Many lists of trees of

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...

and

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

have been written. There are a number of issues surrounding the inclusion of a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in such a list. As can be seen from the outline of debate below, there is no 'correct' list of trees of Britain and Ireland. Rowan tree 20081002b

Issues of debate

Definition of species

There are a number of different opinions regarding the validity of some species, notably apomictic microspecies and whether some 'species' may actually be

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...

s. In particular, the number and definition of species in the genera ''Sorbus'' (

rowan The rowans ( or ) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus ''Sorbus'' of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the Himalaya ...

whitebeam The whitebeams are members of the family Rosaceae, tribe Malinae, comprising a number of deciduous simple or lobe-leaved species formerly lumped together within ''Sorbus'' s.l. Many whitebeams are the result of extensive intergeneric hybridisa ...

s etc.), ''Ulmus'' (

elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ...

s) and ''Salix'' (

willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, of the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 350 species (plus numerous hybrids) of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions. Most species are known ...

s) are open to debate.

Definition of native

Native species are considered to be species which are today present in the region in question, and have been continuously present in that region since a certain period of time. When applied to

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

and

, three possible definitions of this time constraint are: * a species that colonised these islands during the retreat of ice at the end of the last ice age * a species that was present in these islands when the

English Channel The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busi ...

was created and the

land bridge In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands. A land bridge can be created by marine regression, in which sea le ...

between Britain and continental

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

was flooded * a species that has colonised without human assistance; in some cases this is uncertain. The only

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

tree species in Britain and Ireland (that is, that are native ''only'' to this region) are some apomictic whitebeams. Species that were native in the region in

prehistory Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use ...

before the last ice age, but not subsequently, are generally regarded as extinct and no longer native. Many additional species have been imported by humans; the total list of all introduced trees numbers several thousand. A far smaller number of these have become widely

naturalised Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth. The definition of naturalization by the International Organization for Migration of the ...

, spreading by their own accord without recourse to further human assistance.

Definition of tree

A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant with secondary branches supported by a primary stem (compare with shrub). There is no set definition regarding minimum size, though most authors cite a tree species as being one which regularly reaches 6 m (20 ft) tall with a single stem. Species like

Blackthorn ''Prunus spinosa'', called blackthorn or sloe, is an Old World species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is locally naturalized in parts of the New World. The fruits are used to make sloe gin in Britain and patxaran in Basq ...

(''Prunus spinosa'') and Purple willow (''Salix purpurea''), which may reach 6 m but not on a single stem, are not treated as trees.

List of species

Native trees

Listing order follows taxonomic order per Mitchell 1974. *

Yew Yew is a common name given to various species of trees. It is most prominently given to any of various coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus '' Taxus'': * European yew or common yew (''Taxus baccata'') * Pacific yew or western yew ('' Taxus ...

s ** European Yew (''Taxus baccata'') *

Juniper Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Juniperus'' ( ) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south ...

s ** Common Juniper (''Juniperus communis''; usually a shrub, but occasionally develops tree form) *

Pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as cu ...

s **

Scots Pine ''Pinus sylvestris'', the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-gr ...

(''Pinus sylvestris'') * Poplars **

Aspen Aspen is a common name for certain tree species in the Populus sect. Populus, of the ''Populus'' (poplar) genus. Species These species are called aspens: * ''Populus adenopoda'' – Chinese aspen (China, south of ''P. tremula'') * ''Populus da ...

(''Populus tremula'') **

Black Poplar ''Populus nigra'', the black poplar, is a species of cottonwood poplar, the type species of section ''Aigeiros'' of the genus ''Populus'', native to Europe, southwest and central Asia, and northwest Africa.Flora Europaea''Populus nigra''/ref> ...

(''Populus nigra''; southern Great Britain only) *

Willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, of the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 350 species (plus numerous hybrids) of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions. Most species are known ...

s (''Salix'' spp.; several species, but mostly shrubs rather than trees) ** Bay Willow (''Salix pentandra'') **

Grey Willow Grey willow or gray willow may refer to: *''Salix atrocinerea'', a species of willow native to Europe commonly called grey willow *''Salix cinerea'', a species of willow native to Europe and western Asia, also occasionally called grey sallow *''Sal ...

(''Salix cinerea''; usually a shrub, but occasionally develops tree form) **

Goat Willow ''Salix caprea'', known as goat willow, pussy willow or great sallow, is a common species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.Meikle, R. D. (1984). ''Willows and Poplars of Great Britain and Ireland''. BSBI Handbook 4. . De ...

(''Salix caprea'') *

Birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 3 ...

es **

Silver Birch ''Betula pendula'', commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch, or East Asian white birch, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found ...

(''Betula pendula'') **

Downy Birch ''Betula pubescens'' (syn. ''Betula alba''), commonly known as downy birch and also as moor birch, white birch, European white birch or hairy birch, is a species of deciduous tree, native and abundant throughout northern Europe and northern Asia ...

(''Betula pubescens'') *

Alder Alders are trees of the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species ex ...

s **

(''Alnus glutinosa'') *

Hornbeam Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus ''Carpinus'' in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperateness, temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names The common English name ''hornbeam'' derives ...

s **

European Hornbeam European, or Europeans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other West ...

(''Carpinus betulus''; southern Great Britain only) *

Hazel Hazels are plants of the genus ''Corylus'' of deciduous trees and large shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The genus is usually placed in the birch family, Betulaceae,Germplasmgobills Information Network''Corylus''Rushforth, K ...

s **

Common Hazel ''Corylus avellana'', the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia. Th ...

(''Corylus avellana''; usually a shrub, but occasionally develops tree form) *

Beech Beech (genus ''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to subtropical (accessory forest element) and temperate (as dominant element of Mesophyte, mesophytic forests) Eurasia and North America. There are 14 accepted ...

es **

European Beech ''Fagus sylvatica'', the European beech or common beech, is a large, graceful deciduous tree in the beech family with smooth silvery-gray bark, large leaf area, and a short trunk with low branches. Description ''Fagus sylvatica'' is a large ...

(''Fagus sylvatica''; native status disputed; did not reach Britain until over 2,000 years after the Channel formed, with Neolithic introduction likely, for its nuts as a food source) *

Oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

s **

Pedunculate Oak ''Quercus robur'', the pedunculate oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soi ...

(''Quercus robur'') **

Sessile Oak ''Quercus petraea'', commonly known as the sessile oak, Welsh oak, Cornish oak, Irish oak or durmast oak, is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran. The sessile oak is the national tree of Ireland, and an unof ...

(''Quercus petraea'') ** Hybrid Oak (''Quercus × rosacea'') - widespread as a natural hybrid between ''Q. robur'' and ''Q. petraea''. *

Elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ...

s **

Wych Elm ''Ulmus glabra'', the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese and Sicily, where the species reac ...

(''Ulmus glabra'') ** Field Elm (''Ulmus minor''; variable aggregate with many cultivars often formerly treated as species) * Hawthorns **

Common Hawthorn ''Crataegus monogyna'', known as common hawthorn, whitethorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It grows to about tall, producing hermaphrodite flowers in late spring. Th ...

(''Crataegus monogyna'') ** Midland Hawthorn (''Crataegus laevigata''; southern Great Britain only) ** Crataegus × media - occurs as an occasional natural hybrid where ''C. monogyna'' and ''C. laevigata'' grow together. *

Rowan The rowans ( or ) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus ''Sorbus'' of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the Himalaya ...

s and

Whitebeam The whitebeams are members of the family Rosaceae, tribe Malinae, comprising a number of deciduous simple or lobe-leaved species formerly lumped together within ''Sorbus'' s.l. Many whitebeams are the result of extensive intergeneric hybridisa ...

s **

European Rowan ''Sorbus aucuparia'', commonly called rowan (, also ) and mountain-ash, is a species of deciduous tree or shrub in the rose family. The tree has a slender trunk with smooth bark, a loose and roundish crown, and its leaves are pinnate in pairs o ...

(''Sorbus aucuparia'') ** Common Whitebeam (''Aria edulis'', syn. ''Sorbus aria'') and several related apomictic microspecies **

Service Tree Service tree can refer to: * ''Sorbus domestica'', service tree or sorb tree * ''Sorbus latifolia'', service tree of Fontainebleau * ''Sorbus pseudofennica'', Arran service tree * ''Torminalis glaberrima'', wild service tree See also

* Service ...

(''Cormus domestica'', syn. ''Sorbus domestica''; discovered growing wild on a cliff in south Wales in the 1990s) ** Wild Service Tree (''Torminalis glaberrima'', syn. ''Sorbus torminalis'') *

Apple An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus'' spp.). Fruit trees of the orchard or domestic apple (''Malus domestica''), the most widely grown in the genus, are agriculture, cultivated worldwide. The tree originated ...

s **

Crab Apple ''Malus'' ( or ) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples. The genus i ...

(''Malus sylvestris'') *

Cherries A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus ''Prunus'', and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet ''Prunus avium'' and the sour ''Prunus cerasus''. The name ...

and

Plum A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus, ''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus'.'' Dried plums are often called prunes, though in the United States they may be labeled as 'dried plums', especially during the 21st century. Plums are ...

s ** Wild Cherry (''Prunus avium'') ** Bird Cherry (''Prunus padus'') *

Box A box (plural: boxes) is a container with rigid sides used for the storage or transportation of its contents. Most boxes have flat, parallel, rectangular sides (typically rectangular prisms). Boxes can be very small (like a matchbox) or v ...

(''Buxus sempervirens'') * Hollies **

European Holly ''Ilex aquifolium'', the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family (botany), family Aquifoliaceae, native plant, native to western and southern Europe, nort ...

(''Ilex aquifolium'') *

Maple ''Acer'' is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated si ...

s ** Field Maple (''Acer campestre''; southern Great Britain only) *

Limes Limes may refer to: * ''Limes'' (Roman Empire), a border marker and defense system of the Roman Empire * ''Limes'' (Italian magazine), an Italian geopolitical magazine * ''Limes'' (Romanian magazine), a Romanian literary and political quarterly ma ...

** Small-leaved Lime (''Tilia cordata''; southern Great Britain only) ** Large-leaved Lime (''Tilia platyphyllos''; southwestern Great Britain only) * Strawberry-trees ** Strawberry-tree (''Arbutus unedo''; Ireland only; recent genetic studies suggest that it is not native, but an early

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

introduction.) * Ashes ** Common Ash (''Fraxinus excelsior'')

Native large shrubs

These larger

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s occasionally reach tree height, but not on a single stem so do not qualify as trees: :* Eared Willow (''Salix aurita'') :* Purple Willow (''Salix purpurea'') :* Rock Whitebeam (''Sorbus rupicola'') :*

(''Prunus spinosa'') :*

Alder Buckthorn ''Frangula alnus'', commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. Unlike other "buckthorns", alder buckthorn does not have thorns. It is native to Europe, northern ...

(''Frangula alnus'') :* Purging Buckthorn (''Rhamnus cathartica'') :*

Dogwood ''Cornus'' is a genus of about 30–60 species of woody plants in the family Cornaceae, commonly known as dogwoods or cornels, which can generally be distinguished by their blossoms, berries, and distinctive bark. Most are deciduous ...

(''Cornus sanguinea'') :* Common Privet (''Ligustrum vulgare'') :* Elder (''Sambucus nigra'') :* Sea-buckthorn (''Hippophae rhamnoides'') :* Spindle (''Euonymus europaeus'') :* Guelder Rose (''Viburnum opulus'') :* Wayfaring tree (''Viburnum lantana'')

Endemic species

An endemic species is a plant only native to a certain area. Outside this area, unless spread naturally it is considered non-native, usually as a result of cultivation. Britain and Ireland have few endemic trees, most being micro-species of

. But there are some interesting endemic trees nevertheless. *

Apomictic In botany, apomixis is asexual reproduction, asexual development of seed or embryo without Fertilisation, fertilization. However, other definitions include replacement of the seed by a plantlet or replacement of the flower by bulbils. Apomictic ...

Whitebeams endemic to the British Isles: **'' Sorbus arranensis'' –

Isle of Arran The Isle of Arran (; ) or simply Arran is an island off the west coast of Scotland. It is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde and the seventh-largest Scottish island, at . Counties of Scotland, Historically part of Buteshire, it is in the ...

only. ** Arran Service Tree –

only. **'' Sorbus pseudomeinichii'' -

only. ** Lancashire Whitebeam - North

Lancashire Lancashire ( , ; abbreviated ''Lancs'') is a ceremonial county in North West England. It is bordered by Cumbria to the north, North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire to the east, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south, and the Irish Sea to ...

& South

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancash ...

, around

Morecambe Bay Morecambe Bay is an estuary in north-west England, just to the south of the Lake District National Park. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of . In 1974, the second largest ga ...

only. ** English Whitebeam -

and

only. ** Bristol Whitebeam -

Avon Gorge The Avon Gorge () is a 1.5-mile (2.5-kilometre) long Canyon, gorge on the River Avon (Bristol), River Avon in Bristol, England. The gorge runs south to north through a limestone ridge west of Bristol city centre, and about 3 miles (5&nbs ...

only. ** Devon Whitebeam –

Devon Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...

Somerset Somerset ( , ), Archaism, archaically Somersetshire ( , , ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel, Gloucestershire, and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east ...

Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...

and

only. ** Ley's Whitebeam –

Brecon Beacons The Brecon Beacons (; ) are a mountain range in Wales. The range includes South Wales's highest mountain, Pen y Fan (), its twin summit Corn Du (), and Craig Gwaun Taf (), which are the three highest peaks in the range. The Brecon Beacons ha ...

only. ** Lesser Whitebeam –

only. **'' Sorbus leptophylla'' – endemic to UK ** ''Sorbus arvonensis'' - endemic to the Menai Strait region of North Wales. **'' Sorbus wilmottiana'' – endemic to UK ** Bloody Whitebeam –

Exmoor Exmoor () is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England. It is named after the River Exe, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of Simons ...

only. ** Somerset Whitebeam – coastal

North Devon North Devon is a Non-metropolitan district, local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based just outside Barnstaple, the district's largest town. The district also includes the towns of Ilfracombe, Lynton and Lynmouth and Sout ...

and Western

only. ** Cheddar Whitebeam –

Cheddar Gorge Cheddar Gorge is a limestone gorge in the Mendip Hills, near the village of Cheddar, Somerset, England. The gorge is the site of the Cheddar show caves, where Britain's oldest complete human skeleton, Cheddar Man, estimated to be 9,000 years ...

only. ** Watersmeet Whitebeam –

only. ** Llangollen Whitebeam –

Llangollen Llangollen () is a town and community (Wales), community, situated on the River Dee, Wales, River Dee, in Denbighshire, Wales. Its riverside location forms the edge of the Berwyn range, and the Dee Valley section of the Clwydian Range and Dee Val ...

only. ** Irish Whitebeam –

only. ** Leigh Woods Whitebeam,

Leigh Woods Leigh Woods is a area of woodland on the south-west side of the Avon Gorge, close to the Clifton Suspension Bridge, within North Somerset opposite the English city of Bristol and north of the Ashton Court estate, of which it formed a part. St ...

only.

Naturalised trees

(Incomplete list) * ''From

'' **

Silver Fir Silver fir is a common name for several trees and may refer to: *''Abies alba'', native to Europe *''Abies amabilis'', native to western North America *''Abies pindrow ''Abies pindrow'', the pindrow fir, West Himalayan fir, or silver fir, is ...

(''Abies alba'') ** Caucasian Fir (''Abies nordmanniana''; rarely) ** European Larch (''Larix decidua'') **

Norway Spruce ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very clo ...

(''Picea abies''; rarely) ** Caucasian Spruce (''Picea orientalis''; rarely) ** Serbian Spruce (''Picea omorika''; rarely) **

Macedonian Pine ''Pinus peuce'' (Macedonian pine or Balkan pine) (Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian: молика, molika; Bulgarian: бяла мура, byala mura) is a species of pine native to the mountains of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Montenegro, Kos ...

(''Pinus peuce''; rarely) **

European Black Pine ''Pinus nigra'', the Austrian pine or black pine, is a moderately variable species of pine, occurring across Southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula and Lower Austria to the eastern Mediterranean, on the Anatolian peninsula of Turkey, Corsica ...

(''Pinus nigra''; rarely) **

Maritime Pine ''Pinus pinaster'', the maritime pine or cluster pine, is a pine native to the south Atlantic Europe region and parts of the western Mediterranean. It is a hard, fast growing pine bearing small seeds with large wings. Description ''Pinus pinast ...

(''Pinus pinaster''; in southern England) **

White Poplar White poplar is a common name used to refer to several trees in the genus ''Populus ''Populus'' is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names vari ...

(''Populus alba''; vegetative oot suckersonly) ** Grey Poplar (''Populus × canescens''; by hybridisation between native Aspen and naturalised White Poplar) **

Crack Willow Crack frequently refers to: * Crack, a fracture in a body * Crack, a fracture (geology) in a rock * Crack, short for crack cocaine Crack(s) or The Crack may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''The Crack'', first album by The Ruts ...

(''Salix fragilis''; formerly considered native but now known to be an archaeophyte) ** White Willow (''Salix alba''; formerly considered native but now known to be an archaeophyte) **

Grey Alder ''Alnus incana'', the grey alder, tag alder or speckled alder, is a species of multi-stemmed, shrubby tree in the birch family, with a wide range across the cooler parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Tolerant of wetter soils, it can slowly spread w ...

(''Alnus incana'') ** Italian Alder (''Alnus cordata'') **

Sweet Chestnut The sweet chestnut (''Castanea sativa''), also known as the Spanish chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A ...

(''Castanea sativa''; a Roman introduction) ** Holm Oak (''Quercus ilex'') ** Turkey Oak (''Quercus cerris'') **

English Elm The field elm (''Ulmus minor'') cultivar 'Atinia' , commonly known as the English elm, formerly common elm and horse may, Republished 1978 by EP Publishing, Wakefield. and more lately the Atinian elm, was, before the spread of Dutch elm dis ...

(''Ulmus minor'' 'Atinia'; a Roman introduction, vegetative oot suckersonly) **

Swedish Whitebeam ''Scandosorbus intermedia'' or, formerly, ''Sorbus intermedia'', the Swedish whitebeam, is a species of whitebeam found in southern Sweden, with scattered occurrences in Estonia, Latvia, easternmost Denmark (Bornholm), the far southwest of Finla ...

(''Sorbus intermedia'') ** Vosges Whitebeam (''Sorbus mougeotii'') **

European Pear ''Pyrus communis'', the common pear, is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe, and western Asia. It is one of the most important fruits of temperate regions, being the species from which most orchard pear cultivars grown in Eur ...

(''Pyrus communis''; sometimes regarded as native) ** Plymouth Pear (''Pyrus cordata''; sometimes regarded as nativeFlora for Fauna checklist''
/ref>) ** Cherry Plum (''Prunus cerasifera'') ** Cherry-laurel (''Prunus laurocerasus'') ** Alpine Laburnum (''Laburnum alpinum'') ** Common Laburnum (''Laburnum anagyroides'') **

Sycamore Sycamore is a name which has been applied to several types of trees, but with somewhat similar leaf forms. The name derives from the Ancient Greek () meaning . Species of otherwise unrelated trees known as sycamore: * ''Acer pseudoplatanus'', a ...

(''Acer pseudoplatanus'') **

Norway Maple ''Acer platanoides'', commonly known as the Norway maple, is a species of maple native to eastern and central Europe and western Asia, from Spain east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran. It was introduced to ...

(''Acer platanoides'') ** Common Horse-chestnut (''Aesculus hippocastanum'') * ''From Africa'' ** Atlas Cedar (''Cedrus atlantica''; rarely) * ''From Asia'' ** Japanese Larch (''Larix kaempferi'') **

Blue Pine ''Pinus wallichiana'' is a pinophyta, coniferous evergreen tree native to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains, from eastern Afghanistan east across northern Pakistan and north west India to Yunnan in southwest China. It grows in mou ...

(''Pinus wallichiana''; rarely) ** Tree Cotoneaster (''Cotoneaster frigidus'') ** Several East Asian rowans (''Sorbus'' spp.) * ''From North America'' **

Coast Redwood ''Sequoia sempervirens'' ()''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995: 606–607 is the sole living species of the genus '' Sequoia'' in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). Common names include coast redwood, coast ...

(''Sequoia sempervirens''; rarely) ** Western Redcedar (''Thuja plicata'') **

Lawson's Cypress ''Chamaecyparis lawsoniana'', known as Port Orford cedar or Lawson's cypress, is a species of conifer in the genus '' Chamaecyparis'', family Cupressaceae. It is native to Oregon and northwestern California, and grows from sea level up to in t ...

(''Chamaecyparis lawsoniana'') **

Monterey Cypress ''Hesperocyparis macrocarpa'' also known as ''Cupressus macrocarpa'', or the Monterey cypress is a coniferous tree, and is one of several species of cypress trees native to California. The Monterey cypress is found naturally only on the Centr ...

(''Cupressus macrocarpa''; in Ireland and Cornwall, rarely further northeast) **

Western Hemlock ''Tsuga heterophylla'', the western hemlock or western hemlock-spruce, is a species of hemlock native to the northwest coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and its southeastern limit in northern ...

(''Tsuga heterophylla'') ** Grand Fir (''Abies grandis'') **

Noble Fir ''Abies procera'', the noble fir, also called red fir, is a species of fir native to the Cascade Range and Pacific Coast Ranges of the northwestern Pacific Coast of the United States. It occurs at altitudes of . Description ''A. procera'' is a ...

(''Abies procera'') **

Douglas-fir The Douglas fir (''Pseudotsuga menziesii'') is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is the tallest tree in the Pinaceae family. It is native to western North America and is also known as Douglas-fir, Douglas spruce, Or ...

(''Pseudotsuga menziesii'') **

Sitka Spruce ''Picea sitchensis'', the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to just over tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth- ...

(''Picea sitchensis'') **

Black Spruce ''Picea mariana'', the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is tha ...

(''Picea mariana''; rarely) **

Lodgepole Pine ''Pinus contorta'', with the common names lodgepole pine and shore pine, and also known as twisted pine, and contorta pine, is a common tree in western North America. It is common near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpin ...

(''Pinus contorta'') **

Monterey Pine ''Pinus radiata'' (synonym (taxonomy), syn. ''Pinus insignis''), the Monterey pine, insignis pine or radiata pine, is a species of pine native to the Central Coast (California), Central Coast of California and Mexico (on Guadalupe Island and Ced ...

(''Pinus radiata''; in Ireland and Cornwall, rarely further northeast) **

Red Oak ''Quercus'' subgenus ''Quercus'' is one of the two subgenera into which the genus ''Quercus'' was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus ''Cerris''). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be calle ...

(''Quercus rubra''; rarely) **

Black Cherry ''Prunus serotina'', commonly called black cherry,World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition'. CRC Press; 19 April 2016. . p. 833–. wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous tree or shrub in the r ...

(''Prunus serotina''; rarely) * ''From South America'' ** Willow Podocarp (''Podocarpus salignus''; in Ireland and Cornwall) ** Monkey-puzzle (''Araucaria araucana''; rarely) ** Rauli (''Nothofagus alpina''; rarely) ** Roble Beech (''Nothofagus obliqua''; rarely) ** Chilean Myrtle (''Luma apiculata''; in Ireland and Cornwall) * ''From Australasia'' ** Cider Gum (''Eucalyptus gunnii''; rarely) ** Blue Gum (''Eucalyptus globulus''; in Ireland and Cornwall) ** Cabbage-tree (''Cordyline australis'') * ''Intercontinental hybrids'' ** Dunkeld Larch (''Larix × marschlinsii'') **

London Plane The London plane, or sometimes hybrid plane, ''Platanus'' × ''hispanica'', is a tree in the genus ''Platanus''. It is often known by the Synonym (taxonomy), synonym ''Platanus'' × ''acerifolia'', a later name. It is a Hybrid (biology ...

(''Platanus × hispanica'', rarely)

Naturalised large shrubs

(Very incomplete list) * ''From

'' ** Osier (''Salix viminalis'') ** Almond-leaved Willow (''Salix triandra'') * ''From Asia'' ** Multiple species of

Cotoneaster ''Cotoneaster'' is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region (temperate Asia, Europe, north Africa), with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China a ...

(''Cotoneaster'' spp.) * ''From South America'' ** Hardy Fuchsia (''Fuchsia magellanica''; abundantly in Ireland and Cornwall, rarely further northeast)

Record British trees

The tallest tree in Great Britain (and second-tallest tree in Europe) is a 103-year old Douglas-fir in North Wales, 71 metres tall

References

External links

The Woodland Trust
( UK conservation

charity Charity may refer to: Common meanings * Charitable organization or charity, a non-profit organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being of persons * Charity (practice), the practice of being benevolent, giving and sha ...

promoting woodland restoration and expansion.)
Forestry Commission
(UK government department responsible for protection and expansion of Britain's forests and woodlands.) *Elwes, Henry John, and Henry, Augustine, 1906 ''The trees of Great Britain & Ireland'
BHL
Monograph.Includes rare introduced trees.Seven volumes and seven volumes of excellent black and white plates.

Heritage trees {{Refend Flora of Ireland Flora of Great Britain

Trees of Britain and Ireland Many lists of trees of Great Britain and Ireland have been written. There are a number of issues surrounding the inclusion of a species in such a list. As can be seen from the outline of debate below, there is no 'correct' list of trees of Britain ...

Britain and Ireland