''Xanthomonas arboricola'' pv. ''pruni'' is a bacterial disease of almost all ''

Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs from the family (biology), family Rosaceae. The genus includes plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots and almonds (collectively Drupe, stonefruit). The genus has a cosm ...

''. The first complete genome was submitted to

NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is loca ...

in 2019. Available genomes place it as a member inside ''

Xanthomonas arboricola ''Xanthomonas arboricola'' is a species of bacteria. This phytopathogenic bacterium can cause disease in trees like ''Prunus'', hazelnut and walnut.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Man ...

''.

Hosts

Almost all ''

'' spp.

Distribution

Unknown in stonefruit in California until detection in

Sacramento Sacramento ( or ; ; ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. Located at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers in Northern California's Sacramento Valley, Sacramento's 2020 p ...

and northern

San Joaquin Valley The San Joaquin Valley ( ; Spanish language in California, Spanish: ''Valle de San Joaquín'') is the southern half of California's Central Valley (California), Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an importa ...

in the spring of 2013. it is still restricted to those two areas. Also found in almond cultivation in Victoria, Australia.

Detection

Palacio-Bielsa ''et al.'', 2011 provides a

SYBR Green I SYBR Green I (SG) is an asymmetrical cyanine dye used as a nucleic acid staining, stain in molecular biology. The SYBR family of dyes is produced by Molecular Probes Inc., now owned by Thermo Fisher Scientific. SYBR Green I binds to DNA. The resu ...

-based

assay An assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity ...

Management

Copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...

and

mancozeb Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site, protective action on contact. It is a combination of two other dithiocarbamates: maneb and zineb. The mixture controls many fungal diseases in a wide range of fi ...

are recommended in California for almonds and have served well elsewhere. No pesticides are registered for almonds anywhere in Australia.

Phage therapy Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively r ...

has been heavily studied for ''X. pruni'' and some treatments have been very successful. Civerolo & Keil performed several experiments in the 1970s with ' showing that peach and apricot were protected by external applications of solution.

Resistance

Resistance to copper has occurred. No copper resistance in California.

Rotation Rotation or rotational/rotary motion is the circular movement of an object around a central line, known as an ''axis of rotation''. A plane figure can rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise sense around a perpendicular axis intersect ...

or tank mixing is recommended to forestall resistance.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4021713 Stone fruit tree diseases pruni Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases