''Tricholoma'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungus A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored

gilled mushrooms The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in o ...

which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees. The generic name derives from and although only a few species (such as '' T. vaccinum'') have shaggy caps which fit this description. The most sought-out species are the East Asian '' T. matsutake'', also known as ''matsutake'' or ''songi'', and the North American ''

Tricholoma magnivelare ''Tricholoma magnivelare'', commonly known as the matsutake, white matsutake, ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, or American matsutake, is a gilled mushroom found East of the Rocky Mountains in North America growing in coniferous woodland. Thes ...

'' species complex, also known as "ponderosa mushroom", "American matsutake", or " pine mushroom". Others are safe to eat, such as '' T. terreum'', but there are a few poisonous members, such as '' T. pardinum'', '' T. tigrinum'' and '' T. equestre''. Many species originally described within ''Tricholoma'' have since been moved to other genera. These include the Wood blewit (''

Clitocybe nuda ''Collybia nuda'', commonly known as the blewit or wood blewit and previously described as ''Lepista nuda'' and ''Clitocybe nuda'', is a species of fungi. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many ...

''), previously ''T. nudum'', blewit (''

Clitocybe saeva ''Collybia personata'' (also recognised as ''Lepista personata'', ''Lepista saeva'', ''Clitocybe saeva'' and ''Tricholoma personatum'', and commonly known as the field blewit and blue-leg) is a species of edible fungus commonly found growing in ...

''), previously ''T. personatum'', and St George's mushroom (''

Calocybe gambosa ''Calocybe gambosa'', commonly known as St. George's mushroom, is an edible mushroom that grows mainly in fields, grass verges and roadsides. Deriving its common name from when it first appears in the UK, namely on St George's Day (23 April). I ...

'') previously ''T. gambosum''. Tricholomalides are

neurotrophic Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules – nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins – that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons. Most NTFs exert their trop ...

diterpenoid Diterpenes are a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primar ...

s isolated from species of ''Tricholoma''. Tricholomalide A and B Structures

Species list

*''

Tricholoma acerbum ''Tricholoma acerbum'' is a mushroom of the agaric family Tricholomataceae. It is found in Europe and North America, in temperate, deciduous oak forests. It has mycorrhizal associations with oak, chestnut, linden and hazel trees. In southern ...

'' – bitter knight *''

Tricholoma aestuans ''Tricholoma aestuans'' is a mushroom of the agaric genus ''Tricholoma''. First described formally by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, it was transferred to the genus ''Tricholoma'' by Claude Casimir Gillet Claude Casimir Gillet (19 May 1806 in Dor ...

'' – acrid knight *''

Tricholoma albobrunneum ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various spec ...

'' *''

Tricholoma album ''Tricholoma album'', commonly known as the white knight, is an all-white mushroom of the large genus ''Tricholoma''. It is found in Europe, India, and possibly North America. The cap and gills are white. The whitish stipe has no ring. Taxonom ...

'' – white knight *'' Tricholoma apium'' – scented knight *'' Tricholoma argyraceum'' *'' Tricholoma arvernense'' – sovereign knight *'' Tricholoma atrosquamosum'' – dark-scaled knight *'' Tricholoma aurantium'' – orange knight *'' Tricholoma auratum'' – golden ''Tricholoma'' *'' Tricholoma bakamatsutake'' *''

Tricholoma batschii ''Tricholoma batschii'' is a species of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae The Tricholomataceae are a large family of fungi within the order Agaricales. Originally a classic "wastebasket taxon", the family included any white-, yel ...

'' *'' Tricholoma cingulatum'' – girdled knight *'' Tricholoma colossus'' – giant knight *'' Tricholoma columbetta'' – blue spot knight, dove-coloured ''Tricholoma '' *''

Tricholoma equestre ''Tricholoma equestre'' or ''Tricholoma flavovirens'', commonly known as the man on horseback or yellow knight, is a species of fungus of the genus '' Tricholoma'' that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees. It has been treasured as an edible mu ...

'' (previously ''T. flavovirens'') – yellow knight, Man-on-Horseback *'' Tricholoma focale'' - booted knight *''

Tricholoma fracticum ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various spec ...

'' *'' Tricholoma fucatum'' *'' Tricholoma fulvum'' – birch knight *'' Tricholoma huronense'' *'' Tricholoma imbricatum'' – matt knight *'' Tricholoma inamoenum'' – gassy knight *''

Tricholoma lascivum ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored Agaricales, gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungus, ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbi ...

'' – aromatic knight *''

'' – pine mushroom, American matsutake *''

Tricholoma matsutake , ''Tricholoma matsutake'', is a species of choice edible mycorrhizal mushroom that grows in Eurasia and North America. It is prized in Japanese cuisine for its distinct odor. Etymology The common name and specific epithet, ''matsutake'', i ...

'' – spicy knight, matsutake *''

Tricholoma mesoamericanum ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various spec ...

'' – Mexican matsutake, hongo blanco de ocote *''

Tricholoma murrillianum ''Tricholoma murrillianum'' is a species of mushroom-forming fungus found in North America also known as the ponderosa mushroom, pine mushroom, and Western matsutake. It produces a choice edible mushroom but can be confused with the poisonous '' ...

'' – Western matsutake *'' Tricholoma mutabile'' *''

Tricholoma myomyces ''Tricholoma myomyces'' is a mushroom of the agaric genus ''Tricholoma'', usually considered to be a synonym of '' Tricholoma terreum''. The species was first described scientifically by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794 as ''Agaricus myomyces'' ...

'' *''

Tricholoma nigrum ''Tricholoma nigrum'' is a mushroom of the agaric genus ''Tricholoma''. It was species description, described as new to science in 1996 from a collection made on the Oregon Coast where it occurred with ''Pinus contorta''. It has also been found i ...

'' *'' Tricholoma orirubens'' *''

Tricholoma pardinum ''Tricholoma pardinum'', commonly known as spotted tricholoma, tiger tricholoma, tigertop, leopard knight, or dirty trich, is a species of gilled mushroom. First officially described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, it has had a confus ...

'' *'' Tricholoma pessundatum'' – tacked knight *'' Tricholoma populinum'' – poplar knight *'' Tricholoma portentosum'' – coalman *'' Tricholoma psammopus'' – larch knight *'' Tricholoma resplendens'' *'' Tricholoma robustum'' – robust knight *'' Tricholoma roseoacerbum'' *'' Tricholoma saponaceum'' – soapy knight, soap-scented toadstool *'' Tricholoma scalpturatum'' – yellowing knight *''

Tricholoma sciodes ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various spec ...

'' – beech knight *'' Tricholoma sejunctum'' – deceiving knight *'' Tricholoma squarrulosum'' *'' Tricholoma stans'' – upright knight *'' Tricholoma stiparophyllum'' - chemical knight *'' Tricholoma sulphurescens'' - yellow staining knight *'' Tricholoma sulphureum'' – sulphur knight, sulphur ''Tricholoma'', gas agaric *''

Tricholoma terreum ''Tricholoma terreum'', commonly known as the grey knight or dirty tricholoma, is a grey-capped mushroom of the large genus ''Tricholoma''. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe and North America, and has also been encountered under intr ...

'' (= ''T. myomyces'') – grey knight *'' Tricholoma tigrinum'' *'' Tricholoma ustale'' – burnt knight *'' Tricholoma ustaloides'' – charred knight *''

Tricholoma vaccinum ''Tricholoma vaccinum'', commonly known as the russet scaly tricholoma, the scaly knight, or the fuzztop, is a fungus of the agaric genus ''Tricholoma''. It produces medium-sized basidiocarp, fruit bodies (mushrooms) that have a distinctive hai ...

'' – scaly knight, scaly ''Tricholoma'' *'' Tricholoma venenatum'' *''

Tricholoma virgatum ''Tricholoma virgatum'', commonly known as the ashen knight, is a mushroom of the agaric genus ''Tricholoma''. Taxonomy It was first described scientifically as ''Agaricus virgatus'' by Elias Fries in 1818, and later transferred to the genus ...

'' – ashen knight, streaked ''Tricholoma'' *'' Tricholoma zangii''

References

Footnotes Citations

External links

Mushroom Expert – The Genus TricholomaMYCOLOGY/bionet.mycology Archives
{{Authority control Agaricales genera

Species list

See also

References

Further reading

External links