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Crataegus
''Crataegus'' (), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, Voss, E. G. 1985. ''Michigan Flora: A guide to the identification and occurrence of the native and naturalized seed-plants of the state. Part II: Dicots (Saururaceae–Cornaceae)''. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan. May-tree,Graves, Robert. ''The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth'', 1948, amended and enlarged 1966, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn ''C. monogyna'', and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Douglasii
''Crataegus douglasii'' is a North American species of hawthorn known by the common names black hawthorn and Douglas' thornapple. It is most abundant in the Pacific Northwest. Description ''Crataegus douglasii'' is a compact erect bushy shrub growing to tall with a trunk of up to thick. It is covered in fan-shaped green leaves about long with teeth along the distal margin. Thorns along the branches are 1–2.5 cm long. White flowers with greenish centers grow in bunches at the ends of each thin branch. The fruit is a blackish pome up to about 1 cm across, containing 3–5 rocklike seeds. Taxonomy The species is named after David Douglas, who collected seed from the plant during his botanical explorations. Formerly placed within the species, ''Crataegus douglasii'' var. ''duchesnensis'' is now considered to be a synonym of '' Crataegus saligna''. Distribution and habitat The thorny shrub is native to northern and western North America, where it grows in varied h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Hawthorn
''Crataegus monogyna'', known as common hawthorn, whitethorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It grows to about tall, producing hermaphrodite flowers in late spring. The berry-like pomes (known as haws) contain a stone-encased seed. The plant is native to Europe, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. The pome flesh is of little culinary interest due to its dryness, but is used to make jellies. The young leaves and petals are also edible. Description The common hawthorn is a shrub or small tree up to about tall, with a dense crown. The bark is dull brown with vertical orange cracks. The younger stems bear sharp thorns, about long. The leaves are long, obovate, and deeply lobed, sometimes almost to the midrib, with the lobes spreading at a wide angle. The upper surface is dark green above and paler underneath. The hermaphrodite flowers are produced in late spring (May to early Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Rhipidophylla
''Crataegus rhipidophylla'' is a species of hawthorn which occurs naturally from southern Scandinavia and the Baltic region to France, the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Caucasia, and Ukraine. It is poorly known as a landscape and garden plant, but seems to have potential for those uses. Compared to ''Crataegus monogyna'', ''C. rhipidophylla'' has larger flowers, larger and more colourful fruits, and more decorative foliage. It has a more or less dome-shaped crown, and it is more tolerant of shade than ''C. monogyna''. Description ''Crataegus rhipidophylla'' is a shrub or tree which can grow to tall. Its stout thorns can be up to long. Leaf blades are dark green, with 2–4 pairs of acute or subacuminate lobes. A helpful characteristic trait for identification is the finely serrated lobe margin. This can help distinguish ''C. rhipidophylla'' from ''C. monogyna'' which has irregularly serrated lobe margins, with more or less coarse teeth. The basal lobes of flowering shoots leaf b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Coccinea
''Crataegus coccinea'', the scarlet hawthorn, is a species of Crataegus, hawthorn around which there is considerable confusion because the name has been misapplied for a long time. It has been shown to be the same as ''C. pedicellata'', and under the rules of botanical nomenclature, the older name (''C. coccinea'') should be used. Taxonomic history In 1901, Charles Sprague Sargent chose a lectotype for ''Crataegus coccinea'' from among Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus's specimens, but chose a specimen that resembles ''C. dodgei'' Ashe. Sargent's lectotype opinion was followed by other authors until he realized his error and corrected it in 1909. The name ''C. coccinea'' has also been misapplied to specimens of ''Crataegus intricata, C. intricata'' Lange. For almost 100 years, particularly since 1910, this species was generally called ''Crataegus pedicellata'' Sarg. except by a few authors. Linnaeus's original description was inadequate to make a decision between various unrelated species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Punctata
''Crataegus punctata'' is a species of hawthorn known by the common names dotted hawthorn or white haw that is native to most of the eastern United States and eastern Canada. While some sources claim it is the state flower of Missouri, the actual legislation does not identify an exact species. Furthermore, the Missouri Department of Conservation asserts the '' Crataegus mollis'' was specifically designated as the state flower. Description Although many North American hawthorns are polyploid and reproduce by apomixis, this species is apparently diploid and sexual, at least throughout Ontario, Canada. The name white haw refers to its distinctive pale (grey) bark, which is particularly noticeable in the winter landscape. The plant is a bush or small tree to about 7 meters in height and very thorny, particularly on the trunk. The flower has three to five styles and approximately 20 stamens, and the fruit is a pome-type polypyrenous drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crataegus Ambigua
''Crataegus ambigua'' is a species of thorn ( hawthorn) native to Western Asia and Eastern Europe, including Armenia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. It grows as a shrub or tree up to about 12 m in height. The fruit is dark red to purple or black, with one or two stones (pyrenes).Christensen, K.I. (1992). Revision of ''Crataegus'' sect. ''Crataegus'' and nothosect. ''Crataeguineae'' (Rosaceae-Maloideae) in the Old World. ''Systematic Botany Monographs''. 35: 1–199. ''Crataegus ambigua'' is closely related to ''Crataegus songarica ''Crataegus songarica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family ''Rosaceae''. It is an Asian hawthorn with black fruit that is sometimes used medicinally. It is closely related to '' Crataegus ambigua'', a species that has red fruit. Dis ...'', a species that has black fruit. References ambigua Flora of Western Asia Flora of Eastern Europe {{crataegus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus '' Rosa''. The family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are deciduous, but some are evergreen. They have a worldwide range but are most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere. Many economically important products come from the Rosaceae, including various edible fruits, such as apples, pears, quinces, apricots, plums, cherries, peaches, raspberries, blackberries, loquats, strawberries, rose hips, hawthorns, and almonds. The family also includes popular ornamental trees and shrubs, such as roses, meadowsweets, rowans, firethorns, and photinias. Among the most species-rich genera in the family are '' Alchemilla'' (270), '' Sorbus'' (260), ''Crataegus'' (260), '' Cotoneaster'' (260), '' Rubus'' (250), and ''Prunus'' (200), which contains the plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, and almonds. However, all of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorn (botany)
In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called ''spinose teeth'' or ''spinose apical processes''), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory. Description In common language, the terms are used more or less interchangeably, but in botanical terms, thorns are derived from shoots (so that they may or may not be branched, they may or may not have leaves, and they may or may not arise from a bud),Simpson, M. G. 2010. "Plant Morphology". In: ''Plant Systematics, 2nd. edition''. Elsevier Academic Press. Chapter 9.Judd, Campbell, Kellogg, Stevens, Donoghue. 2007. "Structural and Biochemical Characters". In: ''Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach, third edition''. Chapter 4. spines are derived from leaves (either the entire leaf or some part of the leaf that has vascular bundles inside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrena
A pyrena () or pyrene, commonly called a pit or stone, is the fruitstone within a drupe or drupelet produced by the ossification of the endocarp or lining of the fruit. It consists of a hard endocarp tissue surrounding one or more seeds (also called the "kernel"). The hardened endocarp which constitutes the pyrene provides a protective physical barrier around the seed, shielding it from pathogens and herbivory. While many drupes are monopyrenous, containing only one pyrene, pome-type fruit with a hard, stony (rather than leathery) endocarp are typically polypyrenous drupes, containing multiple pyrenes. Development The hardening of the endocarp of a developing drupe occurs via secondary cell wall formation and lignification. The biopolymer lignin, also found in wood, provides a structure within secondary cell walls which supports the polymerisation of cellulose and hemicellulose; together these polymers provide the endocarp with tensile strength and stiffness. Further harden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apomixis
In botany, apomixis is asexual development of seed or embryo without fertilization. However, other definitions include replacement of the seed by a plantlet or replacement of the flower by bulbils. Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant, except in nonrecurrent apomixis. Its etymology is Greek for "away from" + "mixing". Normal asexual reproduction of plants, such as propagation from cuttings or leaves, has never been considered to be apomixis. In contrast to parthenocarpy, which involves seedless fruit formation without fertilization, apomictic fruits have viable seeds containing a proper embryo, with asexual origin. In flowering plants, the term "apomixis" is used in a restricted sense to mean agamospermy, i.e. clonal reproduction through seeds. Although agamospermy could theoretically occur in gymnosperms, it appears to be absent in that group. Apogamy is a related term that has had various meanings over time. In plants with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhaphiolepis
''Rhaphiolepis'' ( or ) is a genus of about fifteen species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Rosaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical East Asia and Southeast Asia, from southern Japan, southern Korea and southern China, south to Thailand and Vietnam. In searching literature it is well to remember that the name commonly is misspelt "Raphiolepsis". The genus is closely related to '' Eriobotrya'' (loquats), so closely in fact, that members of the two genera have hybridised with each other; for example '' × Rhaphiobotrya'', the "Coppertone loquat", is a hybrid of '' Eriobotrya deflexa'' X ''Rhaphiolepis indica''. The common name hawthorn, originally specifically applied to the related genus ''Crataegus'', now also appears in the common names for some ''Rhaphiolepis'' species. For example, ''Rhaphiolepis indica'' often is called "Indian hawthorn", and ''Rhaphiolepis umbellata'', "Yeddo hawthorn". Description The species vary in size, some only reaching , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
