XA-360
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Patria AMV (Armoured Modular Vehicle) is an
8×8 Eight-wheel drive, often notated as 8WD or 8×8, is a drivetrain configuration that allows all eight wheels of an eight-wheeled vehicle to be drive wheels simultaneously. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined ...
multi-role
military vehicle A military vehicle is any vehicle for land-based military transport and activity, including combat vehicles, both specifically designed for or significantly used by military. Most military vehicles require Off-road vehicle, off-road capabilities ...
produced by the Finnish defence industry company Patria. The main feature of the AMV is its
modular design Modular design, or modularity in design, is a design principle that subdivides a system into smaller parts called ''modules'' (such as modular process skids), which can be independently created, modified, replaced, or exchanged with other modules ...
, which allows the incorporation of different turrets, weapons,
sensor A sensor is often defined as a device that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus. The stimulus is the quantity, property, or condition that is sensed and converted into electrical signal. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a devi ...
s, or
communications system A communications system is a collection of individual telecommunications networks systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and terminal equipment usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole. Commu ...
s on the same carriage. Designs exist for different APC (
armoured personnel carrier An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world. Acc ...
) vehicles and IFV (
infantry fighting vehicle An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), also known as a mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle and armoured personnel carrier used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct fire, direct-fire suppo ...
) versions, communications versions, ambulances and different fire-support versions, armed with large-caliber mortar and
gun A gun is a device that Propulsion, propels a projectile using pressure or explosive force. The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized liquid (e.g. in water guns or water cannon, cannons), or gas (e.g. light-gas gun). So ...
systems. The vehicle has a very good level of
mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging *Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun M ...
protection and can withstand explosions of up to
TNT Troponin T (shortened TnT or TropT) is a part of the troponin complex, which are proteins integral to the contraction of skeletal and heart muscles. They are expressed in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Troponin T binds to tropomyosin and helps ...
. The AMV has protection levels up to 30 mm
APFSDS Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), long dart penetrator, or simply dart ammunition is a type of kinetic energy penetrator ammunition used to attack modern vehicle armour. As an armament for main battle tanks, it succeeds arm ...
frontal arc. Another important feature is the very good mobility, combining speed, agility, and crew comfort in rough terrain, enabled by the sophisticated but rugged
hydropneumatic suspension Hydropneumatic suspension is a type of motor vehicle suspension system, invented by Paul Magès, produced by Citroën, and fitted to Citroën cars, as well as being used under licence by other car manufacturers. Similar systems are also widely u ...
adjusting each wheel individually.


History

The AMV stems from a 1995 investigation by the
Finnish Army The Finnish Army ( , ) is the army, land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Finnish Army is divided into six branches: infantry (which includes armoured units), field artillery, anti-aircraft artillery, Combat engineering, engineer ...
HQ into different armored vehicle concepts. In 1996, Patria Vehicles began to develop different concept vehicles and found the 8×8 one to be most suitable as a replacement for the 6×6
Sisu Pasi The Patria Pasi (earlier known as the Sisu Pasi) is a Finnish-made six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) originally designed for Finnish Defence Forces. The first variant was produced in 1983, and serial production began in 1984. It was d ...
. The
Finnish Defence Forces The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) (; ) are the military of Finland. The Finnish Defence Forces consist of the Finnish Army, the Finnish Navy, and the Finnish Air Force. In wartime, the Finnish Border Guard becomes part of the Finnish Defence For ...
(FDF) ordered a concept study in 1999, which was ready by 2000. Patria continued to develop the vehicle and the first AMV prototype was ready for testing in November 2001. Two evaluation samples were ordered by the FDF in December 2001 and were delivered in 2003. Later in 2003, the FDF ordered 24
AMOS Amos or AMOS may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Amos'' (album), an album by Michael Ray * Amos (band), an American Christian rock band * ''Amos'' (film), a 1985 American made-for-television drama film * Amos (guitar), a 1958 Gibson Fl ...
-equipped Patria AMVs for delivery 2006–09. The FDF also said that they were looking to order some 100 units, equipped with remote-controlled weapon stations, later placing an order for 62. In December 2002, the Polish Defence Ministry placed an order for 690 vehicles, making Patria the leading manufacturer of IFV in the 15–27 tonne range in Europe. Subsequent deals were made all over Europe, as well as in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates—in many places being locally produced. In 2004, the AMV became the first 4th generation combat vehicle of its kind to enter serial production. The design was based on experience gained from building the Pasi and on customer feedback on that vehicle. It was entirely designed in 3D virtual environments before construction, and successful testing of the
prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototype ...
showed that it fulfilled all expectations. The vehicle was initially designed in 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10 variants, but the 10×10 variant was later dropped.


Variants


Patria AMV (first version)

The AMV is offered in three main variants: a basic platform, a high roof platform and a heavy weapon platform. * The AMV basic platform includes APC, IFV, C2, ambulance, reconnaissance,
mortar carrier A mortar carrier, or self-propelled mortar, is a self-propelled artillery piece in which a mortar is the primary weapon. Simpler vehicles carry a standard infantry mortar while in more complex vehicles the mortar is fully integrated into th ...
, FCV,
ATGM An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. ATGMs range in size from shoulder ...
and MGS vehicles. The basic platform can also be provided as an extended Basic L platform with increased internal volume. * The AMV high roof platform features a larger and higher rear compartment, which allows more space-requiring work to be done inside the vehicle. The AMV SP is suitable for C3, large ambulance and workshop vehicles. * The AMV heavy weapon platform features a stronger structure, enabling the fitting of heavy weapon systems e.g. Patria AMOS 120 mm mortar turret or Mobile Gun System.


Patria AMVXP

In 2013 Patria launched a new upgraded version of AMV. In June 2014 Patria announced the name of its next generation 8×8 armoured vehicles, Patria AMVXP, which stands for Extra Payload, Extra Performance and Extra Protection.


Lockheed Patria Havoc AMV (United States)

Patria and
Lockheed Martin The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American Arms industry, defense and aerospace manufacturer with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta on March 15, 1995. It is headquartered in North ...
agreed to cooperate in the competition for the
US Marines The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines or simply the Marines, is the Marines, maritime land force service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for conducting expedi ...
MPC (
Marine Personnel Carrier The Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC) is a wheeled armored personnel carrier under development for acquisition by the United States Marine Corps. The program was canceled in 2013 but resurrected in 2014 as part of phase one of the Amphibious Combat ...
) program that was set to replace the
LAV-25 The LAV-25 (Light Armored Vehicle) is a member of the LAV II family. It is an eight-wheeled amphibious armored reconnaissance vehicle built by General Dynamics Land Systems and used by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Army. ...
. The USMC planned to obtain 600 MPC vehicles. Patria was to deliver the AMV 8×8 vehicle.
Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Lockheed (originally spelled Loughead) may refer to: Brands and enterprises * Lockheed Corporation, a former American aircraft manufacturer * Lockheed Martin, formed in 1995 by the merger of Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta ** Lockheed Mar ...
was responsible for the MPC offer, as well as system integration, survivability systems, the US production line, and networking and logistics. In August 2012, the Marines gave Lockheed a developmental contract for their vehicle, called the Havoc. For protection against mine attacks, the Havoc would have used a
subframe A subframe is a structural component of a vehicle, such as an automobile or an aircraft, that uses a discrete, separate structure within a larger body-on-frame or unibody to carry specific components like the powertrain, drivetrain, and suspens ...
rather than a
V-hull The V-hull is a type of vehicle armor design used on wheeled armored personnel carriers (APCs), infantry mobility vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) and MRAPs. The design originated in the 1970s with vehicles such as the Casspir used ...
. In April 2013, the Havoc successfully completed amphibious testing as part of its evaluation for the MPC program. The Marine Personnel Carrier was put on hold in June 2013, restarted in February 2014, and then restructured as Phase 1 of the
Amphibious Combat Vehicle The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is a program initiated by Marine Corps Systems Command to procure an amphibious assault vehicle for the United States Marine Corps to supplement and ultimately replace the aging Assault Amphibious Vehicle ( ...
(ACV) program, which included the previous MPC competitor entries. During the summer of 2013, the Havoc successfully completed protection systems testing during a series of blast tests. The vehicle completed all threshold and objective protection system testing, with instrumentation indicating that no disabling injuries would have resulted to any of the three crew members and nine dismounted Marines. Lockheed delivered a report demonstrating the high degree of commonality between the Havoc and other Marine Corps vehicles, aimed at reducing cost, training requirements, and logistics needs. The Lockheed Havoc AMV completed the Nevada Automotive Test Center's Butte Mountain Trail course in September 2014. Lockheed planned to offer the Havoc in the Marine Corps' ACV Phase 1 program, and give them 16 vehicles to test once a Request for Proposals (RFP) was released in early 2015. In July 2015 partnership between Patria and Lockheed Martin came to an end, and Havoc was not offered to the Amphibious Combat Vehicle program.


Other variants

*The Slovenian variant "SKOV Svarun 8x8" uses a specially designed hydraulic door. The new door features additional carrying space for ammunition, two RPG-type anti-tank weapons and a general purpose machinegun. Another Slovenian variant "Patria Mangart 25 RCT" is a modification of SKOV Svarun by adding a Mangart 25mm autocannon turret (RCT = Remote Controlled Turret) developed by Slovenian company Valhalla. *The South African "
Badger Badgers are medium-sized short-legged omnivores in the superfamily Musteloidea. Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat bodies and adaptions for fossorial activity rather than by the ...
" variant, equipped with an underfloor armour package from Land Mobility Technologies (LMT) and
Denel Land Systems Denel Land Systems is a division of the Denel group. It was formerly Lyttelton Engineering Works (LIW—from ), a subsidiary part of the commercial network from Armscor. It then became the ''Systems'' division of the ''Land Systems Group'' of ...
's Modular Combat Turret (MCT). Offered in Section, Fire Support, Mortar, Command and Missile sub-variants. Due to various factors, e.g. mismanagement of the project and involvement by the Guptas brothers and associates , it is yet to enter South African service. *Slovak variant "BOV 8x8 VYDRA" it is armed with a 30mm GTS 30 cannon mounted in a TURRA 30 with fire control system and ammunition containers. *The UAE variant is slightly lengthened (0.4 m longer) to allow fitting of the more spacious
BMP-3 The BMP-3 is a Soviet and Russian infantry fighting vehicle, successor to the BMP-1 and BMP-2. The abbreviation BMP stands for ''Boevaya Mashina Pekhoty'' (, literally "infantry combat vehicle"). Production history The design of the BMP-3 ('' ...
turret and the same number of soldiers as the original AMV model. *BAE partnered with Patria to offer the "AMV35", a version of the AMV with an E35 turret from the CV9035 to create a combat reconnaissance vehicle for the Australian Army's Land 400 Phase 2 mounted combat reconnaissance requirement. *Patria made an AMV featuring the CMI Defense CT-CV 105HP turret. The turret features an autoloader, laser warning system, and capabilities for a barrel launched guided missile.


Service


Polish service

The
Polish Army The Land Forces () are the Army, land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military histor ...
has ordered 690 vehicles in 2003, including 313 AMVs with the Italian
Oto Melara OTO Melara was a subsidiary of the Italian company Finmeccanica, today Leonardo, active in the defence sector, with factories in Brescia and La Spezia. From 1 January 2016, the activities of OTO Melara merged into Leonardo's Defence Systems ...
30 mm
Hitfist Oto Melara Hitfist is a two-man turret for armored vehicles developed by the Italian Oto Melara company. The turrets are designed to mount a 25mm Oerlikon KBA or 30/40mm ATK Mk44 Bushmaster II autocannon. The main armament may mount a co-axia ...
-30P
turret Turret may refer to: * Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building * Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon * Optical microscope#Objective turret (revolver or revolving nose piece), Objective turre ...
and 377 AMVs in "base" configuration to by converted in Poland to other various configurations be delivered between 2004 and 2013. Some of the Polish vehicles were deployed in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
. The Polish vehicles are known as
KTO Rosomak The KTO Rosomak () is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Finnish Patria AMV. It is produced by Rosomak S.A., a Polish Armaments Group company, in Siemianowice Śląskie. History The XC-360 transporter was ...
("
wolverine The wolverine ( , ; ''Gulo gulo''), also called the carcajou or quickhatch (from East Cree, ''kwiihkwahaacheew''), is the largest land-dwelling species, member of the family Mustelidae. It is a muscular carnivore and a solitary animal. The w ...
") in Polish Army service. In 2013 the Polish army ordered 307 more vehicles, including 122 AMVs and 80 mortars, totaling 997 units making Poland the largest operator by a fair margin. The Vehicles are built in Poland under licence. In 2017 Polish Ministry of Defence said that production of KTO Rosomak is now 100% based in Poland.


Finnish service

The Finnish Army has ordered 24 AMVs fitted with the AMOS mortar system and 62 AMVs fitted with
Protector (RWS) The Protector RWS is a remotely controlled weapons station (RWS) that can be mounted to vehicles and stationary platforms. It has been in full scale production since December 2001. It is manufactured by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace of Norway. ...
remote weapon system for the 12.7 mm M2HB QCB heavy machine gun or the GMG grenade machine gun. The standard version is known as ''XA-360'' in Finnish Army service, while the AMOS version is known as ''XA-361''.


Slovenian service

In June 2006, the
Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
n Ministry of Defence declared that the Patria AMV would be the new
armoured fighting vehicle An armoured fighting vehicle (British English) or armored fighting vehicle (American English) (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by vehicle armour, armour, generally combining operational mobility with Offensive (military), offensive a ...
of the
Slovenian Armed Forces The Slovenian Armed Forces or Slovenian Army (SAF; ; 'SV'' are the armed forces of Slovenia. Since 2003, it is organized as a fully professional standing army. The Commander-in-Chief of the SAF is the President of the Republic of Slovenia, ...
. Patria will supply 135 vehicles, some equipped with the NEMO mortar, some with Elbit 30 mm remote controlled weapon station and the rest with Kongsberg Protector turrets. Allegations in the Finnish media that Patria used bribery to secure the Slovenian contract led to a scandal and a criminal investigation in Finland and may have contributed to the defeat of Prime Minister
Janez Janša Ivan Janša (; born 17 September 1958), better known as Janez Janša (), is a Slovenian politician who served three times as a prime minister of Slovenia, a position he had held from 2004 to 2008, from 2012 to 2013, and from 2020 to 2022. Since ...
in the 2008 Slovenian parliamentary elections. Due to the
2008 financial crisis The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis (GFC), was a major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States. The causes of the 2008 crisis included excessive speculation on housing values by both homeowners ...
, the defence budget was cut several times. At first, the contract to supply 135 vehicles should have been amended to have less vehicles with better armament. Later on, the defence ministry suffered from even bigger financial cuts. In 2012, the Defence Minister announced the termination of the contract, by which time 30 vehicles had been received.


South African service

In May 2007, the South African
Denel Land Systems Denel Land Systems is a division of the Denel group. It was formerly Lyttelton Engineering Works (LIW—from ), a subsidiary part of the commercial network from Armscor. It then became the ''Systems'' division of the ''Land Systems Group'' of ...
was awarded a contract to build an improved version of the AMV, with a high level of ballistic and mine protection for the
South African National Defence Force The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of ...
(SANDF). The AMV will replace South-African Ratels as part of the "Project Hoefyster" (Horseshoe). Five different versions are included: Command, Mortar, Missile, Section and Fire Support vehicles. In November 2013, Denel Land Systems and Patria announced an agreement regarding Patria AMV 8×8 armoured wheeled vehicle serial production and delivery to South Africa. The agreement includes 238 vehicles, with 5 pre-series vehicles delivered during the development phase. In 2023, the SANDF was still in possession of 4 of the 5 original pre-production vehicles, but had not actually accepted them into service. The remainder of the order remained unfilled due to Denel's financial difficulties.


Croatian service

In July 2007, the
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
n Ministry of Defence selected the Patria AMV as the new armoured fighting vehicle of the
Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia The Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia () are the national military forces of Croatia. The Croatian military consists of three service branches: the Croatian Army, the Croatian Navy and the Croatian Air Force. The OSRH is headed by the Pr ...
in their first international tender in its history. 84 AMVs will be supplied. Initially, the plan called for 84 8×8 vehicles and 42 6×6 vehicles. The Croatian Ministry of Defence has approved the purchase of 84 Patria AMV 8×8 vehicles. The 6×6 configuration idea was scrapped, and the remaining 42 vehicles were decided to be 8×8s. The purchase of the remaining 42 AMVs was made in December 2008. Due to the
2008 financial crisis The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis (GFC), was a major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States. The causes of the 2008 crisis included excessive speculation on housing values by both homeowners ...
, the contract was slightly amended in April 2010. There was an initial plan of shelving the order by a half, 64 vehicles were mentioned, but it was decided that the total of 126 units would remain on order. In order to somewhat decrease the cost of the deal, the most expensive variants like the NEMO or engineering units will probably be replaced by less costly APC variants. On the other hand, the production will be sped up and all vehicles are to be delivered by the end of 2012.


Macedonian service

The government of the
Republic of North Macedonia North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe. It shares land borders with Greece to the south, Albania to the west, Bulgaria to the east, Kosovo to the northwest and Serbia to the n ...
announced in 2006 that it would procure the same type that the Croatian military chooses after test trials in 2007—as this would be a less expensive than conducting trials of their own. The configuration of Patria vehicles that eventually win the competition will be similar to those in Slovenian service, but probably in smaller numbers. Any contract has not been published.


UAE service

In January 2008, Patria announced that the
United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...
armed forces had ordered the AMV, equipped with the
BMP-3 The BMP-3 is a Soviet and Russian infantry fighting vehicle, successor to the BMP-1 and BMP-2. The abbreviation BMP stands for ''Boevaya Mashina Pekhoty'' (, literally "infantry combat vehicle"). Production history The design of the BMP-3 ('' ...
turret. The number of vehicles is yet to be announced.


Czech service

In January 2008, Patria offered to deliver 30 AMVs within four months of ordering, if the
Czech Army The Czech Armed Forces (), also known as the Czech Army, are the military responsible for the defence of the Czech Republic as the main part of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (). The Czech Armed Forces led by the General Staff consis ...
chose the AMV as its next APC. The Czech army had earlier chosen the Austrian
Steyr Steyr (; ) is a statutory city (Austria), statutory city, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria. It is the administrative capital, though not part of Steyr-Land District. Steyr is Austria's 12th most populated town and the 3rd lar ...
Pandur Pandurs were a type of light infantry unit raised in Central Europe. The first was Trenck's Pandurs, used by the Kingdom of Hungary from 1741, fighting in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Silesian Wars. Others to follow included Vla ...
as their next APC, but the
Czech government Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surna ...
withdrew from the deal at the end of last year, citing Steyr's failure to fulfill the commitments ensuing from the contract.


Swedish service

In August 2010, Patria sold 113 AMVs to Sweden in a deal worth 250 million Euros. The deal included an option for another 113 vehicles in the future.


Combat history

;War in Afghanistan (2001–2014): *The
Polish Land Forces The Land Forces () are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history str ...
contingent, which was a part of the
International Security Assistance Force The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was a multinational military mission in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. It was established by United Nations Security Council United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386, Resolution 1386 ac ...
, operated 35 (later raised to 128) KTO Rosomak vehicles (including 5 medevac) in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
since 2007. The APCs were equipped with additional steel-composite
armour Armour (Commonwealth English) or armor (American English; see American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, spelling differences) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, e ...
. In early 2008, a Polish Rosomak serving in Afghanistan (the version with upgraded armour) was attacked by
Taliban , leader1_title = Supreme Leader of Afghanistan, Supreme leaders , leader1_name = {{indented plainlist, * Mullah Omar{{Natural Causes{{nbsp(1994–2013) * Akhtar Mansour{{Assassinated (2015–2016) * Hibatullah Akhundzada (2016–present) ...
rebels. The vehicle was hit with
RPG-7 The RPG-7 is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank, rocket launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has t ...
rockets but it managed to fire back and returned to base without any help required. In June 2008, a Rosomak was attacked by Taliban and was hit in its frontal armour with an RPG which did not penetrate the armour. In 2009, the first soldier was reported killed while traveling in a Rosomak after an IED exploded under the vehicle causing it to roll over and crushing the gunner who had been standing in the open turret. Similar explosions caused by mines and IEDs have occurred before though they have failed to inflict casualties. *In October 2010, a platoon of Svarun vehicles was sent to Afghanistan to support the
Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
n
OMLT Operational Mentoring and Liaison Teams (OMLTs) were the NATO equivalent of the United States' Embedded Training Teams and were active in Afghanistan. Countries Teams from several countries provided training and operational support to the ...
. ;European Union mission in Chad (2008–2009) : European Union Force Chad/CAR used 16 KTO Rosomak (including 2 medevac). ;Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates-led intervention in Yemen (2015–present) :
United Arab Emirates Army The United Arab Emirates Army (UAEA) is the land force branch of the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces.The UAE Armed Forces were officially formed in 1976, unifying the military forces of the individual emirates under a single command. History ...
used 8×8 Patria AMVs fitted with remotely operated turrets in an offensive along the west coast of Yemen. ;Russo-Ukrainian War The Polish-made Patria AMVs have been used by the
Armed Forces of Ukraine The Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) are the Military, military forces of Ukraine. All military and security forces, including the Armed Forces, are under the command of the president of Ukraine and subject to oversight by a permanent Verkhovna Rad ...
during the
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
since autumn 2023. On 24 September, three vehicles were lost during failed attack by the Ukrainian Armed Forces near Andriivka.


Operators


Current operators

; (126 in service, 30 on order): :* 84 Patria AMV ordered in 2007 in 3 variants (BOV an APC, BOV-Sn an ambulance, BOV-Log a logistics variant) manufactured in Croatia. :* 42 Patria AMV ordered in December 2008 in 3 variants (BOV an APC, BOV-Sn an ambulance, BOV-Log a logistics variant) manufactured in Croatia. :* 30 Patria AMV IFV ordered in March 2023, to be equipped with Elbit UT30MK2 turrets outfitted with Spike LR missiles for €158 million, to be delivered by 2028. : 12 additional Patria AMV IFV are expected to fill the Medium Brigade requirements. ; (80): 62 standard APCs equipped with
Kongsberg Kongsberg () is a historical mining town and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The city is located on the river Numedalslågen at the entrance to the valley of Numedal. Kongsberg has been a centre of silver mining, arms production and fo ...
turrets and 18 armoured wheeled mortar carriers equipped with the AMOS mortar system. ; (1197): 1,197 APCs and
amphibious Amphibious means able to use either land or water. In particular it may refer to: Animals * Amphibian, a vertebrate animal of the class Amphibia (many of which live on land and breed in water) * Amphibious caterpillar * Amphibious fish, a fish ...
AFVs. Manufactured under license at Rosomak S.A, marked as ''
KTO Rosomak The KTO Rosomak () is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Finnish Patria AMV. It is produced by Rosomak S.A., a Polish Armaments Group company, in Siemianowice Śląskie. History The XC-360 transporter was ...
'' (, transl. wheeled armored personnel carrier "Wolverine"). All of the ordered vehicles were delivered by 2019. In 2013 the original order for 359 IFVs and 331 base vehicles was increased by 307 units—including 122 IFVs with new turret. In 2013 there were a total of 570 vehicles in service In January 2015, the
Polish army The Land Forces () are the Army, land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 110,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military histor ...
placed an order for 200 additional vehicles. This brought the total number of vehicles in operation up to 977. ; (76): In March 2022 the Slovakian Ministry of Defence selected Finland and Patria AMVxp 8x8 as BOV 8x8 programme tender winner. 76 vehicles, new version of Patria AMVXP ordered and being delivered. ; (30 in service, 106 on order): * 2006-2012 order: 30 Patria AMV vehicles (local designation SKOV Svarun 8x8) that had already been delivered (full delivery of original order did not happen due to economic and legal questions). Some later modified into Patria Mangart 25 RCT variant by adding a Slovenian 25mm cannon turret. * 2024 order: On 11 July 2024, Slovenian Prime Minister
Robert Golob Robert Golob (born 23 January 1967) is a Slovenian businessman and politician, serving as Prime Minister of Slovenia and leader of the Freedom Movement since 2022. Early life and education Golob obtained his PhD in electrical engineering at th ...
announced that Slovenia will buy 106 Patria AMVXP vehicles after a competition between four contenders. The vehicles will be used to create a medium battalion battle group and later a scout battalion. ; (113): Sweden made an order for 113 vehicles, and had an option for the same number of vehicles, but a Swedish court ordered the competition to be re-done. In August 2010 the new competition ended in the same result as the original competition with Sweden ordering 113 vehicles from Patria. The first vehicles were delivered in March 2013. ; (55): The United Arab Emirates Army ordered an initial evaluation batch of 15 vehicles. These vehicles will be equipped with
BMP-3 The BMP-3 is a Soviet and Russian infantry fighting vehicle, successor to the BMP-1 and BMP-2. The abbreviation BMP stands for ''Boevaya Mashina Pekhoty'' (, literally "infantry combat vehicle"). Production history The design of the BMP-3 ('' ...
turrets and have therefore been slightly modified, including a somewhat longer hull. In January 2016, the General Headquarters of the UAE armed forces ordered 40 Patria AMV hulls with the option of 50 more. The vehicles were shipped in June 2016 from Patria's Polish production line. The Patrias are used in Yemen in combat operations.


Future operators

; (82 ordered, 810 planned in total) : It was reported in December 2020, that two Patria AMVXP 8×8 vehicles are being sent to Japan from Finland for field tests to participate in the Next Wheeled Armored Vehicle project under the Japanese Ministry of Defense. In December 2021, the MOD started field tests to asertain the vehicle and an unnamed armored vehicle made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. In December 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Defense awarded a contract for the AMV through Patria Japan. A first batch of 140 is expected. 140 engines were ordered by Japan from Scania for this vehicle. In August 2023, Patria and Japan Steel Works Ltd. (JSW) signed a license agreement on manufacturing for vehicles in Japan. The agreement enables local production in accordance with Japan Ground Self-Defense Force's Wheeled Armored Personnel Carrier (WAPC) programme. The final number of vehicles is unknown as of 2024. : Orders: :* 28 planned with the 2025 budget ( ¥ 22.5 billion) :* 28 vehicles with the 2024 budget ( ¥ 20.0 billion) :* 26 vehicles with the 2023 budget ( ¥ 13.6 billion) ; (238): 238 units on order. Designated ''Badger''. There will be five versions: a standard infantry carrier, a command car, fire support variant, mortar carrier and tank hunter. Licensed production in South Africa by
Denel Denel SOC Ltd is a South African state-owned aerospace and military technology conglomerate established in 1992. It was created when the manufacturing subsidiaries of Armscor were split off in order for Armscor to become the procurement agency ...
was scheduled to commence in 2012, but this was delayed to 2017 and subsequently to 2023 due to the company's financial difficulties. As of November 2023, no production Badgers had been delivered. The South African army was in possession of 4 pre-production models supplied by Denel for trials purposes, but these were not formally accepted into service. ; (200) : In April 2023, Ukraine ordered 100 vehicles from the Polish production line. The vehicles will be paid by funds allocated by the EU and USA. Later, in an interview, president Zelensky said that there would be 200 vehicles, 100 now, 100 later. The deal would include mortar carriers.


Failed bids

; : BAE Systems Australia and Land 400 bid partner Patria were confirmed as one of two tenders selected to take part in the 12-month Risk Mitigation Activity for the Australian Army's Land 400 Phase 2 combat reconnaissance vehicle program. The other tender was the German-Dutch
BOXER Boxer most commonly refers to: *Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing * Boxer (dog), a breed of dog Boxer or boxers may also refer to: Animal kingdom * Boxer crab * Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans * Boxer snipe ee ...
IFV. The German BOXER was announced as the winner in March 2018. ; : The Patria AMV and more recently (as of 2017) Patria AMVXP is a strong contender for the order in the new Bulgarian project for a new type of wheeled IFV. The project initially called for a total of 238 vehicles in different variants (of them 100 in combat variant, the rest in combat support (reconnaissance, combat engineer etc.) and combat service support variants (MedEvac etc.)). In the end of 2016 the Bulgarian Ministry of Defence re-examined the conditions and out of budget considerations reduced the number of combat vehicles to 90. The requirement that the combat, CS and CSS variants should be of one standard platform was dropped. The new baseline of the project calls for 90 combat vehicles and 108 supporting vehicles for a total cost of 1.22 billion BGN or about €600 million. RfI-letters have been sent to
General Dynamics Land Systems General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) is an American manufacturer of military vehicles, including tanks and light Armoured fighting vehicle, armored fighting vehicles. The company is based in Sterling Heights, Michigan, and is a subsidiary of Gen ...
MOWAG Mowag is a Swiss company founded in 1950, which develops, designs and produces armoured fighting vehicles for military applications in both land-only and amphibious configurations. These vehicles have gross vehicle weights ranging from 9 tonn ...
(for the
Piranha V The Piranha V infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) is the fifth generation variant of the Mowag Piranha family of vehicles. It was designed by General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH. The first prototype was completed in 2008. It was firs ...
and the
Pandur II Pandurs were a type of light infantry unit raised in Central Europe. The first was Trenck's Pandurs, used by the Kingdom of Hungary from 1741, fighting in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Silesian Wars. Others to follow included Vla ...
),
Nexter Systems KNDS France (formerly known as Nexter, GIAT Industries or ''Groupement des Industries de l'Armée de Terre'', Army Industries Group) is a French Government-owned corporation, government-owned arms industry, weapons manufacturer, based in Versaill ...
(for the
VBCI The véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie ( English: ''armoured infantry fighting vehicle'') or VBCI is a French Infantry fighting vehicle designed and manufactured by ''GIAT Industries'' (now Nexter Systems) and Renault Trucks Defense (now ...
), Patria Oy (for the Patria AMV and Patria AMVXP, both have been demonstrated in the country), Rheinmetall Defence AG (for the
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to: *Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing * Boxer (dog), a breed of dog Boxer or boxers may also refer to: Animal kingdom * Boxer crab * Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans * Boxer snipe ee ...
), Textron (a joint offer together with Rheinmetall Defence AG for the
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to: *Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing * Boxer (dog), a breed of dog Boxer or boxers may also refer to: Animal kingdom * Boxer crab * Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans * Boxer snipe ee ...
in the combat role and Commando Select assembled in Bulgaria in the combat support and combat service support roles. Textron offered its own 6x6 prototype in the combat role, but due to its still unproven status it is considered the weakest alternative), Iveco-Leonardo Defence System (for the
B1 Centauro The Centauro is a family of Italian military vehicles originating from a wheeled tank destroyer for light to medium territorial defense and tactical reconnaissance. It was developed by a consortium of manufacturers, the Società Consortile Iveco ...
in the updated 120mm B2 version) and Krauss Maffei Wegman GmbH (also for the
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to: *Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing * Boxer (dog), a breed of dog Boxer or boxers may also refer to: Animal kingdom * Boxer crab * Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans * Boxer snipe ee ...
). In the beginning of 2017 the defence minister in the Gerdzhikov caretaker government decided, that RfI-letters should be sent to 7 additional companies. Only
Otokar Otokar Otomotiv ve Savunma Sanayi A.Ş., also known simply as Otokar, is a Turkish bus and military vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Sakarya, Turkey. Otokar is a subsidiary of Koç Holding. History Otokar was founded in 1963 as Turkey' ...
(for the
Arma Arma, ARMA or variants, may refer to: Places * Arma, Kansas, United States * Arma, Nepal * Arma District, Peru * Arma District, Yemen * Arma Mountains, Afghanistan People * Arma people, an ethnic group of the middle Niger River valley * Arma lan ...
), FNSS (for the
Pars Pars may refer to: * Fars province of Iran, also known as Pars Province * Pars (Sasanian province), a province roughly corresponding to the present-day Fars, 224–651 * ''Pars'', for ''Persia'' or ''Iran'', in the Persian language * Pars News Ag ...
) and WMZ (for the
KTO Rosomak The KTO Rosomak () is a family of eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Finnish Patria AMV. It is produced by Rosomak S.A., a Polish Armaments Group company, in Siemianowice Śląskie. History The XC-360 transporter was ...
) were credible contenders. The forerunners in the competition at the end of 2017 were the Piranha V, the Patria AMVXP and the Otokar Arma. Patria Group has expressed willingness to involve Bulgarian defence sector companies as subcontractors in the production not only of eventual Bulgarian vehicles, but also for export markets. : An offer made by General Dynamics Land Systems for a cheaper
Stryker The Stryker is a family of Eight-wheel drive, eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III. Stryker vehicles are produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) for the United States Army in a plant in L ...
won the competition and was approved by the parliament in September 2023, 183 vehicles for USD $1.37 billion. ; (199) : The Pandur II 8×8 was selected in 2006, and it was in competition against the Patria AMV. ; (260 planned, 188 produced) : The Pandur II 8×8 was selected in 2005 and it was in competition against the
Piranha III The Mowag Piranha is a family of armoured fighting vehicles designed by the Switzerland, Swiss company Mowag (since 2010 General Dynamics European Land Systems – Mowag GmbH). Five generations of vehicles have been produced, manufactured by Mow ...
C and the Patria AMV ; : In 2015, a program to replace the VEC-M1, the BMR-M1 and part of the
M113 The M113 is a fully tracked armored personnel carrier (APC) that was developed and produced by the FMC Corporation. The M113 was sent to United States Army Europe in 1961 to replace the mechanized infantry's M59 APCs. The M113 was first used ...
fleet was launched by the Spanish Army. The competitors were the
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to: *Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing * Boxer (dog), a breed of dog Boxer or boxers may also refer to: Animal kingdom * Boxer crab * Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans * Boxer snipe ee ...
, the Freccia, the Patria AMV, the
Piranha V The Piranha V infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) is the fifth generation variant of the Mowag Piranha family of vehicles. It was designed by General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH. The first prototype was completed in 2008. It was firs ...
, the SEP and the
VBCI The véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie ( English: ''armoured infantry fighting vehicle'') or VBCI is a French Infantry fighting vehicle designed and manufactured by ''GIAT Industries'' (now Nexter Systems) and Renault Trucks Defense (now ...
. : In September 2015, the competition was won by GDELS with the
Piranha V The Piranha V infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) is the fifth generation variant of the Mowag Piranha family of vehicles. It was designed by General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag GmbH. The first prototype was completed in 2008. It was firs ...
. In December 2019, the Spanish Government cancelled the program, and relaunched the competition. In August 2020, the Piranha V of GDELS Santa Barbara Sistemas in collaboration with
Indra Sistemas Indra Sistemas, S.A. () is a Spanish information technology and defense company. Indra is listed on the Bolsa de Madrid and is a constituent of the IBEX 35 index. The current executive chairman is Ángel Escribano. In 2018 and 2019 Indra was fi ...
and Sapa Placencia again won the competition for a first batch of 348 vehicles for €1.74 billion. It is known as the ''Dragon VCR''.


Evaluation-only operators

; : The Patria AMV partook in the
Amphibious Combat Vehicle The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is a program initiated by Marine Corps Systems Command to procure an amphibious assault vehicle for the United States Marine Corps to supplement and ultimately replace the aging Assault Amphibious Vehicle ( ...
trials in the US.
Lockheed Martin The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American Arms industry, defense and aerospace manufacturer with worldwide interests. It was formed by the merger of Lockheed Corporation with Martin Marietta on March 15, 1995. It is headquartered in North ...
partnered with Patria offering the AMV under the name Havoc, but ended cooperation with Patria and offered a different vehicle for the program in July 2015. In 2016, LM introduced a new ACV armored vehicle. ; (> 200) : The Chilean Army was looking for a successor to its 160 Piraña I 6×6 and 30 Piraña I 8×8. On a long term perspective, more than 200 vehicles are expected to be purchased, but in the meantime, a first phase of the replacement includes a tender for 82 8×8 armoured vehicles. The requirement mentions a maximum weight of 38 tons. Among the known competitors were. The deadline for the selection is dated April 8, 2025: ::* Altuğ by the Turkish BMC ::* AMV by the Finnish
Patria Group Patria Plc (, ) is a Finnish provider of defence, security and aviation life-cycle support services. Patria is owned 50.1% by the Finnish government and 49.9% by Norwegian defense group Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace AS. Operating model In acc ...
::*
Arma Arma, ARMA or variants, may refer to: Places * Arma, Kansas, United States * Arma, Nepal * Arma District, Peru * Arma District, Yemen * Arma Mountains, Afghanistan People * Arma people, an ethnic group of the middle Niger River valley * Arma lan ...
by the Turkish
Otokar Otokar Otomotiv ve Savunma Sanayi A.Ş., also known simply as Otokar, is a Turkish bus and military vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Sakarya, Turkey. Otokar is a subsidiary of Koç Holding. History Otokar was founded in 1963 as Turkey' ...
::* Freccia by the Italian
Iveco Iveco S.p.A., an acronym for Industrial Vehicles Corporation, is an Italian multinational transport vehicle manufacturing company with headquarters in Turin, Italy. It designs and builds light, medium, and heavy Commercial vehicle, commercial veh ...
::*
K808 White Tiger The K808/806 White Tiger ( "Baekho", Hanja: 白虎) wheeled armored personnel carrier (APC) is family of 8x8 and 6x6 armored vehicles. Developed by Hyundai Rotem as a private venture in 2012, the Republic of Korea Army, Korean Army declared a p ...
by the South Korean
Hyundai Rotem Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling, defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than ...
::*
Pandur II Pandurs were a type of light infantry unit raised in Central Europe. The first was Trenck's Pandurs, used by the Kingdom of Hungary from 1741, fighting in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Silesian Wars. Others to follow included Vla ...
8×8 by the Czech
Excalibur Army The Czechoslovak Group (CSG), formerly Excalibur Group, is a Czech industrial-technological holding company encompassing over 100 companies with over 10,000 employees worldwide. Headquartered in Prague, CSG operates in several sectors including d ...
::*
Stryker The Stryker is a family of Eight-wheel drive, eight-wheeled armored fighting vehicles derived from the Canadian LAV III. Stryker vehicles are produced by General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada (GDLS-C) for the United States Army in a plant in L ...
8×8 by the United States
US army The United States Army (USA) is the primary land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the United Stat ...
(the only offer for already used units) ::*
Terrex ICV The Terrex Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV) is an Eight-wheel drive, 8x8 armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) developed by ST Engineering of Singapore and Timoney Technology Limited of Ireland, Timoney Technology of Ireland, and produced by ST Engineeri ...
by the Singapore
ST Engineering ST Engineering, is a global technology, defence and engineering group with a diverse portfolio of businesses across the aerospace, smart city, defence and public security segments. Headquartered in Singapore, the group reported a revenue of ov ...


Museum exhibits

*
Parola Tank Museum Parola Tank Museum, officially Armoured Vehicle Museum (Finnish language, Finnish ''Panssarimuseo'', Swedish language, Swedish ''Pansarmuséet'') is a Museum#military museum, military museum located 110 kilometres north of Helsinki in Parola (Hat ...
,
Hattula Hattula () is a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Tavastia Proper region and until 2010 it was located in the province of Southern Finland. Hattula is almost completely surrounded by Hämeenlinna, only in the north it shares the border w ...
, 1 APC variant with Kongsberg turret and 1 AMOS mock-up


See also

* (amphibious) * Comparable systems: * * * (amphibious) * * * * (amphibious) * (amphibious) * (amphibious) * (amphibious)


References


External links


Patria AMV official website


{{DEFAULTSORT:Patria Amv Armoured personnel carriers of Finland Post–Cold War military vehicles of Finland Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s Wheeled armoured fighting vehicles Eight-wheeled vehicles Amphibious armoured personnel carriers Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period AMV Infantry fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period