Yefrem Yosypovych Mukhin (, ; 1766 – 1850) was a Russian physician, surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, hygienist. One of the founders of the anatomical and physiological direction in Russian medicine. He is considered the founder of

traumatology In medicine, traumatology (from Greek ''trauma'', meaning injury or wound) is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical therapy and repair of the damage. Traumatology is a branch of medicine. ...

in Russia and Ukraine. Honourary Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of

Imperial Moscow University Imperial Moscow University () was one of the oldest universities of the Russian Empire, established in 1755. It was the first of the twelve imperial universities of the Russian Empire. Its legacy is continued as Lomonosov Moscow State Universit ...

Active State Councillor Active State Councillor (, deystvitelnyi statskiy sovetnik) was a civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 4th class and equal to those of M ...

Biography

Yefrem Mukhin was born on 8 February 1766 into the noble family of

Protoiereus A ''protoiereus'' (from , "first priest", Modern Greek: πρωθιερέας), or protopriest in the Eastern Orthodox Church, is a priest usually coordinating the activity of other subordinate priests in a larger church. The title is roughly equiv ...

Yosyp Mukhin and his wife Marfa, in Zarizhne near

Chuhuiv Chuhuiv () or Chuguev () is a city in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. The city is the Capital (political), administrative center of Chuhuiv Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Chuhuiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population ...

Sloboda Ukraine Governorate Kharkov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. From 1765 to 1780 and from 1796 to 1835 the governorate was called Sloboda U ...

(present-day

Kharkiv Oblast Kharkiv Oblast (, ), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the w ...

, Ukraine). From September 1781 he studied at the Kharkiv Collegium. In May 1787, he was assigned to the hospital at the

Fortress of St. Elizabeth The Fortress of St. Elizabeth (, also known locally as "earthworks") is a former earthen fortress in the form of a six-pointed star in the city of Kropyvnytskyi in central Ukraine, which became the main symbol of the city. It is unique in that the ...

to care for the sick. In February 1789, he was transferred to the main hospital at the main apartment of

Grigory Potemkin Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski (A number of dates as late as 1742 have been found on record; the veracity of any one is unlikely to be proved. This is his "official" birth-date as given on his tombstone.) was a Russian mi ...

, where he received extensive practice "not only in one hospital, but also on the battlefield", including during the

siege of Ochakov (1788) The siege of Ochakov or the siege of Özi (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). It was known as "Özi Kuşatması" in Turkish. In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and ...

. After end of the

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). It took place concomitantly with the Austro-T ...

, he returned to the hospital in Yelysavethrad, where from December 1789 he was a prosector of anatomy. In January 1791, he was promoted to physician and began teaching osteology and the "science of dislocations and fractures" at the hospital's medical-surgical school, and also served as a surgeon. In January 1795, he began attending lectures and practical classes at

, and in October he was hired as a doctor at the Moscow Military Hospital. In August 1800, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from Moscow University for his thesis entitled ''De Kentrologia'', and in September took the position of associate professor at the Medical-Surgical Academy. At the same time, at the invitation of Metropolitan

Platon Levshin Plato II or Platon II (29 June 1737 – 11 November 1812) was the Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan of Moscow from 1775 to 1812. He personifies the Russian Enlightenment, Age of Enlightenment in the Russian Orthodox Church. He was born at Chash ...

, he taught in 1802–1808 "the entire course of medical sciences" at the

Slavic Greek Latin Academy The Slavic Greek Latin Academy () was the first higher education establishment in Moscow. History Beginning The academy's establishment may be viewed as a result of the incorporation of the Left-Bank Ukraine into Muscovy after the Treaty of Perey ...

(without salary); also lectured at the

Moscow Theological Academy Moscow Theological Academy () is a higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy, teachers, scholars, and officials. The Academy traces its origin to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy, which was founded in 1685 by th ...

. He left the university in 1835 with the rank of professor and died in his estate in Koltsovo on 12 February 1850.

Legacy

His name is on various medical colleges, medical buildings and some streets in Russian Fedration in honour of his work and achievements. In the city of

Kropyvnytskyi Kropyvnytskyi (, ) is a city in central Ukraine, situated on the Inhul, Inhul River. It serves as the administrative center of Kirovohrad Oblast. Population: Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name several times. The settlement ...

(Ukraine) there is a medical college named in his honour.

Awards and honours

* Medal "For Bravery in the Capture of Ochakov" (1788) *

Order of Saint Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir () was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine the Great, Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev, Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of ...

, 4th class (1807), 3rd class (1835) * Medal "In Commemoration of the Patriotic War of 1812" *

Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, on 14 February 1735, in hono ...

, 2nd class (1824), 2nd class with imperial crown (1831) * Insignia of Irreproachable Service for XL years (1834)

Publications

* * * *

References

;In Russian * Большая медицинская энциклопедия / Под ред. В. И. Бородулина. — 4-е изд. испр. и доп. — М.: РИПОЛ классик, 2007. — С. 485. — . * Московская энциклопедия. — М.: Фонд «Московские энциклопедии», 2010. — Т. 1. Кн. 3. — С. 108–109. — . * Биографический словарь профессоров и преподавателей Императорского Московского университета. Ч. 2. — М., 1855. — С. 139–151. * ''Шилинис Ю. А.'' Е. О. Мухин и анатомо-физиологическое направление в медицине. — М.: Изд-во медицинской лит., 1960. — 180 с. * ''Пирогов Н. И.'' �опросы жизни. Дневник старого врача.�— М.: Книжный Клуб Книговек, 2011. — 608 с. — . * ''Кононов М. В., Черво Ю. Ю.'
Ефрем Осипович Мухин (1766—1850) — выдающийся русский врач и учитель хирурга Н. И. Пирогова
// Современные вопросы теории и практики лекарствоведения: Сб. материалов научно-практической конференции... — Ярославль: издательство «Найс». — 2007. — С. 400—406. * ''Каликинская Е. И.'' Образы великих хирургов. — М.: Авторская академия. — 2012. — С. 5—36. — . * ''Дружинин П. А.'
Неизвестные письма русских писателей князю Александру Борисовичу Куракину (1752—1818).
�— М.: Трутень, 2002. — С. 235–239. — . * ''Пугачёв А. Н.'' Федяево и доктор медицины Е. О. Мухин // Край Смоленский. — 2014. — No. 2. — С. 14–19. — .
Село Федяево Вяземского уезда и доктор медицины Ефрем Осипович Мухин
// Мой город — Вязьма: Газета органов местного самоуправления Вяземского городского поселения Вяземского района Смоленской области. — Вязьма, 19.11.2013. — No. 41 (278).
Московское дворянство: алфавитный список дворянских родов с кратким указанием важнейших документов, находящихся в родословных делах Архива Московского дворянского депутатского собрания.
�— М., 1910. — С. 290. * ''Майоров М. В.'' Русская родословная мозаика. Век XVI — век XXI. — М.: Intrada, 2002. — С. 361. — . * ''Булычов Н.'
Калужская губерния. Список дворян, внесённых в дворянскую родословную книгу по 1-е октября 1908 года и перечень лиц, занимавших должности по выборам дворянства с 1785 года.
�— Калуга, 1908. — С. 133. * ''Годунов С. Ф.'' Ефрем Осипович Мухин // Ортопедия, травматология. — 1962. — No. 9. — С. 95. * ''Колосов Г. А.'' Ефрем Осипович Мухин // Врачебное дело. — 1928. — No. 8. — С. 593–598. * ''Аникина Т. П.'' Ефрем Осипович Мухин (1766–1850). К 100-летию со дня смерти // Клиническая медицина. — 1950. — No. 1. * ''Лушников А. Г.'' Крупнейший деятель медицины первой половины XIX в. Ефрем Осипович Мухин // Фельдшер и акушерка. — 1950. — No. 2. — С. 39–49. * ''Покровский Г. А.'' Профессор Мухин // Врачебное дело. — 1950. — No. 6. — С. 259–263. * Первый госпиталь и военная медицина России: 300 лет служения Отечеству. Сб. в 2 т. Том I: Становление военной медицины России. В 3 кн. Кн. 1: Военная медицина и Московский госпиталь в XVIII — начале XIX столетия / Под общ. ред. Н. Л. Крылова, В. М. Клюжева, И. Б. Максимова. — М.: Эко-Пресс, 2010. — C. 165–166. — .
Сто лет Голицынской больницы в Москве, 1802 — 22/VII — 1902
/ сост. гл. доктором и врачами больницы под ред. действительного чл. Общества истории и древностей российских Семёна Осиповича Долгова. — М.: Изд. князя С. М. Голицына, 1902.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhin, Yefrem 1766 births 1850 deaths 18th-century physicians from the Russian Empire 19th-century physicians from the Russian Empire Academic staff of Imperial Moscow University Anatomists from the Russian Empire Hygienists Imperial Moscow University alumni Military doctors from the Russian Empire People from Kharkov Governorate People from the Russian Empire of Ukrainian descent Physiologists from the Russian Empire Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class Surgeons from the Russian Empire Traumatologists