''Zanthoxylum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of about 250 species of

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, a ...

and

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

trees, shrubs and climbers in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...

that are native to warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in the subfamily

Rutoideae Rutoideae is a flowering plant subfamily in the family Rutaceae. The subfamily has had varying circumscriptions. In a 2012 classification of the family it was one of only two subfamilies and contained most of the genera, whereas in a 2021 class ...

. Several of the species have yellow

heartwood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin t ...

, to which their generic name alludes.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' are typically

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproducti ...

shrubs, trees or woody climbers armed with

trichomes Trichomes (); ) are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a pla ...

. The leaves are arranged alternately and are usually

pinnate Pinnation (also called pennation) is the arrangement of feather-like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis. Pinnation occurs in biological morphology, in crystals, such as some forms of ice or metal crystals, an ...

trifoliate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular ...

. The flowers are usually arranged in

panicle A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is ...

s and usually function as male or female flowers with four

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...

s and four petals, the sepals remaining attached to the fruit. Male flowers have four

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s opposite the sepals. Female flowers have up to five, more or less free

carpels Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

with the styles free or sometimes fused near the tip. The fruit is usually of up to four follicles fused at the base, each containing a single seed almost as large as the follicle.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Zanthoxylum'' was first formally described in 1753 by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, ...

in the first volume of ''

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...

''. The generic name is derived from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

words (''xanthos''), meaning "yellow," and (''xylon''), meaning "wood." It is technically misspelled, as the ''z'' should be ''x'', but botanical nomenclature does not allow for spelling corrections. It refers to a yellow dye made from the roots of some species. The first species that Linnaeus described was ''Zanthoxylum trifoliatum'', now regarded as a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are al ...

of ''

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus ''Eleutherococcus'' is a genus of 38 species,p.40, citing Frodin, Govaerts 2003 of thorny shrubs and trees in the family Araliaceae. They are native to eastern Asia, from southeast Siberia and Japan to the Philippines and Vietnam. 18 species come ...

''. The once separate genus ''Fagara'' is now included in ''Zanthoxylum''.

Fossil record

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

seeds of †''Zanthoxylum kristinae'' from the early

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...

, have been found in the Kristina Mine at

Hrádek nad Nisou Hrádek nad Nisou (; german: Grottau, pl, Gródek nad Nysą) is a town in Liberec District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,700 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monume ...

North Bohemia North Bohemia ( cs, Severní Čechy, german: Nordböhmen) is a region in the north of the Czech Republic. Location North Bohemia roughly covers the present-day NUTS regional unit of ''CZ04 Severozápad'' and the western part of ''CZ05 Severový ...

, the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. Th ...

Uses

Many ''Zanthoxylum'' species make excellent

bonsai Bonsai ( ja, 盆栽, , tray planting, ) is the Japanese art of growing and training miniature trees in pots, developed from the traditional Chinese art form of ''penjing''. Unlike ''penjing'', which utilizes traditional techniques to produce ...

and in temperate climates they can be grown quite well indoors. ''

Zanthoxylum beecheyanum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' and ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called sanshō () in Japan and chopi () ...

'' are two species commonly grown as

.Wilbur, C. Keith, MD. ''Revolutionary Medicine 1700-1800''. The Globe Pequot Press. Page 23. 1980.

Culinary use

Spice A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants used for flavoring or as a garnish. Spices a ...

s are made from a number of species in this genus, including: * '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' - Andaliman * ''

Zanthoxylum armatum ''Zanthoxylum armatum'', also called winged prickly ash or rattan pepper in English, is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is an aromatic, deciduous, spiny shrub growing to in height, endemic from Pakistan across to Southeast Asia an ...

'' - Sichuan pepper * '' Zanthoxylum bungeanum'' - Sichuan pepper * ''

'' - Sansho, Chopi * '' Zanthoxylum nitidum'' * '' Zanthoxylum rhetsa'' - teppal, tirphal * ''

Zanthoxylum schinifolium ''Zanthoxylum schinifolium'', also called mastic-leaf prickly ash, is a species of flowering plant in the Rutaceae, the citrus family. Its peppercorns are the source of the spice Sancho (spice) which is used in Korean cuisine. References Ext ...

'' - Sancho * '' Zanthoxylum simulans'' - Sichuan pepper

Andaliman

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

North Sumatra North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java ...

province, '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' is harvested for ''andaliman''. In Indonesian Batak cuisine, '' andaliman'' is ground and mixed with chilies and seasonings into a green

sambal Sambal is an Indonesian chilli sauce or paste, typically made from a mixture of a variety of chilli peppers with secondary ingredients, such as shrimp paste, garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, palm sugar, and lime juice. ''Sambal'' is an I ...

or chili paste. Arsik is a typical Indonesian dish containing ''andaliman''.

Chopi and sansho

'' is harvested in Japan and Korea to produce '' sanshō'' () or '' chopi'' (), which has numbing properties similar to those of Chinese Sichuan peppercorns.

Sancho

The Korean '' Sancho'' () is made from (''

''), which is slightly less bitter than ''chopi''. In Korean cuisine, ''sancho'' is often used to accompany fish soups such as '' chueo-tang''.

Sichuan pepper

The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Xanthoxylum species is used to make Sichuan pepper by grinding the husks that surround the berries.

Triphal and teppal

In the states of Maharashtra,

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Kar ...

, and

Goa Goa () is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats. It is located between the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to th ...

in Western

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

, the dried berries of '' Zanthoxylum rhetsa'' are known as teppal or tirphal in

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

are added to foods such as legumes and fish. The name in both languages means three fruits or three pods. Because the trees bear fruit during the

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...

season, the berries are associated with the concurrent

Krishna Janmashtami Krishna Janmashtami , also known simply as Krishnashtami, Janmashtami, or Gokulashtami, is an annual Hindu festival that celebrates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. According to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, it is observed ...

festival. The fresh fruits are parrot green in color and are used as a flavouring agent in many curries made with a paste of coconut, chilis, and other spices. When dried, the flesh of the fruit hardens, turns a brownish black color and opens up to show the black seeds within. The seeds are discarded and the dried fruit is stored in containers for use around the year. Mostly used in fish preparations and a few vegetarian dishes, with coconut masala, this spice has a very strong woody aroma and is discarded at the time of eating the curry.

Chemistry

Plants in the genus ''Zanthoxylum'' contain the lignan

sesamin Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of '' Fagara'' plants and from sesame oil. It has been used as a dietary fat-reduction supplement. Its major metabolite is enterolactone, which has an elimination half life of less than 6 hours. Sesamin a ...

. Species identified in Nigeria contains several types of alkaloids including benzophenanthridines ( nitidine, dihydronitidine, oxynitidine, fagaronine, dihydro avicine,

chelerythrine Chelerythrine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid present in the plant '' Chelidonium majus'' (greater celandine). It is a potent, selective, and cell-permeable protein kinase C inhibitor ''in vitro''. And an efficacious antagonist of G-protein-c ...

, dihydrochelerythrine, methoxychelerythrine, norchelerythrine, oxychelerythrine, decarine and fagaridine), furoquinolines ( dictamine, 8-methoxydictamine, skimmianine, 3-dimethylallyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone),

carbazole Carbazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a tricyclic structure, consisting of two six-membered benzene rings fused on either side of a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. The compound's structure is based on the indole st ...

s (3-methoxycarbazole, glycozoline),

aporphine Aporphine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula . The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name of aporphine is ''6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo e,guinoline.'' It is the core chemical substructure of the aporphine ...

s (

berberine Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as '' Berberis vulgaris'' (barberry), '' Berberis aristata'' (tree turmeric), ''Mahonia aquifolium'' (Oregon grape), '' H ...

, tembetarine,

magnoflorine ''(S)-''Magnoflorine is a quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) of the aporphine structural subgroup which has been isolated from various species of the family Menispermaceae, such as ''Pachygone ovata,'' '' Sinomenium acutum,'' and '' Cis ...

, M-methyl- corydine), canthinones (6-canthinone),

acridone Acridone is an organic compound based on the acridine skeleton, with a carbonyl group at the ''9'' position. It is a yellow solid. Synthesis and structure The molecule is planar. Optical spectra reveal that the keto tautomer predominates in the g ...

s (1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, 1-hydroxy-10-methylacridon-9-one, zanthozolin), and aromatic and aliphatic amides.The Nigerian Zanthoxylum; Chemical and biological values. S. K. Adesina, Afr. J. Trad. CAM, 2005, volume 2, issue 3, pages 282-301
article
) Hydroxy-alpha sanshool is a bioactive component of plants from the genus ''Zanthoxylum'', including the Sichuan pepper.

Ecology

''Zanthoxylum'' species are used as food plants by the

larvae A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. T ...

of some Lepidoptera species including the engrailed (''Ectropis crepuscularia'').

Species list

The following is a list of species accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants ...

as of August 2020: * '' Zanthoxylum acanthopodium'' D.R.Simpson (southern Asia) * '' Zanthoxylum aculeatissimum'' Engl. (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum acuminatum''

Sw. Olof Peter Swartz (21 September 1760 – 19 September 1818) was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes. Biography Olof Swartz attended the University of Uppsala where he st ...

(Cuba, Jamaica) * ''

Zanthoxylum ailanthoides ''Zanthoxylum ailanthoides'', also called ailanthus-like prickly ash, (, lit. "Ailanthus-leaved pepper",; the name is obviously adaptation of latin ailanthoides "ailanthus-like" , lit. " Yue pepper",, p.503 食茱萸 ''shi zhu yu'',, 「澳名に ...

'' Siebold & Zucc. – ailanthus-like prickly ash * ''

Zanthoxylum albiflorum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the Family (biology), family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and Subtropics, subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genu ...

'' Baker f. (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum albuquerquei'' D.C. (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum amamiense'' Ohwi (

Ryukyu Islands The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yona ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum amapaense'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterm. (Brazil, Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum americanum'' Mill. – northern prickly ash, prickly ash, toothache tree (Canada, United States) * ''

Zanthoxylum anadenium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' (

Urb. Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban sh ...

Ekman Ekman is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Carl Gustaf Ekman (1872–1945), Swedish politician *Carl Daniel Ekman (1845–1904), Swedish chemical engineer * Erik Leonard Ekman (1883–1931), Swedish botanist * Fam Ekman ...

) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum andamanicum''

Kurz Sebastian Kurz (; born 27 August 1986) is a former Austrian politician who twice served as chancellor of Austria, initially from December 2017 to May 2019 and then a second time from January 2020 to October 2021. Kurz was born and raised in ...

(

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum andinum'' Reynel (Ecuador) * ''

Zanthoxylum anison ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

L.O.Williams Louis Otho (Otto) Williams (1908-1991) was a botanist from Wyoming. He received his BA and MA from the University of Wyoming then a PhD from Washington University in St. Louis. He went on to be editor of the '' American Orchid Society Bulletin''. Wh ...

(Guatemala) * '' Zanthoxylum anthyllidifolium'' Guillaumin (Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum apiculatum'' ( Sandwith) P.G.Waterman (South America) * ''

Zanthoxylum arborescens ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

Rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can b ...

(Mexico, Nicaragua) * ''

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

– winged prickly ash (Indian subcontinent to temperate east Asia and Malesia) * ''

Zanthoxylum atchoum ''Zanthoxylum atchoum'' (synonym ''Fagara atchoum'') is a forest tree in the family Rutaceae that grows in Côte d'Ivoire's Eastern Guinean forests. It is endemic to Côte d'Ivoire where it is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destructio ...

'' ( Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum austrosinense ''Zanthoxylum austrosinense'', or South Chinese Sichuan pepper, is a woody plant in the family Rutaceae and is native to southern China. Characteristics Small trees or shrubs, up to 3 meters high; branches brown-black, few or thorny, and al ...

'' C.C.Huang (southern China) * '' Zanthoxylum avicennae'' ( Lam.) DC. (southern China to western and central Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum backeri'' ( Bakh.f.)

T.G.Hartley Thomas Gordon Hartley (9 January 1931 in Beaumont, Texas – 8 March 2016 in Canberra, Australia) was an American botanist. Biography In 1955 Hartley graduated in botany with the academic degree Bachelor of Science at the University of Wisconsin- ...

* '' Zanthoxylum beechyanum''

K.Koch Karl Heinrich Emil Koch (6 June 1809 – 25 May 1879) was a German botanist. He is best known for his botanical explorations in the Caucasus region, including northeast Turkey. Most of his collections have today been lost. He is also known as ...

(Bonin Islands, Ryukya Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum''

Leonard Leonard or ''Leo'' is a common English masculine given name and a surname. The given name and surname originate from the Old High German ''Leonhard'' containing the prefix ''levon'' ("lion") from the Greek Λέων ("lion") through the Latin ' ...

– Maricao prickly ash (Hispaniola to Puerto Rico) * '' Zanthoxylum bissei'' Beurton (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum bonifaziae'' Cornejo & Reynel (Ecuador) * ''

Zanthoxylum bouetense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Pierre ex Letouzey) P.G.Waterman (Congo, Gabon) * '' Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum''

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...

– thorny yellowwood (New South Wales, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum brisasanum'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum buesgenii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' ( Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to west central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum bungeanum'' Maxim. – Chinese pepper, Sichuan pepper, Szechuan pepper (Himalaya to China) * '' Zanthoxylum burkillianum'' Babu * '' Zanthoxylum calcicola'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum campicola'' Reynel (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum canalense'' (Guillaumin) P.G.Waterman * '' Zanthoxylum capense'' (

Thunb. Carl Peter Thunberg, also known as Karl Peter von Thunberg, Carl Pehr Thunberg, or Carl Per Thunberg (11 November 1743 – 8 August 1828), was a Swedish naturalist and an "apostle" of Carl Linnaeus. After studying under Linnaeus at Uppsala Un ...

)

Harv. William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His fathe ...

(southern Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum caribaeum'' Lam. – yellow prickly ash (Mexico to tropical America) * '' Zanthoxylum caudatum'' Alston (Sri Lanka) * '' Zanthoxylum celebicum'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * '' Zanthoxylum chalybeum'' Engl. (

Belize Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wa ...

, Guatemala, Honduras) * '' Zanthoxylum chevalieri'' P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum chuquisaquense'' Reynel (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum ciliatum'' Engl. (Mexico to northern Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum claessensii'' ( De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (west central tropical Africa) * ''

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis ''Zanthoxylum clava-herculis'', the Hercules' club, Hercules-club, pepperwood, or southern prickly ash, is a spiny tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States. It grows to 10–17 m tall and has distinctive spined thick, corky lumps 2 ...

'' L. – Hercules' club, pepperbark, southern prickly ash, West Indian yellowwood (central and southeastern United States to eastern Mexico) * '' Zanthoxylum coco'' Gillies ex Hook.f. f. &

Arn. George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. Early life George Arnott Walker Arnott was born in Edinburgh in 1799, the son of David Walker Arnott of Arlary. He attended Milnathort Parish ...

– coco, cochucho, smelly sauco (

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, t ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum collinsiae'' Craib (China to Indochina) * '' Zanthoxylum comosum'' (Theodor Carl Julius Herzog, Herzog) P.G.Waterman (central Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum compactum'' (

Huber Huber is a German-language surname. It derives from the German word ''Hube'' meaning hide, a unit of land a farmer might possess, granting them the status of a free tenant. It is in the top ten most common surnames in the German-speaking world, ...

ex Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Venezuela to western South America) * '' Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum''

Merr. Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through ...

Perry Perry, also known as pear cider, is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally the perry pear. It has been common for centuries in England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land ...

(New Guinea) * ''

Zanthoxylum cucullatipetalum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Guillaumin (Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum davyi'' ( I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman – forest knobwood (Zimbabwe to South Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum decaryi'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum delagoense'' P.G.Waterman (southern Mozambique) * '' Zanthoxylum deremense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northe ...

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum ''Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' () is a tree from the family Rutaceae. Description ''Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' is a deciduous tree that is typically tall. It is primarily found in moist areas within thickets, upland forests, and hillside o ...

'' Hemsl. (southern China to Indochina, Taiwan) * '' Zanthoxylum dinklagei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Nigeria to western central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum dipetalum'' H.Mann – Kāwau (Hawaii) * '' Zanthoxylum dissitum'' Hemsl. (central and southern China to Hainan) * '' Zanthoxylum diversifolium'' Warb. (New Guinea) * ''

Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum domingense'' ( Krug &

) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum dumosum'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum echinocarpum'' Hemsl. (southern China) * '' Zanthoxylum ekmanii'' (Urb.) Alain (southern Mexico to southern tropical America, western Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum eliasii'' D.M.Porter (Panama to Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum engleri'' Waterm. * '' Zanthoxylum esquirolii'' H.Lév. (southern central China) * '' Zanthoxylum fagara'' (L.) Sarg. – Lime prickly ash (tropical and subtropical America) * '' Zanthoxylum fauriei'' ( Nakai) Ohwi – lesser ailanthus-like prickly ash (South Korea, Japan) * '' Zanthoxylum finlaysonianum''

Wall. Nathaniel Wolff Wallich FRS FRSE (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British ...

(Thailand) * '' Zanthoxylum flavum'' Vahl – West Indian satinwood ( Caribbean) * ''

Zanthoxylum foliolosum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Donn.Sm. (Mexico to Nicaragua) * ''

Zanthoxylum forbesii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * '' Zanthoxylum formiciferum'' ( Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to northern Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum gardneri'' Engl. (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum gentryi'' Reynel (western Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum ghisbreghtii''

Turcz. Nikolai Stepanovich Turczaninow ( ru , Николай Степанович Турчанинов, 1796 in Nikitovka, now in Krasnogvardeysky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia – 1863 in Kharkov) was a Russian botanist and plant collector wh ...

(Gulf of Mexico) * '' Zanthoxylum gillespieanum'' (A.C.Sm) A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * '' Zanthoxylum gilletii'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum glomeratum'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum grandifolium''

Tul. Louis René Étienne Tulasne, a.k.a. Edmond Tulasne (12 September 1815 – 22 December 1885) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Azay-le-Rideau. He originally studied law at Poitiers, but his interest later turned to botany. As a you ...

(Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum haitiense'' (Urb.) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum hamadryadicum'' Pirani (north-eastern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum harrisii''

P.Wilson Percy Wilson (1879–1944) was an American botanist. He joined the New York Botanical Gardens The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) is a botanical garden at Bronx Park in the Bronx, New York City. Established in 1891, it is located on a sit ...

(Jamaica) * ''

Zanthoxylum hartii ''Zanthoxylum spinosum'' subsp. ''hartii'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the ...

'' Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''Zanthoxylum hawaiiense'' William Hillebrand">Hillebr. – a'e, Hawai'i prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''Zanthoxylum heitzii'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) P.G.Waterm. (west central tropical Africa * ''Zanthoxylum heterophyllum'' ( Lam.) Sm. (

Mascarenes The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of the islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Thei ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum holtzianum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (southern Somalia to northern Mozambique) * '' Zanthoxylum huberi'' P.G.Waterman (South America) * '' Zanthoxylum humile'' ( E.A.Bruce P.G.Waterman (Zimbabwe to Mozambique and

Mpumalanga Mpumalanga () is a province of South Africa. The name means "East", or literally "The Place Where the Sun Rises" in the Swazi, Xhosa, Ndebele and Zulu languages. Mpumalanga lies in eastern South Africa, bordering Eswatini and Mozambique. It ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum impressinervium'' Reynel (Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum'' Elmer (Taiwan to the Philippines) * '' Zanthoxylum iwahigense'' Reynel (the Philippines) * ''

Zanthoxylum jamaicense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' P.Wilson (Jamaica) * '' Zanthoxylum juniperinum'' Poepp. (Central America) * ''

Zanthoxylum kauaense ''Zanthoxylum kauaense'', commonly known as ''ae'' or Kauai pricklyash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It usually inhabits mixed mesic forests at elevations of , but can also be found in dry a ...

A.Gray Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century. His '' Darwiniana'' was considered an important explanation of how religion and science were not necessarily mutually exc ...

– Kauai prickly ash (Hawaii) * ''

Zanthoxylum khasianum ''Zanthoxylum khasianum'' is woody plant in the Rutaceae family native to Attam and South Central China. Description ''Zanthoxylum khasianum'' is a scattered shrub. Branches and leaves are glabrous, with a few short spines or no spines. Leaves ...

'' Hook.f. (Assam to China (W. Yunnan)) * '' Zanthoxylum kleinii'' ( R.S.Cowan) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum kwangsiense'' ( Hand.-Mazz.) Chun ex C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum laetum''

Drake Drake may refer to: Animals * A male duck People and fictional characters * Drake (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with the family name * Drake (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name ...

(China to Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum laurentii'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (Congo to Democratic Republic of Congo) * '' Zanthoxylum leiboicum'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum lemairei'' (De Wild.) P.G.Waterman (western tropical Africa to Uganda) * '' Zanthoxylum lenticellosum'' (Urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Dominican Republic) * ''

Zanthoxylum lenticulare ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Reynel (Colombia to Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum lepidopteriphilum'' Reynel (Ecuador to Peru, north-west Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum leprieurii'' Guill. &

Perr. George Samuel Perrottet (23 February 1790 – 13 January 1870, Pondicherry), also known as Georges Guerrard-Samuel Perrottet, Guerrard Samuel Perrottet, Gustave Samuel Perrotet ic and Samuel Perrottet, was a botanist and horticulturalist from P ...

(tropical and southern Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum leratii'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum liboense'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum limoncello ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Planch. & Oerst. (Mexico to Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum lindense'' (Engl.) Kokwaro (Tanzania) * '' Zanthoxylum macranthum'' (Hand.-Mazz.) C.C. Huang (south-east Tibet to southern China) * ''

Zanthoxylum madagascariense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

Baker A baker is a tradesperson who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery. History Ancient history Since grains ...

(Madagascar) * ''

Zanthoxylum magnifasciculatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Reynel (Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum mananarense'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum mantaro'' (J.F.Macbr.) J.F.Macbr. (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum maranionense'' Reynel (Peru) * ''

Zanthoxylum martinicense ''Zanthoxylum martinicense'', the Martinique prickly ash, white pricklyash, or ''espino rubial'', is an evergreen tree with pinnately compound leaves and thick conical spines on its bark. It grows up to 20 m tall. Male and female flowers are on s ...

'' ( Lam.) DC. – white prickly ash * '' Zanthoxylum mayu'' Bertero (

Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands ( es, Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic i ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum megistophyllum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (B.L.Burtt) T.G.Hartley (Solomon Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum melanostictum'' Schltdl. &

Cham. Adelbert von Chamisso (; 30 January 178121 August 1838) was a German poet and botanist, author of ''Peter Schlemihl'', a famous story about a man who sold his shadow. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Bon ...

(Mexico to north-west Venezuela and Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum'' ( Aké Assi) W.D.Hawth. (Liberia to Ivory Coast) * '' Zanthoxylum micranthum'' Hemsl. (China) * '' Zanthoxylum mildbraedii'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (east central tropical Africa to south-west Kenya * '' Zanthoxylum minahassae'' Koord. (Sulawesi) * '' Zanthoxylum molle'' Rehder (China) * '' Zanthoxylum mollissimum'' (Engl.) P.Wilson (Mexico to Colombia) * ''

Zanthoxylum monogynum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

A.St.-Hil. Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire (4 October 17793 September 1853) was French botanist and traveller who was born and died in Orléans, France. A keen observer, he is credited with important discoveries in botany, notably th ...

(eastern Bolivia to Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum motuoense ''Zanthoxylum motuoense'' () is a woody plant from the Rutaceae family and is native to Medog, Tibet. Description ''Z. motuoense'' is a deciduous tree that can reach 15 meters in height. It is characterized by its thick branches and the 1mm long ...

'' C.C.Huang * '' Zanthoxylum multijugum'' Franch. (China) * '' Zanthoxylum myriacanthum'' Wall. ex Hook.f. (eastern Himalaya to southern China and western and central Malesia) * '' Zanthoxylum myrianthum'' (A.C.Sm.) P.G.Waterman (Fiji) * ''

Zanthoxylum nadeaudii ''Zanthoxylum nadeaudii'' is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. It is endemic to French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui ...

(

French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = "Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" , image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of French ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum nashii'' P.Wilson (Cuba to Hispaniola) * ''

Zanthoxylum nebuletorum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae in ...

'' (Herzog) P.G.Waterman (Bolivia) * '' Zanthoxylum nemorale''

Mart. Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Life Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary. He graduat ...

(eastern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum neocaledonicum'' Baker f. (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum nigrum'' Mart. (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum nitidum'' ( Roxb.) DC. – shiny-leaf prickly ash (tropical and subtropical Asia, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum novoguineense'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * ''

Zanthoxylum oahuense ''Zanthoxylum oahuense'', commonly known as ''ae'' or Oahu prickly-ash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, that is endemic to the island of Oahu in Hawaii. It is a small tree, reaching a height of . ''Ae'' inhabits mixed me ...

'' Hillebr. – Oahu prickly ash (Hawaii) * '' Zanthoxylum ovalifolium''

Wight A wight ( Old English: ''wiht'') is a mythical sentient being, often undead. In its original use the word ''wight'' described a living human being, but has come to be used in fictional works in the fantasy genre to describe certain immortal bei ...

(Andaman Island, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum'' (Engl.) Finkelstein (Angola to north-west Namibia) * ''

Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum ''Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum'' () is a tree from the family Rutaceae. Description ''Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum'' is a small deciduous tree found Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Nepal. Classification The species was published in ''Transactions of the Linnea ...

'' Edgew. (Nepal to China and Myanmar) * '' Zanthoxylum panamense'' P.Wilson (Mexico to Central America) * '' Zanthoxylum pancheri'' P.S.Green (New Caledonia) * ''

Zanthoxylum paniculatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Balf.f. (

Rodrigues Rodrigues (french: Île Rodrigues, link=yes ; Creole: ) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. Rod ...

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum paracanthum'' (

Mildbr. Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed (19 December 1879 – 24 December 1954) was a German botanist that specialized in mosses, ferns, and various spermatophytes. He is well known for authoring the most current monograph and taxonomic treatment of ...

) Kokwaro (south-east Kenya to central Tanzania) * '' Zanthoxylum paulae'' (Albuq.) P.G. Waterman (Guianas to northern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum pentandrum'' ( Aubl.) R.A.Howard (Trinidad to northern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum petenense'' Lundell (Mexico to Guatemala) * '' Zanthoxylum petiolare'' A.St.-Hil. & Tul. (Bolivia to Brazil and northern Argentina) * '' Zanthoxylum piasezkii'' Maxim. (China) * '' Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola) * ''

Zanthoxylum pilosulum ''Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' () is a woody plant from the Rutaceae family native to western and northwestern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, China. Description ''Zanthoxylum pilosulum'' grows as a shrub, reaching a height of 1-2 m ...

'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson (south-central China) * ''

Zanthoxylum pimpinelloides ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Lam.) DC. (Cuba to Hispaniola) * '' Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) W.R.B.Oliv. (Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, south-west Pacific.) * ''

'' (L.) DC. (China to South Korea, Japan) * ''

Zanthoxylum phyllopterum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' ( Griseb.) Wright (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum piasezkii'' Maxim. * '' Zanthoxylum pilosiusculum'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterm. * ''

'' Rehder & E.H. Wilson * ''

'' ( Lam.) DC. * '' Zanthoxylum pinnatum'' Druce * ''

'' (L.) DC. – Japanese pepper, chopi, Korean pepper ( China, Japan,

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republi ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum pluviatile'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea and Solomon Islands) * '' Zanthoxylum poggei'' (Engl.) P.G.Waterman (western central tropical Africa) * '' Zanthoxylum psammophilum'' (Aké Assi) P.G.Waterman (Ivory Coast) * ''

Zanthoxylum pseudoxyphyllum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' Babu (Ivory Coast) * '' Zanthoxylum pteracanthum'' Rehder & E.H.Wilson (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum pucro ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' D.M Porter (Panama to north-west Colombia) * '' Zanthoxylum punctatum'' Vahl – dotted prickly ash (Caribbean) * '' Zanthoxylum quassiifolium'' ( Donn.Sm.) Standl. &

Steyerm. Julian Alfred Steyermark (January 27, 1909 – October 15, 1988) was a Venezuelan American botanist. His focus was on New World vegetation, and he specialized in the family Rubiaceae. Life and work Julian Alfred Steyermark was born in St. Louis, ...

(Mexico to Guatemala.) * '' Zanthoxylum quinduense''

(western South America to north-west Venezuela) * ''

Zanthoxylum renieri ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (G.C.C.Gilbert) P.G.Waterman (Democratic Republic of Congo to Uganda) * '' Zanthoxylum retroflexum'' T.G.Hartley (Sumatra) * '' Zanthoxylum retusum'' (Albuq.) P.G.Waterman (Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum rhetsa'' (Roxb.) DC. – Cape yellowwood, Indian ivy-rue, Indian pepper (tropical Asia, Queensland) * '' Zanthoxylum rhodoxylum'' (Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica) * ''

Zanthoxylum rhoifolium ''Zanthoxylum rhoifolium'' is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae known by the common names ''mamica de cadela'',Pereira, S. S., et al. (2010)Antinociceptive effect of ''Zanthoxylum rhoifolium'' Lam. (Rutaceae) in models of acute pain in rod ...

'' Lam. (tropical and subtropical America) * ''

Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum ''Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum'' ()is a tree from the Rutaceae family. Description Zanthoxylum rhombifoliolatum are shrubs that can stand from 1 to 2 meters tall. It has been found in Chongqing, Guizhou, Classification The species was r ...

'' C.C.Huang (China) * ''

Zanthoxylum riedelianum ''Zanthoxylum riedelianum'' is a species of the plant in the genus '' Zanthoxylum'' in the family Rutaceae. The native range of this species is Mexico to South America. Benefits ''Zanthoxylum'' has been used worldwide to treat different conditi ...

'' Engl. (Brazil to north-east Argentina) * '' Zanthoxylum rigidum''

Humb. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ph ...

& Bonpl. ex

Willd. Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was als ...

(western South America to Paraguay) * '' Zanthoxylum rubescens'' Planch. ex Hook. (western tropical Africa to south-west Kenya and Angola) * '' Zanthoxylum sapindifolium'' Wall. (Myanmar) * '' Zanthoxylum sarasinii'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum scandens'' Blume (southern China to Nansei-shoto and western Malesia) * ''

Philipp Franz von SieboldSiebold Philipp is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: "Philipp" has also been a shortened version of Philippson, a German surname especially prevalent amongst German Jews and Dutch Jews. Surname * Adolf Philipp (1864 ...

& Zucc. – mastic-leaf prickly ash, Sichuan pepper (central and eastern China to temperate eastern Asia) * '' Zanthoxylum schlechteri'' Guillaumin (New Caledonia) * '' Zanthoxylum schreberi'' ( J.F.Gmel.) Reynel ex C.Nelson (Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia, Caribbean) * '' Zanthoxylum setulosum'' P.Wilson (Costa Rica to north-west Venezuela) * '' Zanthoxylum simulans''

Hance Hance is an English and French surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Benjamin Hance (born 2000), Australian Paralympic swimmer *Blake Hance (born 1996), American football player *Guy Hance (1933–2008), Belgian politician *Henry Flet ...

(China, South Korea, Taiwan) * '' Zanthoxylum spinosum'' (Sw.) Sw. (Florida to Caribbean) * ''

Zanthoxylum spondiifolium ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Wall. (Myanmar) * '' Zanthoxylum sprucei'' Engl. (Ecuador to Peru and western Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum stelligerum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Turcz. (central and eastern Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum stenophyllum ''Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum'' ()is a tree from the Rutaceae family. Description Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum are deciduous trees that are typically 1-3 meters tall. Classification The species was recorded in Oxford's Annals of Botany in 1895. ...

'' Hemsl. (central and eastern central China) * '' Zanthoxylum subspicatum'' H. Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum syncarpum'' (Tul.) Tul. ex

B.D.Jacks. Benjamin Daydon Jackson (3 April 1846 – 12 October 1927) was a pioneering botanist and taxonomer who wrote the first volume of '' Index Kewensis'' to include all the flowering plants. Biography Jackson was the eldest child of Benjamin Dayd ...

(Venezuela, eastern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum taediosum'' A.Rich. (Cuba) * '' Zanthoxylum tahitense'' ( Nadeaud) J.Florence & N.Hallé (Society Islands) * ''

Zanthoxylum tambopatense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Reynel (Peru) * '' Zanthoxylum tetraphyllum'' (urb. & Ekman) J.Jiménez Alm. (Haiti) * '' Zanthoxylum tetraspermum'' Wight &

(southern India, Sri Lanka) * '' Zanthoxylum thomense'' (Engl.) A.Chev. ex P.G.Waterman (Gabon and Gulf of Guinea Island) * '' Zanthoxylum thornycroftii'' (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman (

Limpopo Limpopo is the northernmost province of South Africa. It is named after the Limpopo River, which forms the province's western and northern borders. The capital and largest city in the province is Polokwane, while the provincial legislature is ...

) * ''

Zanthoxylum thouventii ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' H.Perrier (Madagascar]) * '' Zanthoxylum tidorense''

Miq. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Gro ...

(

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum timoriense'' Span. (

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make u ...

) * '' Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba'' A.St.-Hil. (eastern and southern Brazil) * '' Zanthoxylum tomentellum'' Hook.f. (Nepal to China and Myanmar) * ''

Zanthoxylum tragodes ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' (L.) DC. – Niaragato (Caribbean) * '' Zanthoxylum trijugum'' ( Dunkley) P.G.Waterman (central Tanzania to Zambia) * '' Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa'' H.Perrier (Madagascar) * '' Zanthoxylum undulatifolium'' Hemsl. (China) * '' Zanthoxylum unifoliatum'' Groppo & Pirani (Brazil) * ''

Zanthoxylum usambarense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' (Engl.) Kokwara (Ethiopia to Rwanda) * ''

Zanthoxylum usitatum ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' Pierre ex

Laness. Jean Marie Antoine Louis de Lanessan (13 July 1861– 7 November 1935) was a French statesman and naturalist. Biography De Lanessan was born in Saint-André-de-Cubzac in the Gironde department of France and entered the French Navy in 1880, serv ...

(Vietnam) * '' Zanthoxylum venosum'' Leonard (Hispaniola) * '' Zanthoxylum verrucosum'' (Cuatrec.) P.G.Waterman (Colombia to Ecuador) * '' Zanthoxylum vinkii'' T.G.Hartley (New Guinea) * '' Zanthoxylum viride'' (A.Chev.) T.G.Hartley (west tropical Africa to Congo) * ''

Zanthoxylum vitiense ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyleae i ...

'' A.C.Sm. (Fiji) * ''

Zanthoxylum wutaiense ''Zanthoxylum wutaiense'' (Chinese: 屏東花椒, ping dong hua jiao, Pingtung County prickly ash) is a woody plant from the family Rutaceae. It is native to Pingtung County, Taiwan. Description ''Zanthozylum wutaiense'' is a shrub with glabro ...

'' I.S.Chen (Taiwan) * '' Zanthoxylum xichouense'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum yakumontanum'' ( Sugim.) Nagam. (Japan) * ''

Zanthoxylum yuanjiangensis ''Zanthoxylum yuanjiangensis'' (Chinese: 元江花椒, Yuanjiang prickly ash) is a woody plant in the Rutaceae. It is native to Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China. Description ''Z.'' ''yuanjiangensis'' is a climbing vine; it has short spines with scatte ...

'' C.C.Huang (China) * '' Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides'' ( Lam.) Zepern. & Timler – Senegal prickly ash (western tropical Africa)

Doubtful species

The genus ''Fagara'' has been sunk into ''Zanthoxylum'', but , no name seemed to have been provided for the former ''Fagara externa'', which was regarded as an unplaced name by

References

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External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q147050 Peppers Zanthoxyloideae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Dioecious plants