Overview
The engine was developed as an engine that is claimed to achieve both driving performance and environmental performance while pursuing high efficiency and low fuel consumption as well as having a "direct feeling, smooth and pleasant acceleration performance". Specifically, the cylinder head and intake port design improves the tumble flow (longitudinal vortex) to increase the air intake volume–the majority of intake flow is across that portion of the valve closest to cylinder centreline. Other methods include: * Expansion of the valve clamping angle. The angle between intake and exhaust valve centreline is 41 degrees–the previous design was 31 degrees. * Hydraulic variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts. * Very high compression-moderated Atkinson cycle engine. * Longer stroke to bore ratio (under-square design). * Change of port end shape and expansion of seat inner diameter. * Application of updated D-4S (multi-hole injector) system to achieve "high-speed combustion", resulting in thermal efficiency over 40%. * Cylinder centreline is offset from crankshaft centreline, meaning that piston top dead center is always equivalent to several degrees of crankshaft rotation. In development and production of the engine, Toyota claims it would be a "completely new engine design based on the TNGA strategy". Previously, Toyota offered about 800 engine variants, most of which would be replaced with a much simpler lineup of 17 versions of nine Dynamic Force engines. Toyota is also simplifying its lineup of transmissions, hybrid systems, and all-wheel drive systems. Starting with the four-cylinder ''A25A'' type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017, the V6 ''V35A'' and four-cylinder ''M20A'' types had also appeared. On 16 October 2019, the three-cylinder ''M15A'' type, which would be installed in the XP210 series Yaris (specifically designed for Japan, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand), was officially announced. On 12 June 2021, the first turbocharged four-cylinder model, named ''T24A'', was introduced for the AZ20 series Lexus NX. The Dynamic Force engines introduced an updated nomenclature system for Toyota engines and no longer employ the traditional iteration or generation of the engine followed by the one letter or two letter designation for the engine family (such as ''5M-GE'' or ''4GR-FE'' being from the M and GR engine families respectively) and instead incorporate the engine's displacement in between a two letter code such as the ''M20A'', with the "20" denoting a 2.0-litre engine.Common key technologies
* High speed combustion technologies: ** Long stroke (stroke/bore ≒ 1.2) ** Wider angle between the intake and exhaust valve ** High efficiency intake port with laser cladded valve seat ** High compression ratio up to 14.0:1 ** High energy ignition coil ** Updated D-4S system ** Multi-hole direct injector * Variable cooling system: ** Motor driven water pump ** Heated thermostat * Continuous variable-capacity oil pump * Low viscosity engine oil * Water jacket spacer * Piston with laser pit skirt * Drilled passage between cylinder bores * VVT-iE * Small-concave-profile camshaft * Compact HLA * High strength connecting rod * High response intake air control * Fuel injection control (multi-injection) * Cylinder heads with built-in EGR cooler function * Updated catalyst * Change of exhaust manifold layout * Piston oil jet controlM15 family
The M15 engine family is a straight-three engine series that was first introduced in 2019 for the XP210 series Yaris.M15A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–present Yaris (MXPA10/11/15) * 2020–present GR Yaris RS (MXPA12) * 2020–present Yaris Cross (MXPB10/15) * 2020–presentM15A-FXE
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–present Yaris Hybrid/2022–present Mazda2 Hybrid (MXPH10/11/15) * 2020–present Yaris Cross Hybrid (MXPJ10/15) * 2021–present Aqua (MXPK10/11/15/16) * 2022–present Sienta Hybrid (MXPL10/15)M15B-FKS
Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).M15C-FKS
Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).M15D-FXE
The hybrid version produced in Jigani, Bangalore, India by Toyota Industries Engine India (TIEI). Applications (calendar years): * 2022–present Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid/ Suzuki Grand Vitara HybridM20 family
The M20 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2018 for the E210 series Corolla.M20A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–presentM20A-FKB
The flex fuel E85 version with 13.0:1 compression ratio ethanol fuel capable. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–presentM20A-FXS
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Corolla Hybrid (MZEH12) * 2018–present Lexus UX 250h/260h (MZAH10/15) * 2020–present C-HR Hybrid (MAXH10) * 2022–present Corolla Cross Hybrid (MXGH10/15) * 2022–present Prius (MXWH60/65) * 2022–present Innova Hybrid/ Kijang Innova Zenix Hybrid (MAGH10)M20B-FXS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the ''M20A-FXS'' engine.M20C-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).M20D-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).M20E-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).M20F-FKS
Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).A25 family
The A25 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XV70 series Camry.A25A-FKS
The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–present Camry (AXVA70/75) * 2018–presentA25A-FKB
Version used in Thailand with E85 ethanol fuel capable. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Camry (AXVA70)A25A-FXS
The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–presentA25B-FXS
Version used only in China which is largely identical to the ''A25A-FXS'' engine. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Lexus ES 300h (China) (AXZH10) * 2019–present RAV4 Hybrid (China)/2020–present Wildlander Hybrid (AXAH52/54) * 2021–present Highlander Hybrid (China)/ Crown Kluger Hybrid (AXUH70/78) * 2022–present Lexus NX 350h (China) (AAZH20) * 2022–present Lexus NX 400h+ (AAZH21)A25D-FXS
Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE(Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).A25F-FXS
Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE(FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).T24A
The T24A engine is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2021 for the AZ20 series Lexus NX.T24A-FTS
The turbocharged version. A hybridised version (marketed as "Dual Boost Hybrid System" in Japan and "Hybrid Max" in North America) is also available with the same engine designation as the regular variant. Applications (calendar years): * 2021–present Lexus NX 350 (TAZA25) * 2022–presentV35A
The V35A engine is a V6 engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XF50 series Lexus LS. Despite its "35" nomenclature and being advertised as a 3.5-litre engine, its actual displacement is 3.4 litres (3,444 cc).V35A-FTS
The twin-turbocharged version with 10.5:1 compression ratio. Pumping losses have been reduced by electrification of the waste gate of the twin turbo system. The engine achieves 37% thermal efficiency. A hybridised version (marketed as "i-Force Max" in North America) is also available with the same engine designation as the regular variant. The hybridised version was named Ward's World's 10 Best Engines list in 2022. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–present Lexus LS 500 (VXFA50/55) * 2021–present Land Cruiser (VJA300) * 2021–present Tundra (VXKA70/71/72/75/76/77) * 2021–present Tundra Hybrid (VXKH70/71/75/76) * 2021–presentSee also
*References
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