claudiu Baștea Claudiu Baştea (born 18 March 1979 in Sibiu) is a Romanian judoka is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』� ...

, judoka *

Ion Besoiu Ion Besoiu (; 11 March 1931 – 18 January 2017) was a Romanian actor. Biography He was born in Sibiu in 1931 and graduated the city's Theater and Music Academy. After making his debut in 1957, he played for 16 years at the Radu Stanca National ...

, Romanian actor *

Miklós Borsos Miklós Borsos (13 August 1906 – 27 January 1990) was a Hungarian sculptor and medallist. His style integrated elements of archaic art and classicism with modern elements. Biography Born in Nagyszeben, Transylvania (present-day Sibiu, Romani ...

, Hungarian sculptor *

Dan Burincă Dan Burincă (born 17 June 1972 in Sibiu, Romania) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who specialized in rings. He is a silver Olympic medalist and a multiple world medalist on rings. After retirement he coached at CSS Cetate Deva Romania an ...

, Olympic artistic gymnast *

Andrei Codrescu Andrei Codrescu (; born December 20, 1946) is a Romanian-born American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator for National Public Radio. He is the winner of the Peabody Award for his film ''Road Scholar'' and the Ovid Prize for ...

, American writer *

Sabina Cojocar Sabina Carolina Cojocar (born 23 October 1985) is a Romanian retired international elite artistic gymnast and singer. She became a world gold medalist with the Romanian women's gymnastics team in 2001 and is also a five-time medalist at the 200 ...

, Romanian gymnast *

Alexandru Curtean Alexandru Paul Curtean (born 27 March 1987 in Sibiu) is a Romanian footballer who played as a midfielder. Personal life Born in Sibiu, Curtean was born into a sporting family. His father, Dan Curtean, was also a football player in the ea ...

, football player *

Florin Diacu Florin Nicolae Diacu (; April 24, 1959 – February 13, 2018) was a Romanian Canadian mathematician and author. Education and career He graduated with a Diploma in Mathematics from the University of Bucharest in 1983. Between 1983 and 1988 he ...

, Romanian-Canadian mathematician * Steve Holmes, German pornographic actor * Victor Iliu, Romanian film director *

, 5th President of Romania *

Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten (16 September 1860 – 7 August 1934) was a colonel general of the Austrian Imperial Army.Siege of Przemyśl The siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege in Europe during the First World War. The siege was a crushing defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by the Russian Army. Przemyśl (german: Premissel) was a fortress-town and stronghold on the River Sa ...

Mircea Mureșan Mircea Mureșan (11 November 1928 – 24 April 2020) was a Romanian film director. He directed 22 films between 1961 and 2004. Mureșan won the prize for Best First Work at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival for the film ''Răscoala''. Born in ...

, Romanian film director *

Alexandru Mușina Alexandru Muşina (; July 1, 1954 in Sibiu – June 19, 2013 in Brasov) was a Romanian poet, essayist, and editor Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, photographic, visual, audible, or cinematic material used b ...

, Romanian poet *

Steliana Nistor Steliana Nistor (born 15 September 1989) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast. She was a key member of the Romanian team between 2006 and 2008, where she helped the Romania win team bronze medals at the 2007 World Championships and the 2008 Oly ...

, Romanian gymnast *

Hermann Oberth Hermann Julius Oberth (; 25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Konstantin Ts ...

, space flight technology pioneer *

Nicolaus Olahus Nicolaus Olahus (Latin for ''Nicholas, the Vlach''; hu, Oláh Miklós; ro, Nicolae Valahul); 10 January 1493 – 15 January 1568) was the Archbishop of Esztergom, Primate of Hungary, and a distinguished Catholic prelate, humanist and histori ...

, Catholic archbishop of Esztergom *

Valerian Onițiu Valerian Oniţiu (also Valeriu Oniţiu) (April 8, 1872, Sibiu, Romania – 31 December 1948, Timișoara) was a Romanian chess problemist. Oniţiu composed all types of problems particularly fairy chess problems. Oniţiu has ten chess problems i ...

, chess problemist *

Oskar Pastior Oskar Pastior (; 20 October 1927 – 4 October 2006) was a Romanian-born German poet and translator. He was the only German member of Oulipo. Biography Born into a Transylvanian Saxon family in Sibiu (Hermannstadt), he was deported in January 19 ...

, poet and translator *

Dan Perjovschi Dan Perjovschi is an artist, writer and cartoonist born on 29 October 1961 in Sibiu, Romania. Perjovschi has over the past decade created drawings in museum spaces, most recently in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in which he created ...

, Romanian artist *

Claudia Presecan Claudia may refer to: People Ancient Romans *Any woman from the Roman Claudia gens * Claudia (vestal), a Vestal Virgin who protected her father Appius Claudius Pulcher in 143 BC *Claudia Augusta (63–63 AD), infant daughter of Nero by his second ...

, Romanian gymnast *

Erna Rubinstein Erna Rubinstein (March 2, 1903–1966), born Ernesztina Rubinstein, was a Hungarian violinist. Early life Ernesztina Rubinstein was born in Sibiu in 1903. Her mother was a singer. She studied violin with József Füredi in Debrecen, and with ...

, Hungarian violinist *

Iancu Sasul Iancu Sasul (''John the Saxon'') or Ioan Vodă V (''Voivode John V''; d. September 28, 1582 in Lviv) was the bastard son of Petru Rareş from his relationship with the wife of Braşov Transylvanian Saxon Iorg (Jürgen) Weiss, and Prince of Moldav ...

, Moldavian ruler *

Tobias Stranover Tobias Stranover or Toby Stranovius (1684–1756) was a Transylvanian Saxon born painter (1684–after 1731). Stranover was born in Hermannstadt but travelled to Germany, the Netherlands, and England, where he stayed. He is registered in Hamburg, ...

, Transylvanian Saxon painter *

Jenő Szemák Jenő Szemák (4 February 1887 – 30 July 1971) was a Hungarian jurist, who served as President of the Curia Regia from 1944 to 1945. He finished his legal studies in Kolozsvár (today: ''Cluj-Napoca, Romania''). He taught at the Calvinist L ...

, Hungarian jurist *

Viorel Tilea Viorel Virgil Tilea C.B.E. (6 April 1896 – 20 September 1972) was a Romanian diplomat, most noted for his ambassadorship in the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He died in London. During the Second World War, Tilea lived at Holton Pla ...

, Romanian diplomat *

Melania Ursu Melania Ursu (July 16, 1940 – January 12, 2016) was a Romanian stage and film actress. Born in Sibiu, she graduated from the Institute of Theatre and Film Arts (IATC) in 1961. Ursu performed at the Cluj-Napoca National Theatre. From 1977 to 1 ...

, stage and film actress *

Radu Vasile Radu Vasile (; 10 October 1942 – 3 July 2013) was a Romanian politician, historian, and poet. Originally a member of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD), Vasile served as the Prime Minister of Romania between 17 April 1 ...

, politician, Prime Minister of Romania *

Delia Velculescu Delia Velculescu (born in 1975) is a Romanian-American economist and the IMF mission chief in Greece during the Greek government debt crisis, before her replacement by Peter Dolman in 2018. She was born Delia Moraru in the city of Sibiu, in Transy ...

, Romanian-American economist *

Adele Zay Adele Zay (29 February 1848 – 29 December 1928) was a Transylvanian teacher, feminist and pedagogue. Her family were part of the German-speaking community of the Kingdom of Hungary. Because of her father's death during her infancy, Zay's educa ...

, Transylvanian-Saxon who established the kindergarten system in Hungary and then Romania

International relations

Twin towns

Sibiu has twinning agreements with: *

Bauru Bauru () is a Brazilian municipality in midwestern region of the state of São Paulo. It is the main city of the mesoregion and microregion of Bauru. The population is 379,297 (2020 est.) in an area of 667.68 km². Established in 1896, ...

, Brazil, since 1995. *

Butuan Butuan (pronounced ), officially the City of Butuan ( ceb, Dakbayan sa Butuan; Butuanon: ''Dakbayan hong Butuan''; fil, Lungsod ng Butuan), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Caraga, Philippines. It is the ''de facto'' ...

, Philippines * Columbia, Missouri, USA, since 1994. *

Deventer Deventer (; Sallands: ) is a city and municipality in the Salland historical region of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands. In 2020, Deventer had a population of 100,913. The city is largely situated on the east bank of the river IJssel, ...

, Netherlands, since 2007. Sibiu Town Hall Official Site
Acordul de infratire intre Sibiu si orasul Deventer din Olanda
, 23 May 2007 *

Klagenfurt Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16. Jänner 2008, Stück 1, Nr. 1: ''Gesetz vom 25. Oktober 2007, mit dem die Kärntner Landesverfassung und das Klagenfurter Stadtrecht 1998 geändert werden.'/ref> (; ; sl, Celovec), usually ...

, Austria, since 1990. * Landshut, Germany, since 2002. *

Marburg Marburg ( or ) is a university town in the German federal state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (''Landkreis''). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has a population of approx ...

, Germany, since 2005. *

Mechelen Mechelen (; french: Malines ; traditional English name: MechlinMechelen has been known in English as ''Mechlin'', from where the adjective ''Mechlinian'' is derived. This name may still be used, especially in a traditional or historical contex ...

, Belgium, since 1996. *

Rennes Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine departm ...

, France, since 1999. *

Valencia, Venezuela Valencia () is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela. The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay m ...

, since 1993. * Wirral, United Kingdom, since 1994. *

Takayama, Gifu Takayama City Hall is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 88,473 in 35,644 households, and a population density of 41 persons per km2. The total area of the city was making it the largest city ...

, Japan, since 2009. *

Durham Durham most commonly refers to: *Durham, England, a cathedral city and the county town of County Durham *County Durham, an English county * Durham County, North Carolina, a county in North Carolina, United States *Durham, North Carolina, a city in N ...

, North Carolina, United States, since 2019

Consulates

The following countries have consulates in Sibiu: * – Consulate-General * – Honorary consulate * – Honorary consulate * – Honorary consulate

Notes

Gallery

File:SibiuHermannstadtSchild.jpg, Bilingual Romanian-German sign at the entrance in Sibiu/Hermannstadt File:CAPITALA CULTURALA 2007.jpg, Small flag with Sibiu/Hermannstadt as former European Capital of Culture in 2007 File:Piata Mica si Turnul Sfatului.jpg, Turnul Sfatului (german: Hermannstädter Ratsturm) in Small Square File:The Small Square of Sibiu, during the closing gala - 2016.jpg, The Small Square of Sibiu, during Feeric Fashion Week closing gala - 2016 File:Târgul de Crăciun din Sibiu.jpeg, The Large Square during Christmas File:Sibiu_Casa_Lutsch_(5).jpg,

Lutsch House german: (Das) Lutschhaus hu, Lutsch-ház , native_name_lang = ro , former_names = , alternate_names = , status = , image = Sibiu Casa Lutsch (5).jpg , image_alt = , image_size ...

, the headquarters of the local branch of FDGR/DFDR

References

Bibliography

External links

Sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Online website
— ''tourism and history information and images''.
Turism.sibiu.ro: Official Sibiu Tourism website

patrimoniu.sibiu.ro: Sibiu Heritage website

theFest.ro – Locuri si evenimente din Sibiu, Romania

— ''reference for surface area, population, etc. (2005)''.
Sibiupeople.ro: Restoration of Historical Monuments in Sibiu
—''photo gallery and projects' report''.
Official Sibiu European Cultural Capital 2007 website

{{Authority control Sibiu Populated places in Sibiu County Localities in Transylvania Capitals of Romanian counties Cities in Romania 1190 establishments in Europe German communities in Romania Capitals of the Principality of Transylvania Populated places established in the 12th century

Geography

Climate

Tourism

Culture

Museums and parks

Events

European Cultural Capital

Administration

City districts

Demographics

Population dynamics

Population by religious denomination

Economy

Transport

Air

Road

Rail

Cycling

Health

Education

Sports

Natives

International relations

Twin towns

Consulates

Notes

Gallery

See also

References

Bibliography

External links