The Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851

Events

January–March

Henry Clay Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777June 29, 1852) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state, al ...

introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the United States Congress. * January 31 – The University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, New York. *

January January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the ...

– Sacramento

floods A flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids) that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrolog ...

. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– The University of Utah opens in Salt Lake City. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

– The Britannia Bridge opens over the

Menai Strait The Menai Strait ( cy, Afon Menai, the "river Menai") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales. It varies in width from from Fort Belan to Abermenai Point to from ...

in Wales. *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

– United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech, in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850, in order to prevent a possible civil war. * March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's historical novel '' The Scarlet Letter'' is published in Boston, Massachusetts. * March 19 –

American Express American Express Company (Amex) is an American multinational corporation specialized in payment card services headquartered at 200 Vesey Street in the Battery Park City neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The company was found ...

is founded by Henry Wells and

William Fargo William George Fargo (May 20, 1818August 3, 1881) was a pioneer American expressman who helped found the modern-day financial firms of American Express Company and Wells Fargo with his business partner, Henry Wells. He was also the 27th Mayor ...

. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

– The paddle steamer , bound from

Cork Cork or CORK may refer to: Materials * Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product ** Cork (plug), a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container ***Wine cork Places Ireland * Cork (city) ** Metropolitan Cork, also known as G ...

to London, sinks in the English Channel.

April–June

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

– Los Angeles is incorporated as a city in California. * April 15 ** San Francisco is incorporated as a city in California. **

Angers Bridge Angers Bridge, also called the Basse-Chaîne Bridge, was a suspension bridge over the Maine (river), Maine River in Angers, France. It was designed by Joseph Chaley and Bordillon, and built between 1836 and 1839.Peters, Tom F., ''"Transitions in ...

collapses in France killing around 226 of the soldiers crossing it at the time. * April 19 – The

Clayton–Bulwer Treaty The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was a treaty signed in 1850 between the United States and the United Kingdom. The treaty was negotiated by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Bulwer, amidst growing tensions between the two nations over Central America, a ...

is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua, and not claim complete control over the proposed Nicaragua Canal. * April **

Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican ...

returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "

Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway is a song written and composed by Stephen Foster in 1850. This song is written in the style of a parlor ballad – a genre of popular song at the time intended to be performed at a slow tempo and to communicate a s ...

" is published in the United States. * May 23 – The puts to sea from New York to search for Franklin's lost expedition in the Arctic. * May 25 – The hippopotamus Obaysch arrives at

London Zoo London Zoo, also known as ZSL London Zoo or London Zoological Gardens is the world's oldest scientific zoo. It was opened in London on 27 April 1828, and was originally intended to be used as a collection for science, scientific study. In 1831 o ...

from Egypt, the first seen in Europe since Roman times. * June 1 ** The transportation of British convicts to Western Australia begins, as the transportation of British convicts to other parts of Australia is phased out, when the ship ''Scindian'' arrives in

Fremantle Fremantle () () is a port city in Western Australia, located at the mouth of the Swan River in the metropolitan area of Perth, the state capital. Fremantle Harbour serves as the port of Perth. The Western Australian vernacular diminutive for ...

, with 75 male prisoners. ** The postage stamp issues of Austria begin with a series of imperforate typographed stamps, featuring the coat of arms. ** The 1850 United States Census shows that 11.2% of the population classed as "Negro" are of mixed race. * June 3 –

Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City (abbreviated KC or KCMO) is the largest city in Missouri by population and area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 508,090 in 2020, making it the 36th most-populous city in the United States. It is the central ...

, is incorporated by

Jackson County, Missouri Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in the state (after St. Louis County). Although Independence retains ...

, as the ''Town of Kansas'' (traditional date of its founding).

July–September

* July – Taiping Rebellion:

Hong Xiuquan Hong Xiuquan (1 January 1814 – 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu and with the courtesy name Renkun, was a Chinese revolutionary who was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty. He established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdo ...

orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. *

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

– St. Mary's School for Boys (the future University of Dayton) opens its doors in Dayton, Ohio. * July 2 – Former twice-served British Prime Minister Sir

Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was a British Conservative statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835 and 1841–1846) simultaneously serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer ...

dies following a fall from his horse at Constitution Hill, London. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

** Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, known as the Báb, is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia, for claiming to be a prophet. ** Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th president of the United States upon the death of President Zachary Taylor, aged 65. * July 10 – President Millard Fillmore is

sworn in Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...

. * July 17 – Vega became the first star (other than the Sun) to be photographed. * July 19 –

Margaret Fuller Sarah Margaret Fuller (May 23, 1810 – July 19, 1850), sometimes referred to as Margaret Fuller Ossoli, was an American journalist, editor, critic, translator, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movemen ...

, American journalist (b.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...

) * August 28 –

Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most op ...

romantic Romantic may refer to: Genres and eras * The Romantic era, an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement of the 18th and 19th centuries ** Romantic music, of that era ** Romantic poetry, of that era ** Romanticism in science, of that e ...

opera '' Lohengrin'' (including the Bridal Chorus) premieres under the direction of

Franz Liszt Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...

, in Weimar. * September 4 – The

Eusébio de Queirós Law The Eusébio de Queirós Law was a law passed in Brazil on September 4, 1850 to abolish international slave trade in the country. This law was named after Eusébio de Queirós Coutinho Matoso da Câmara, who was the Brazilian Minister of Justice ...

is passed in the

Brazilian Empire The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...

to abolish the international slave trade. * September 9 ** California is admitted as the 31st U.S. state. ** The

New Mexico Territory The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of ''Santa Fe de Nuevo México ...

is organized by order of the United States Congress. * September 12 – A 7.9 earthquake shakes the Chinese province of Sichuan killing more than 20,000 people. * September 13 – Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps, is first ascended. * September 18 ** The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the United States Congress. ** Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad. * September 29 – Papal bull '' Universalis Ecclesiae'': The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales, by

and future

Pope Pius X Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of C ...

October–December

* October 1 – The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded. * October 19 – The Phi Kappa Sigma international fraternity is founded, at the University of Pennsylvania. * October 28 – Delegate

Edward Ralph May Edward Ralph May (May 10, 1819 – August 2, 1852) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the only delegate to the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850 to cast a vote in favor of permitting African American suffrage. May's ear ...

delivers a speech on behalf of African-American suffrage, to the Indiana Constitutional Convention. *

November November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars, the fourth and last of four months to have a length of 30 days and the fifth and last of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. No ...

** Taiping Rebellion: The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur, between the Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army. ** Undergraduates at Exeter College, Oxford arrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

– The treaty known as the

Punctation of Olmütz The Punctation of Olmütz (german: Olmützer Punktation), also called the Agreement of Olmütz, was a treaty between Prussia and Austria, dated 29 November 1850, by which Prussia abandoned the Erfurt Union and accepted the revival of the German Co ...

is signed in Olomouc. It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation. *

December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * 755 ...

– Members of the Canterbury Association, the first settlers bound for Christchurch, arrive from England at the port of Lyttelton, New Zealand, aboard the '' Charlotte Jane'' and ''

Randolph Randolph may refer to: Places In the United States * Randolph, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Arizona, a populated place * Randolph, California, a village merged into the city of Brea * Randolph, Illinois, an unincorporated commun ...

''.

Date unknown

* Dost Mohammad Barakzai, emir of Afghanistan, captures

Balkh ), named for its green-tiled ''Gonbad'' ( prs, گُنبَد, dome), in July 2001 , pushpin_map=Afghanistan#Bactria#West Asia , pushpin_relief=yes , pushpin_label_position=bottom , pushpin_mapsize=300 , pushpin_map_caption=Location in Afghanistan ...

. * The first portion of the

Oudh Bequest The Oudh Bequest is a ''waqf'' which led to the gradual transfer of more than six million rupees from the Indian Princely States, Indian kingdom of Oudh (Awadh) to the Shia holy cities of Najaf and Karbala between 1850 and 1903. The bequest first ...

is transferred from Oudh State in the British Raj to the Shia Islam holy cities of Najaf and

Karbala Karbala or Kerbala ( ar, كَرْبَلَاء, Karbalāʾ , , also ;) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorat ...

, in Persia. * The American system of watch manufacturing is started in Roxbury, Massachusetts, by the

Waltham Watch Company The Waltham Watch Company, also known as the American Waltham Watch Co. and the American Watch Co., was a company that produced about 40 million watches, clocks, speedometers, compasses, time delay fuses, and other precision instruments in the Un ...

. * Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England. * Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, in the United States. * The temperance organisation, International Organisation of Good Templars, is established in Utica, New York, as the order of the Knights of Jericho. * Mayer Lehman arrives from Germany to join his siblings in Lehman Brothers dry-goods business (predecessor of the bank) in Montgomery, Alabama. * One of the original segments of the historic Pacific Highway (United States) in Washington (state) in

Clark Clark is an English language surname, ultimately derived from the Latin with historical links to England, Scotland, and Ireland ''clericus'' meaning "scribe", "secretary" or a scholar within a religious order, referring to someone who was educate ...

and

Cowlitz Cowlitz may refer to: People * Cowlitz people, an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest ** Cowlitz language, member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages * Cowlitz Indian Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of ...

counties is established. * German physicist Rudolf Clausius publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat ("On the Moving Force of Heat") which first states the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. * The city of Manchester, England, reaches 400,000 inhabitants. * From this year until

1880 Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February � ...

, 144,000 East Indian laborers go to Trinidad and 39,000 to Jamaica. * Ongoing –

Great Famine (Ireland) The Great Famine ( ga, an Gorta Mór ), also known within Ireland as the Great Hunger or simply the Famine and outside Ireland as the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a h ...

subsides.

Births

January–February

* January 1 –

John Barclay Armstrong John Barclay Armstrong (January 1, 1850 – May 1, 1913) was a Texas Ranger lieutenant and a United States Marshal. He is usually remembered for his role in the pursuit and capture of the famous gunfighter John Wesley Hardin. Armstrong was born ...

, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (d.

1913 Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Eduard Bernstein Eduard Bernstein (; 6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic Marxist theorist and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Bernstein had held close association to Karl Marx and Friedric ...

, German social democratic theoretician, politician (d.

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

) ** Xaver Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d.

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20– 30 – Kuomintang in China hol ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– John Wellborn Root, American architect (d.

1891 Events January–March * January 1 ** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany. ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. **Germany takes formal possession of its new Africa ...

) * January 11 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (d.

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

– Pierre Loti, French novelist (d.

1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

Mihai Eminescu Mihai Eminescu (; born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romanian Romantic poet from Moldavia, novelist, and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active membe ...

, Romanian romantic poet (d.

1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the ...

) ** Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (d.

) * January 18 – Seth Low, American educator (d.

1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * ...

) * January 19 –

Augustine Birrell Augustine Birrell King's Counsel, KC (19 January 185020 November 1933) was a British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party politician, who was Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1907 to 1916. In this post, he was praised for enabling tenant farmers t ...

, English author, politician (d.

1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...

) * January 24 –

Hermann Ebbinghaus Hermann Ebbinghaus (24 January 185026 February 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describ ...

, German psychologist (d.

1909 Events January–February * January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escaped death by fleeing across ice floes. * January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama. * Januar ...

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

John Collier John Collier may refer to: Arts and entertainment *John Collier (caricaturist) (1708–1786), English caricaturist and satirical poet *John Payne Collier (1789–1883), English Shakespearian critic and forger *John Collier (painter) (1850–1934), ...

, British writer and painter (d.

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...

) **

Edward Smith Ed, Eddie, Edgar, Edward, Edwin, and similar, surnamed Smith, may refer to: Military * Edward H. Smith (sailor) (1889–1961), United States Coast Guard admiral, oceanographer and Arctic explorer *Edward Smith (VC) (1898–1940), English recipient ...

, British captain of the ''Titanic'' (d.

1912 Events January * January 1 – The Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China is established. * January 5 – The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens. * January 6 ...

) ** Samuel Gompers, American labor union leader (d.

) * January 29 **

Sir Ebenezer Howard Sir Ebenezer Howard (29 January 1850 – 1 May 1928) was an English urban planner and founder of the garden city movement, known for his publication '' To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform'' (1898), the description of a utopian city in whi ...

, British urban planner (d.

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...

) ** Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (d.

1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 ...

) * February 8 –

Kate Chopin Kate Chopin (, also ; born Katherine O'Flaherty; February 8, 1850 – August 22, 1904) was an American author of short stories and novels based in Louisiana. She is considered by scholars to have been a forerunner of American 20th-century feminis ...

, American writer (d.

1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system. * ...

) * February 10 –

Alexander von Linsingen Alexander Adolf August Karl von Linsingen (10 February 1850 – 5 June 1935) was a German general during World War I. Military service Linsingen joined the Prussian Army in 1868 and rose to Corps Commander ( II Corps) in 1909. He was one of the ...

, German general (d.

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...

) * February 12 – William Morris Davis, American geographer (d.

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

– Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (d.

1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...

) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

–

Albert B. Cummins Albert Baird Cummins (February 15, 1850July 30, 1926) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the 18th governor of Iowa, elected to three consecutive terms and U.S. senator for Iowa, serving for 18 years. Cummins was a leader of the Progr ...

, American lawyer and politician (d.

1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

– Alf Morgans, 4th Premier of Western Australia (d.

) * February 18 – Sir George Henschel, English musician (d.

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d.

1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...

) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

–

Henry E. Huntington Henry Edwards Huntington (February 27, 1850 – May 23, 1927) was an American railroad magnate and collector of art and rare books. Huntington settled in Los Angeles, where he owned the Pacific Electric Railway as well as substantial real estate ...

, American railroad pioneer, art collector (d.

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 * ...

)

March–April

* March 6 – Sagen Ishizuka, Japanese physician, dietitian (d.

) *

** Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (d.

1937 Events January * January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua. * January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Fe ...

) ** Champ Clark, American politician (d.

1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...

) * March 9 **

Josias von Heeringen Josias von Heeringen (9 March 1850 – 9 October 1926) was a German general of the imperial era who served as Prussian Minister of War and saw service in the First World War. Early life Heeringen was born in Kassel in the Electorate of Hesse. ...

, German general (d.

) **

Sir Hamo Thornycroft Sir William Hamo Thornycroft (9 March 185018 December 1925) was an English sculptor, responsible for some of London's best-known statues, including the statue of Oliver Cromwell outside the Palace of Westminster. He was a keen student of classi ...

, British sculptor (d.

1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italia ...

) * March 10 –

Spencer Gore Spencer may refer to: People *Spencer (surname) **Spencer family, British aristocratic family **List of people with surname Spencer *Spencer (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places Australia *Spencer, New So ...

, British tennis player, cricketer (d.

1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...

) * March 13 – Sir Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d.

1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...

) * March 26 – Edward Bellamy, American author (d.

1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...

) *

– Charles Doolittle Walcott, American invertebrate paleontologist (d.

)

* April 1 – Hans von Pechmann, German chemist (d.

1902 Events January * January 1 ** The Nurses Registration Act 1901 comes into effect in New Zealand, making it the first country in the world to require state registration of nurses. On January 10, Ellen Dougherty becomes the world's f ...

) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

– Kawamura Kageaki, Japanese field marshal (d.

) * April 9 – Sir Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman, art collector (d.

) * April 10 **

Fanny Davenport Fanny Lily Gipsey Davenport (April 10, 1850 – September 26, 1898) was an English-American stage actress. Life The eldest child of Edward Loomis Davenport and Fanny Elizabeth (Vining) Gill Davenport, Fanny Lily Gypsey Davenport was born on A ...

, English-born American actress (d.

) ** Mary Emilie Holmes, American geologist, educator (d.

) * April 12 – Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d.

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

Arthur Matthew Weld Downing Arthur Matthew Weld Downing (13 April 1850 – 8 December 1917) was an Irish mathematician and astronomer. Downing's major contribution to astronomy is in the calculation of the positions and movements of astronomical bodies, as well as being ...

, British astronomer (d.

) * April 15 **

Edmund Peck Edmund James Peck (April 15, 1850 – September 10, 1924), known in Inuktitut as ''Uqammaq'' (one who talks well),

, Canadian missionary (d.

) **

William Thomas Pipes William Thomas Pipes (April 15, 1850 – October 7, 1909) was a politician in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biography Pipes was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia. He ran in the 1878 federal election against Charles Tupper, but was unable to wrest aw ...

, Canadian politician, 6th

Premier of Nova Scotia The premier of Nova Scotia is the first minister to the lieutenant governor of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia and presides over the Executive Council of Nova Scotia. Following the Westminster system, the premier is normally the leader of ...

(d.

) * April 18 –

Jo Labadie Charles Joseph Antoine Labadie (April 18, 1850 – October 7, 1933) was an American labor organizer, anarchist, Greenbacker, social activist, printer, publisher, essayist, and poet. Biography Early years Jo Labadie was born on April 18, 1850, i ...

, American labor organizer (d.

) * April 20 –

Daniel Chester French Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 – October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, best known for his 1874 sculpture ''The Minute Man'' in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monume ...

, American sculptor (d.

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

) *

April 23 Events Pre-1600 * 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. * 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southe ...

–

Agda Montelius Agda Georgina Dorothea Alexandra Montelius née ''Reuterskiöld'' (23 April 1850 – 27 October 1920) was a Swedish philanthropist and feminist. She was a leading figure of the Swedish philanthropy, active for the struggle of women's suffrage, a ...

, Swedish feminist (d.

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...

) * April 26 ** Harry Bates, English sculptor (d.

1899 Events January 1899 * January 1 ** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. ** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City. * January 2 – **Bolivia sets up a c ...

) ** James Drake, Australian politician (d.

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general (d.

)

May–June

* May 1 –

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert; 1 May 185016 January 1942), was the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He served as Gov ...

, British prince and Governor General of Canada (d.

) * May 3 – Johnny Ringo, American cowboy (d.

1882 Events January–March * January 2 ** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. ** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in ...

) * May 7 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– Ross Barnes, American baseball player (d.

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– Sir Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant, yachtsman (d.

) * May 12 ** Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d.

) ** Sir Frederick Holder, 19th Premier of South Australia (d.

) *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

– Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d.

) * May 21 ** Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d.

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...

) **

Gustav Lindenthal Gustav Lindenthal (May 21, 1850 – July 31, 1935) was a civil engineer who designed the Queensboro and Hell Gate bridges in New York City, among other bridges. Lindenthal's work was greatly affected by his pursuit for perfection and his lov ...

, Czech civil engineer, bridge designer (d.

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Thomas Neill Cream Thomas Neill Cream (27 May 1850 – 15 November 1892), also known as the Lambeth Poisoner, was a Scottish-Canadian medical doctor and serial killer who poisoned his victims with strychnine. Over the course of his career, he murdered up to ...

, Scottish-Canadian serial killer (d.

1892 Events January–March * January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States. * February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado. * February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for ...

) * May 28 –

Frederic William Maitland Frederic William Maitland (28 May 1850 – ) was an English historian and lawyer who is regarded as the modern father of English legal history. Early life and education, 1850–72 Frederic William Maitland was born at 53 Guilford Street, Lon ...

, English jurist and historian (d.

) *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

–

Frederick Dent Grant Frederick Dent Grant (May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912) was a soldier and United States minister to Austria-Hungary. Grant was the first son of General and President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant and Julia Grant. He was named after his ...

, U.S. soldier, statesman (d.

) * June 2 **

Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent (2 June 1850 – 13 June 1931) transformed The Boots Company, founded by his father, John Boot, into a national retailer, which branded itself as "Chemists to the Nation". Biography Boot sold his controlling interes ...

, British businessman (d.

) ** Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, English physiologist, pioneer in endocrinology (d.

) *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

– Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d.

1908 Events January * January 1 – The British ''Nimrod'' Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the ''Nimrod'' for Antarctica. * January 3 – A total solar eclipse is visible in the Pacific Ocean, and is the 46 ...

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

–

Karl Ferdinand Braun Karl Ferdinand Braun (; 6 June 1850 – 20 April 1918) was a German electrical engineer, inventor, physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. Braun contributed significantly to the development of radio and television technology: he shared the ...

, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) * June 15 –

Charles Hazelius Sternberg Charles Hazelius Sternberg (June 15, 1850 – July 20, 1943) was an American fossil collector and paleontologist. He was active in both fields from 1876 to 1928, and collected fossils for Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel C. Marsh, and for the ...

, American fossil collector, amateur paleontologist (d.

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...

) *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

– Daniel Carter Beard, American scouting pioneer (d.

) * June 22 – Ignaz Goldziher, Hungarian orientalist (d.

) * June 24 – Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal, statesman (d.

) * June 27 **

Lafcadio Hearn , born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (; el, Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χέρν, Patríkios Lefkádios Chérn, Irish language, Irish: Pádraig Lafcadio O'hEarain), was an Irish people, Irish-Greeks, Greek-Japanese people, Japanese writer, t ...

, Greco-Japanese author (d.

) ** Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (d.

) * June 30 –

Paul von Plehwe Paul von Plehwe (russian: Па́вел Ада́мович (фон) Пле́ве, Pavel Adamovich (von) Pleve) (30 June 1850 – 28 March 1916), more commonly known as Pavel Plehve, was a Russian general of Baltic German descent who distinguished ...

, Russian general (d.

)

July–August

* July 2 – Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist (d.

) * July 11 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary leader (d.

1938 Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...

) * July 15 – Frances Xavier Cabrini, American saint (d.

) *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

** Robert Love Taylor, American congressman, senator and Governor from Tennessee (d.

) ** Robert Planquette, French composer of stage musicals (d.

1903 Events January * January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India. * January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been ...

) *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

– Guy de Maupassant, French writer (d.

1893 Events January–March * January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America. * Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson. * January 6 – Th ...

) * August 9 – Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist (d.

) * August 10 –

Ella M. S. Marble Ella M. S. Marble (, Smith; after first marriage, Marble; after second marriage, Tandberg; August 10, 18501929) was an American physician who worked as a journalist, educator, and activist earlier in her career. From girlhood, she took an active i ...

, American physician (d.

) * August 25 – Charles Richet, French physiologist, Nobel Prize winner (d.

) * August 30 **

Marcelo H. del Pilar Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (; ; August 30, 1850July 4, 1896), commonly known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his pen name Pláridel,.''Filipinos in History: Volume II'', National Historical Institute, 1990, p. 101 was a ...

, Filipino writer, journalist (d.

1896 Events January–March * January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers. * January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state. * January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...

) ** Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general (d.

)

September–October

* September 4 –

Luigi Cadorna Marshal of Italy Luigi Cadorna, (4 September 1850 – 21 December 1928) was an Italian general, Marshal of Italy and Count most famous for being the Chief of Staff of the Italian Army from 1914-1917 of World War I. Early career Luigi Cador ...

, Italian general (d.

) * September 5 –

Eugen Goldstein Eugen Goldstein (; 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist. He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the h ...

, German physicist (d.

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...

) * September 8 – Paul Gerson Unna, German dermatologist (d.

) * September 20 –

Ōshima Yoshimasa Viscount was a general in the early Imperial Japanese Army during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. His great-great-grandson, Shinzō Abe was Prime Minister of Japan. Biography Ōshima was born as the eldest son to a samur ...

, Japanese general (d.

)

* October 1 **

David R. Francis David Rowland Francis (October 1, 1850January 15, 1927) was an American politician and diplomat. He served in various positions including Mayor of St. Louis, the 27th Governor of Missouri, and United States Secretary of the Interior. He was th ...

, American politician (d.

) ** Agustín de Luque y Coca, Spanish general and politician (d.

) * October 8 –

Henry Louis Le Châtelier Henry Louis Le Chatelier (; 8 October 1850 – 17 September 1936) was a French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists and chemical engineers to predict the effect a changing conditi ...

, French chemist (d.

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...

) * October 18 –

Ferdinand von Quast Alexander Ferdinand Ludolf von Quast (18 October 1850 – 27 March 1939) was a Prussian military officer, participant in the Franco-Prussian War and a general in the First World War. He commanded the German 6th Army during the Battle of the Lys ...

, German general (d.

1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...

)

November–December

* November 2 –

Antonio Jacobsen Antonio Nicolo Gasparo Jacobsen (November 2, 1850 – February 2, 1921) was a Danish-born American maritime artist known as the "Audubon of Steam Vessels". Biography Jacobsen was born in Copenhagen, Denmark where he attended the Royal Academy of ...

, Danish-born American maritime artist (d.

) *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the T ...

– Silva Porto, Portuguese painter (d.

) * November 13 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d.

1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...

) *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. *1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...

– Victor Laloux, French architect (d.

) * November 24 –

László Lukács László Lukács de Erzsébetváros (24 November 1850, Zalatna – 23 February 1932) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1912 to 1913. His father was Dávid Lukács, who was descendants of ...

, 17th Prime Minister of Hungary (d.

) * December 22 – Victoriano Huerta, 35th President of Mexico (d.

)

Date unknown

* Abdul Wahid Bengali, Muslim theologian and teacher (d.

1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony i ...

) * Mikael of Wollo, Ethiopian army commander and Ras of Wollo (d.

)

Deaths

January–March

* January 17 – Elizabeth Simcoe, English-born wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762) * January 2 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789) * January 20 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet, playwright (b. 1779) * January 22 ** William Joseph Chaminade, French Catholic priest (b. 1761) ** Saint Vincent Pallotti, Italian missionary (b. 1795) * January 26 – Francis Jeffrey, Scottish judge, literary critic (b. 1773) *

** Philipp Röth, German composer (b. 1779) ** Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (b. 1764) * February 4 – Daniel Turner (naval officer), Daniel Turner, officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794) * February 20 – Valentín Canalizo, acting president of Mexico (b. 1794) *

– Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British military officer, colonial administrator (b. 1775) * February 24 – Tan Tock Seng, Singaporean businessman, philanthropist (b. 1798) * February 25 – Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782) *

– Samuel Adams (Arkansas politician), Samuel Adams, Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805) *

– Edward Bickersteth (priest), Edward Bickersteth, English evangelical divine (b. 1786) * March 3 – Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (b. 1806) *

– Hercules Robert Pakenham, Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham, British army general (b. 1781) * March 13 ** Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan, Argentine general, politician (b. 1776) ** Owen Stanley, British naval officer, explorer of New Guinea (b. 1811) * March 26 – Samuel Turell Armstrong, American political figure (b. 1784) * March 27 – Wilhelm Beer, German banker, astronomer (b. 1797) * March 28 – Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788) *

– John C. Calhoun, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)

April–June

Wordsworth on Helvellyn by Benjamin Robert Haydon

* April 7 – William Lisle Bowles, English poet, critic (b. 1762) * April 9 – William Prout, English chemist, physician (b. 1785) * April 11 – Raja Nara Singh, regent of Manipur (princely state), Manipur (b. 1792) * April 12 – Adoniram Judson, American Baptist missionary (b. 1788) * April 16 – Marie Tussaud, French wax sculptor (b. 1761) * April 17 – Jan Krukowiecki, Polish general (b. 1772) * April 22 – Friedrich Robert Faehlmann, Estonian philologist, physician (b. 1798) *

– William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770) * April 24 – John Norvell, American newspaperman, senator (b. 1789) * May 1 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist, anatomist (b. 1777) * May 2 – Joseph Plumb Martin, American Revolutionary soldier, narrative author (b. 1760) *

– Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist, physicist (b. 1778) * May 12 – Frances Sargent Osgood, U.S. poet (b. 1811) * May 21 – Christoph Friedrich von Ammon, German theological writer, preacher (b. 1766) * May 24 ** Jane Porter, English novelist (b. 1776) ** Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish noble (b. 1778) * May 31 – Giuseppe Giusti, Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809) * June 9 – John Green Crosse, English surgeon (b. 1790) * June 16 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774) * June 30 – Richard Dillingham, American Quaker teacher (b. 1823)

July–September

Retrato_más_canónico_de_José_de_San_Martín

* July 2 –

, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788) * July 4 – William Kirby (entomologist), William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759) * July 7 – Timothy Hackworth, British steam locomotive engineer (b. 1786) * July 8 – Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774) *

** The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (executed by a firing squad) (b. 1819) ** Zachary Taylor, 65, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784) ** Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (b. 1776) * July 12 – Robert Stevenson (civil engineer), Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772) * July 14 – August Neander, German theologian, church historian (b. 1789) * July 16 – Julia Glover, Irish-born British stage actress (b. ca. 1779) * July 19 –

, American journalist (b.

) * July 23 – Vicente Filísola, Vicente Filisola, Italian-born Mexican General (b. 1785) * July 25 – Richard Barnes Mason, military governor of California (b. 1797) * August 3 – Jacob Jones (naval officer), Jacob Jones, U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768) * August 6 ** Edward Walsh (poet), Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805) ** Hōne Heke, Maori chief and war leader (b. c. 1807) * August 13 – Martin Archer Shee, Irish painter, president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770) * August 17 – General José de San Martín, Argentina, Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778) * August 18 ** Charles Arbuthnot, British Tory politician (b. 1767) ** Honoré de Balzac, French author (b. 1799) * August 22 – Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (b. 1802) * August 26 – King Louis Philippe I of France (b. 1773) * August 27 – Thomas Kidd (classical scholar), Thomas Kidd, English classical scholar, schoolmaster (b. 1770) * September 2 – Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, British Tory politician (b. 1775) * September 12 – Presley O'Bannon, officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784) * September 22 – Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist (b. 1783) * September 23 – José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764)

October–December

* October 2 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784) * October 11 – Louise of Orléans, Louise, Queen of the Belgians (b. 1812) * October 29 – Marmaduke Williams, Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774) * November 2 – Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr., Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796) * November 3 – Thomas Ford (politician), Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (b. 1800) * November 4 – Gustav Schwab, German classical scholar (b. 1792) * November 9 – François-Xavier-Joseph Droz, French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773) * November 19 – Richard Mentor Johnson, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 9th Vice President of the United States (b. 1780) * November 22 – Lin Zexu, Chinese politician (b. 1785) * November 30 – Germain Henri Hess, Swiss chemist, doctor (b. 1802) * December 4 – William Sturgeon, English physicist, inventor (b. 1783) * December 10 ** Józef Bem, Polish general (b. 1794) ** François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist, geologist (b. 1787) * December 22 – William Plumer, American lawyer, lay preacher (b. 1759) * December 24 – Frédéric Bastiat French author, economist (b. 1801) * December 28 – Heinrich Christian Schumacher, German astronomer (b. 1780) * December 30 – Pierre M. Lapie, French cartographer (b. 1777)

Date unknown

* Mary Anne Whitby, English scientist (b. 1783)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1850 1850,