The Board of Control of

Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

, Ontario, Canada, was a part of its municipal government until it was abolished in 1969. It served as the

executive committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly o ...

of the

Toronto City Council Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The Toronto City Council 2022–2026, current term began on Nove ...

. When it was initially created in 1896 by mandate of the provincial government, it consisted of three Controllers appointed from and by the

aldermen An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law with similar officials existing in the Netherlands (wethouder) and Belgium (schepen). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking membe ...

, and presided over by the

Mayor of Toronto The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the Municipal government of Toronto, municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; t ...

. Beginning in

1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system. * ...

, the Board of Control was directly elected by the city's electorate and consisted of four Controllers, presided over by the Mayor. Each voter could vote for up to four candidates, and the four with the most votes were elected. By tradition the controller who received the most votes was given the powerful budget chief position.

Functions

Under the ''Municipal Act'', the Board of Control had the following duties and powers: #the preparation and certification of all estimates for expenditures #the preparation of specifications for tenders, and making awards thereon # the nomination to council of all heads of departments and related staff, and the recommendation of appropriate salaries #the inspection and reporting (at least monthly) on all municipal works carried on or in progress #the submission of by-laws to the council #the authority to amalgamate departments and sub-departments #other powers as the council has delegated by-law or resolution With respect to the first three items, the board's actions could only be overturned by a two-thirds vote of the council.

History

From 1896 until 1904, the Toronto Board of Control was an executive branch of Council, chaired by the Mayor. It handled all daily business of Council and reported to Council. In the early 20th century, elected Boards of Control were introduced as a reform measure for all cities in Ontario. The board was designed to be the equivalent of a cabinet for municipal governments. It had certain specific duties such as issuing tenders and appointing department heads. In Toronto it often did not function as such. Since the controllers were elected separately from the mayor, there was no guarantee they would be allied. Moreover, since controllers contested citywide elections they were often seen as the natural contenders for the mayoralty and as challengers to the incumbent mayor. Many controllers thus had a self-interest in blocking the mayor from succeeding. Relations between the Board of Control and council were also sometimes difficult, with the Board often acting as an independent council at odds with the larger body. In 1961 the provincial government allowed cities with more than 100,000 people to abolish the Board of Control.

voted to do so in December 1968 after a long debate. The move was opposed by Mayor William Dennison along with three of the sitting controllers, but it was passed by a significant majority of council. The Board of Control was replaced with a new executive committee that was composed of and elected by city council members. The size of city council was expanded by four to retain the same overall number of councillors. William Peyton Hubbard, the son of American slaves who had escaped to Canada through the

Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was an organized network of secret routes and safe houses used by freedom seekers to escape to the abolitionist Northern United States and Eastern Canada. Enslaved Africans and African Americans escaped from slavery ...

, was elected to the first Board of Control in 1904 and served for four terms - he would be the only Black person or person of colour to sit on the body; Joseph Singer became the first Jewish candidate to win citywide office in 1923; Jean Newman was the first woman elected to the Board and served from 1957 to 1960.Former Alderman and Controller, Ms. Jean Newman dies at 66." ''Toronto Star.'' October 6, 1971.

City of Toronto Controllers

Names in

boldface In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them. It is the equivalent of prosody stress in speech. Methods and use The most common methods in We ...

indicate Controllers that became

in other years. Names in

italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography. Owing to the influence f ...

are individuals who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. :X = elected as Controller
:M = sitting as Mayor :B = elected as Controller in a

by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, or a bypoll in India, is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections. A vacancy may arise as a result of an incumben ...

:A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy

From 1896 to 1903

Municipal Boards of Control were created by the provincial government as a reform measure. From 1896 to 1903 the Toronto Board of Control was appointed by vote of Toronto City Council from among its own members and acted as an

or municipal cabinet. Controllers were chosen at the first council meeting in January after the annual municipal election. Three Controllers sat on the Board, in addition to the Mayor, until 1901 when the number of Controllers was increased to four. *Fleming resigned as mayor on August 6, 1897. Council elected Shaw to complete his term.

From 1904 to 1929

Originally, the Board of Control was appointed by the city council. In 1903, the Ontario legislature passed a law requiring municipal boards of control to be chosen through

direct election Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen ...

by the municipality's voters. This requirement became effective in Toronto with the 1904 municipal election. * Richardson resigned after his election agent was charged with bribery. Shaw was elected to replace him in a by-election.

1930s and 1940s

From 1950 to abolition

With the formation of

Metropolitan Toronto The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, whic ...

in April 1953, the two most senior controllers, in terms of votes at the municipal election, also sat on Metropolitan Toronto Council along with the

, the senior alderman from each of Toronto's nine wards, and mayors and reeves elected from the suburbs. * Mayor Summerville died in office, Givens was appointed mayor in his place. Archer was appointed to the Board of Control to fill the vacancy. ** In 1954, Controller Shannon died and Ward 9 Alderman Roy E. Belyea was appointed in his place."Precedent Cited for Filling Vacancies From City Council, ''The Globe and Mail'' (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. oronto, Ont2 Nov 1963: 4 *** Mayor Lamport resigned as mayor to become vice-chairman of the

Toronto Transit Commission The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the primary public transport agency in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operating the majority of the city's transit bus, bus and rail services. It is the oldest and largest of the urban transit service providers ...

, Saunders was appointed mayor in his place and Ward 8 Alderman Ross Lipsett was appointed to the Board of Control to fill the vacancy.

Election results

;

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

: Margaret Campbell - 88,036 : June Marks - 77,655 : Herbert Orliffe - 76,412 : Allan Lamport - 67,677 : George Ben - 63,206 : Joseph Piccininni - 58,122 :Phyllis Clarke - 10,162 :Arthur Young - 9,550 :John Charles Ewing - 6,071 :Dorothy Cureatz - 4,262 :Shaba Musa - 2,399 ;

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 – In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patria ...

: William Dennison - 68,892 : Herbert Orliffe - 66,280 : William Archer - 65,593 : Margaret Campbell - 60,900 : George Ben - 59,751 : Richard Horkins - 47,906 :Harry Bradley - 12,949 :Phyllis Clarke - 10,284 :Fred Graham - 9,673 :Patricia Mitchell - 6,750 ;

1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...

Philip Givens Philip Gerald Givens, (April 24, 1922 – November 30, 1995) was a Canadian politician and judge. He was the Mayor of Toronto, a Member of Parliament (MP) and Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP). He was born and raised in Toronto and a ...

- 88,629 : Allan Lamport - 84,902 : William Dennison - 76,504 : Herbert Orliffe - 73,118 : Margaret Campbell - 72,108 : Ken Waters - 62,019 :Phyllis Clarke - 16,151 :Frederick Graham - 10,475 :Dorothy Cureatz - 6,752 ;

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...

: Donald Summerville - 110,893 : William Allen - 110,256 : William Dennison - 76,169 :

- 66,972 : Herbert Orliffe - 65,418 : Francis Chambers - 30,696 :William Harris - 14,493 :Jessie Jackson - 14,062 :Burke - 13,240 ;

1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the thir ...

: Jean Newman - 59,243 : William Allen- 52,462 : Donald Summerville - 49,476 : William Dennison - 33,612 : Leslie Saunders - 33,469 : Roy E. Belyea - 27,024 : Ross Parry - 25,195 :James Karfilis - 10,971 :Harry Bradley - 10,499 : Ross Dowson - 4,539 :George Rolland - 3,834 ;

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...

: Jean Newman - 54,785 : Ford Brand - 54,178 : William Allen - 54,038 : Joseph Cornish - 49,385 : Leslie Saunders - 47,048 :Harry Bradley - 16,450 :Charles Sims - 6961 :George Rolland - 5,632 ; 1955 : Ford Brand - 59,264 : Joseph Cornish - 55,162 : William Allen - 53,455 : Leslie Saunders - 46,528 : Arthur J. Brown - 41,351 :Harry Bradley - 14,802 : Alex Hodgins - 13,503 :Harry Hunter - 9,493 :George Rolland - 3,923 :George Stanton - 3,863 ;

1954 Events January * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown–IBM experiment: The first public demonstration of a machine translation system is held in New York, at the head ...

: Ford Brand - 69,540 : Roy E. Belyea - 66,223 : David Balfour - 62,871 : Joseph Cornish - 55,277 : Ross Lipsett - 45,385 :Harry Bradley - 20,488 :Harry Hunter - 14,114 :Nobleman - 9,413 :George Rolland - 5,280 ;

1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...

: Leslie Saunders - 62,397 : Louis Shannon - 57,635 : Ford Brand - 54,635 : David Balfour - 51,393 : Joseph Cornish - 46,701 :Harry Bradley - 18,686 :Harry Hunter - 14,194 ;

1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...

: Leslie Saunders - 71,597 : Louis Shannon - 61,154 : David Balfour - 58,898 : Ford Brand - 58,648 : Joseph Cornish - 41,086 : John McMechan - 30,219 : Stewart Smith - 19,061 :Harry Bradley - 17,480 :Frederick Vacher - 7,065 :Mahoney - 7,046 ;

1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...

: Leslie Saunders - 95,838 : Ford Brand - 92,725 : David Balfour - 91,474 : Louis Shannon - 87,440 : Stewart Smith - 31,317 :Frederick Vacher - 20,039 ; December 1950 : John Innes - 93,656 : David Balfour - 81,577 : Leslie Saunders - 80,703 : Louis Shannon - 74,859 : Ford Brand - 66,235 : W.H. Collings - 59,380 : Stewart Smith - 28,309 :Mahoney - 8,210 :Frederick Vacher - 7,653 ; January 1950 : John Innes - 96,139 : Leslie Saunders - 87,799 : David Balfour - 78,090 : Allan Lamport - 72,436 : Louis Shannon - 72,059 : Stewart Smith - 45,251 :Harry Bradley- 21,719 :Frederick Vacher - 9,850 ;

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...

: John Innes - 53,599 : Leslie Saunders - 57,746 : David Balfour - 55,271 : Allan Lamport - 52,037 : Stewart Smith - 43,364 : Kenneth Bert McKellar (incumbent) - 41,846 : Leonard Reilly - 20,756 : E.C. Roelofson (incumbent) - 11,905 :Harry Bradley- 9,701 ;

1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 83,812 : John Innes - 80,834 : David Balfour - 77,087 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 75,356 : Stewart Smith - 47,791 :Harry Bradley - 15,711 :Harry Clairmont - 4,858 ;

1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 58,524 : John Innes - 53,137 : David Balfour - 51,578 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 49,680 : Stewart Smith - 42,106 :M.A. Sanderson - 26,136 :Harry Bradley - 10,749 :Harry Clairmont - 4,858 ;

1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...

: Hiram E. McCallum - 42,126 : Stewart Smith - 41,637 : David Balfour - 40,632 : Kenneth Bert McKellar - 35,627 : William J. Wadsworth - 35,477 : Leslie Saunders - 22,040 :Harry Bradley - 6,796 ;

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat. Events World War II will be ...

: David Balfour - 47,931 : William J. Wadsworth - 45,942 : Stewart Smith - 41,691 : Hiram E. McCallum - 41,201 : Leslie Saunders - 34,587 : E.C. Bogart - 34,258 : C.D Millen - 30,235 :Harry Bradley - 9,589 ;

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...

Robert Hood Saunders Robert Hood Saunders (May 30, 1903 – January 16, 1955) was mayor of Toronto from 1945 to 1948, and then president of the Canadian National Exhibition, and chairman of the Ontario Hydro (formally named the Hydro Electric Power Commission of O ...

(incumbent) - 73,383 : Fred Hamilton (incumbent) - 52,694 : William J. Wadsworth (incumbent) - 52,485 : David Balfour - 50,599 : Hiram E. McCallum - 50,337 : Stewart Smith - 41,277 : William Dennison - 30,026 :William Muir - 19,061 :Harry Bradley - 7,743 ;

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 � ...

: Lewis Duncan - 40,060 :

- 33,081 : Fred Hamilton - 28,919 : William J. Wadsworth - 27,031 :C.E. Reynolds - 26,194 : Minerva Reid - 18,320 :J.C. Irwin - 16,860 :G.P. Granell - 5,010 :Harry Bradley - 3,590 ;

1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...

: Lewis Duncan - 41,656 :

- 28,923 : Fred Hamilton - 28,853 : William J. Wadsworth - 27,022 : Ralph Day - 24,208 : Minerva Reid - 20,337 :J.C. Irwin - 18,272 :N. Macmillan - 5,179 :Harry Bradley - 3,102 ;

1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...

: Lewis Duncan - 49,382 : Fred Hamilton - 39,021 :

- 37,417 : William J. Wadsworth - 33,411 : Adelaide Plumptre - 33,021 : Ernest Bray - 26,391 : David A. Balfour - 20,849 :Day - 4,645 :Harry Bradley - 3,271 :Harding - 2,523 ;

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...

: Frederick J. Conboy - 78,672 : Douglas McNish - 68,774 : Fred Hamilton - 60,124 : William J. Wadsworth - 55,756 : David A. Balfour - 43,261 : Stewart Smith - 19,641 :Harding - 6,548 ; January 1939 : Frederick J. Conboy - 80,720 : Douglas McNish - 73,252 : Fred Hamilton - 54,516 : William J. Wadsworth - 49,446 : William Croft - 48,798 : Tim Buck - 43,112 :

- 40,973 : William D. Robbins - 24,745 :Harry Bradley - 3,489 ; December 1937 : Frederick J. Conboy - 60,665 : William J. Wadsworth - 53,766 : Fred Hamilton - 47,493 : Douglas McNish - 44,402 : Tim Buck - 44,248 :

- 41,817 :Robert Allen - 15,283 :Harry Bradley - 4,623 ; December 1936 : Ralph Day - 56,847 : Frederick J. Conboy - 48,976 : William J. Wadsworth - 48,047 : Fred Hamilton - 39,003 : Douglas McNish - 32,265 : Tim Buck - 31,342 :Alfred Burgess - 3,983 :Harry Bradley - 3,295 ; January 1936 : Ralph Day - 68,335 : William J. Wadsworth - 62,838 : J. George Ramsden - 52,170 : William D. Robbins - 51,465 : Joseph Enoch Thompson - 31,546 :Miller - 30,613 : Tim Buck - 20,873 :Harry Bradley - 4,986 ;

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...

: Sam McBride - 71,177 : William J. Wadsworth - 58,783 : William D. Robbins - 44,820 : Ralph Day - 41,515 : Claude Pierce - 34,064 : Adelaide Plumptre - 32,872 : A.E. Hacker - 29,110 :Frank Regan - 26,242 : Tim Buck - 9,938 ;

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...

: Sam McBride - 54,855 : J. George Ramsden - 48,152 : James Simpson - 47,358 : William D. Robbins - 37,714 : William J. Wadsworth - 36,289 : Claude Pierce - 31,156 : Percy Quinn - 26,872 :Alice Buck - 9,767 :Harry Bradley - 2,623 ;

1933 Events January * January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independen ...

: J. George Ramsden - 55,503 : Sam McBride - 55,323 : James Simpson - 54,218 : William D. Robbins - 48,061 : Albert Hacker - 37,019 :John Boland - 36,645 :William Miller - 18,836 :Cotton - 11,871 :Alice Buck - 10,155 :W.J. Haire - 3,066 :J.H.H. Ballantyne - 2,183 ;

1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...

: James Simpson - 42,010 : J. George Ramsden - 38,200 : Sam McBride - 31,939 : William D. Robbins - 31,067 : Albert Hacker - 30,348 : Claude Pearce - 23,659 :Cotton - 6,440 : Tim Buck - 5,974 :Harry Bradley - 1,726 ;

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

: J. George Ramsden - 51,043 : William D. Robbins - 50,801 : James Simpson - 48,105 : Albert Hacker - 43,763 : John Boland - 41,779 : Claude Pearce (incumbent) - 40,431 : W.A. Summerville (incumbent) - 19,087 :Foster - 13,491 :Cotton - 9,014 :King - 3,154 : Tim Buck - 3,010 ;

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be on J ...

: W.A. Summerville (incumbent) - 47,418 : Claude Pearce - 46,692 : James Simpson - 44,921 : William D. Robbins - 39,023 :Benjamin Miller - 37,156 : Frank Whetter (incumbent) - 31,772 :Brook Sykes - 28,043 :Wesley Benson - 25,054 :Harry Bradley - 2,617 ;

1929 This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic ...

: Bert Wemp (incumbent) - 43,464 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 32,734 : W.A. Summerville - 30,292 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 28,667 : R.H. Cameron - 27,266 : Claude Pearce - 27,245 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 23,796 : James Simpson - 12,816 ;

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...

: Bert Wemp (incumbent) - 47,153 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 45,655 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 33,433 : William D. Robbins - 29,359 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 28,858 :Brook Sykes - 24,427 :Miller - 18,122 : James Simpson - 12,954 ;

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 48,739 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 43,153 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 34,813 : Bert Wemp - 34,450 : J. George Ramsden - 26,489 : Clifford Blackburn - 22,959 : Frank Whetter - 21,878 : James Simpson - 10,946 ;

1926 In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 37,608 : Sam McBride - 36,211 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 31,427 : D.C. MacGregor (incumbent) - 30,975 : William D. Robbins - 30,320 : William C. McBrien - 29,923 : Bert Wemp - 28,024 : Frank Whetter - 21,722 :W.E. Hamilton - 2,590 ;

1925 Events January * January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 39,299 : A.E. Hacker (incumbent) - 34,369 : William D. Robbins - 33,172 : D.C. MacGregor - 30,326 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 29,086 : James Simpson - 14,573 :Birks - 4,321 ;

1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20–January 30, 30 – Kuomintang in Ch ...

: Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 42,778 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 34,435 : A.E. Hacker - 32,689 : R.H. Cameron - 30,621 : D.C. MacGregor - 26,637 : William D. Robbins - 26,594 :F.M. Johnston - 22,542 :J.R. Beamish - 20,161 ;

1923 In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days was skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Thursday, 1 March ' ...

: Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 36,040 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 33,740 : Wesley Hiltz (incumbent) - 32,551 : Joseph Singer - 32,033 : Sam McBride - 30,606 : A.R. Nesbitt (incumbent) - 29,947 :Alfred Burgess - 24,876 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 25,931 ;

1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...

: Thomas Foster - 23,355 : Wesley Hiltz (incumbent) - 20,001 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 18,647 : A.R. Nesbitt (incumbent) - 16,453 : William D. Robbins - 16,814 : R.H. Cameron - 15,403 : J. George Ramsden - 14,721 : Clifford Blackburn - 12,950 :William Varley - 3,419 ;

1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 34,141 : Wesley Hiltz - 22,615 : Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 18,612 : A.R. Nesbitt - 19,202 : William D. Robbins - 18,015 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 17,872 : J. George Ramsden (incumbent) - 17,393 : Herbert Henry Ball - 16,911 ;

1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen in Finland, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its ow ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 28,438 : Joseph Gibbons - 23,269 : R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 21,055 : J. George Ramsden - 18,473 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 17,716 : Herbert Henry Ball - 16,506 : James Simpson - 10,832 :Wright - 7,927 ;

1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (later Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off th ...

: Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 19,963 : R.H. Cameron - 19,094 : Sam McBride (incumbent) - 18,476 : William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 19,270 : Joseph Gibbons - 16,397 :Garnet Archibald - 15,603 :Fred McBrien - 13,570 ;

1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...

: John O'Neill (incumbent) - 24,952 : William D. Robbins - 19,000 : Sam McBride - 17,850 : Charles A. Maguire - 17,711 : William Henry Shaw (incumbent) - 14,255 :D.C. MacGregor - 14,468 :Garnet Archibald - 8,992 :Miles Vokes - 2,720 :Edward Meek - 2,262 ;

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

: R.H. Cameron (incumbent) - 15,615 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 15,141 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 13,939 : William Henry Shaw - 11,967 : James Simpson - 10,779 : Sam McBride - 10,085 : Francis Stephens Spence - 9,281 ;

1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Empire, British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored ...

: Joseph Elijah Thompson (incumbent) -18,209 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 17,572 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 16,085 : R.H. Cameron - 15,391 : James Simpson (incumbent) - 13,080 : Francis Stephens Spence (incumbent) - 12,652 :John Dunn - 11,009 ;

1915 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January *January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *January 1 * ...

: John O'Neill (incumbent) - 20,751 : Thomas Foster - 18,608 : Francis Stephens Spence - 17,747 : Joseph Elijah Thompson - 16,505 : James Simpson (incumbent) - 16,349 :Fred McBrien - 15,447 :John Wanless - 13,044 ;

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...

: James Simpson - 20,695 : J.O. McCarthy (incumbent) - 17,490 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 17,085 : John O'Neill (incumbent) - 14,597 : Joseph Elijah Thompson - 14,233 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 13,929 :Robert Yeomans - 11,708 :Eckardt - 7,755 ;

1913 Events January * January – Joseph Stalin travels to Vienna to research his ''Marxism and the National Question''. This means that, during this month, Stalin, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito are all living in the city. * January 3 &ndash ...

: Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 15,861 : John O'Neill - 14,600 : J.O. McCarthy (incumbent) - 14,036 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 12,765 : Francis Stephens Spence (incumbent) - 11,976 :Robert Yeomens - 10,713 : James Simpson - 10,122 : Charles A. Maguire - 9,388 : J.J. Ward - 9,278 :George R. Sweeny - 1,643 :Richard Woods - 498 ;

1912 This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15. In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 16,904 : J.O. McCarthy - 14,897 : Thomas Foster - 14,462 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 12,149 : Francis Stephens Spence (incumbent) - 12,003 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 11,735 :O'Donohue - 4,022 :George R. Sweeny - 3,921 ;

1911 Events January * January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia. * January 3 ** 1911 Kebin earthquake: An earthquake of 7.7 m ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken - 22,761 : Francis Stephens Spence(incumbent) - 16,187 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 15,999 : Tommy Church (incumbent) - 15,760 : Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 15,540 :Thomas Davies - 3,285 ;

1910 Events January * January 6 – Abé people in the French West Africa colony of Côte d'Ivoire rise against the colonial administration; the rebellion is brutally suppressed by the military. * January 8 – By the Treaty of Punakha, t ...

: Francis Stephens Spence - 13,879 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 13,401 : Tommy Church - 12,657 : Thomas Foster - 10,841 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 9,946 : William Peyton Hubbard - 9,498 :Mark Bredin - 8,708 :James Henry McGhie - 7,511 :James Hales - 5,852 :Albert Chamberlain - 2,730 ; 1909 : George Reginald Geary - 19,027 : Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 17,380 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 15,782 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 13,509 : Francis Stephens Spence (incumbent) - 12,933 : William Peyton Hubbard - 11,275 :Hales - 8,171 :Robert Buist Noble - 1,287 :James O'Hara - 779 ;

1908 This is the longest year in either the Julian or Gregorian calendars, having a duration of 31622401.38 seconds of Terrestrial Time (or ephemeris time), measured according to the definition of mean solar time. Events January * January ...

: Horatio Clarence Hocken (incumbent) - 16,844 : Francis Stephens Spence - 11,512 : William Spence Harrison (incumbent) - 10,312 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 10,075 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 9,203 : John Shaw - 6,385 :Robert Fleming - 5,640 :Oliver Sheppard - 5,099 :John Dunn - 4,434 : John Enoch Thompson - 1,291 : James Lindala - 1,220 :Hugh MacMath - 1,013 :Robert Buist Noble - 745 :James O'Hara - 367 :Joel Marvin Briggs - 232 ;

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...

: J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 9,362 : William Spence Harrison - 9,054 : Horatio Clarence Hocken - 8,639 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 8,483 :Robert Fleming - 7,077 : S. Alfred Jones (incumbent) - 6,710 : John Shaw (incumbent) - 6,465 :John Dunn - 5,038 :Davies - 1,390 :Joel Marvin Briggs - 496 ;

1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...

: William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 14,081 : S. Alfred Jones - 14,039 : J.J. Ward (incumbent) - 13,770 : John Shaw (incumbent) - 12,524 :Hastings - 11,308 ; 1905 : Francis Stephens Spence (incumbent) - 13,032 : J.J. Ward - 12,993 : William Peyton Hubbard (incumbent) - 12,880 : John Shaw - 12,436 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 9,823 : Joseph Oliver - 8,141 : Thomas Foster - 6,395 :G.R. Ramsden - 5,839 :Frank Moses - 5,048 :A.R. Denison - 4,925 : Edward Hanlan - 2,178 ;

: Francis Stephens Spence - 12,294 : John F. Loudon - 11,121 : William Peyton Hubbard - 8,950 : Fred H. Richardson - 8,923 :William Burns - 8,641 :James Russell Lovett Starr - 8,639 : Joseph Oliver - 8,598 : John Shaw - 7,184

Suburban Boards of Control

Several other municipalities in

also created Boards of Control.

Etobicoke Etobicoke (, ) is an administrative district and former city within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Comprising the city's west end, Etobicoke is bordered on the south by Lake Ontario, on the east by the Humber River (Ontario), Humber River, on the ...

created its Board of Control in the 1962 municipal election and

North York North York is a former township and city and is now one of the six administrative districts of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the northern area of Toronto, centred around Yonge Street, north of Ontario Highway 401. It is bounded by ...

first elected its Board of Control in the 1964 municipal election.

Scarborough Scarborough or Scarboro may refer to: People * Scarborough (surname) * Earl of Scarbrough Places Australia * Scarborough, Western Australia, suburb of Perth * Scarborough, New South Wales, suburb of Wollongong * Scarborough, Queensland, sub ...

and

York York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England, with Roman Britain, Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Foss, Foss. It has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a Yor ...

launched their boards at the 1966 election. North York, and Scarborough had 5 person boards consisting of their respective mayors and four controllers elected at large while York's board consisted of a mayor and two Controllers.

East York East York is a district and former municipality within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1967 to 1998, it was officially the Borough of East York, a borough within the upper-tier municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The borough was dissolved ...

never created a Board of Control. Etobicoke's board consisted of the reeve and two Controllers until the 1966 election when it expanded to four Controllers and the mayor. The top two candidates from the Toronto Board of Control also sat on, Metro Toronto Council. Beginning with the 1966 municipal election, several members of suburban Boards of Control sat on Metro Council as well as their borough's council - the number depended on the number of seats on Metro Council that borough was allocated. With the 1988 municipal election, the suburban Boards of Control were abolished and Metro Councillors were instead directly elected from special Metro Wards (consisting of two local wards).

Etobicoke

Beginning in 1966, the top three candidates for Etobicoke's Board of Control also sat on Metro Council. Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Reeve or Mayor of Etobicoke in other years.

Italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography. Owing to the influence f ...

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor *Dennis Flynn resigned as mayor as a result of his appointment as Metro Chairman in August 1984. On September 4, 1984, Etobicoke City Council appointed Controller Bruce Sinclair to replace Flynn as mayor and appointed Lois Griffin to fill the Controller position vacated by Sinclair.

North York

Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of North York in other years.

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. Beginning in 1966, all of North York's Controllers also sat on Metro Council. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor * Booth died in 1970 and was replaced by

Paul Godfrey Paul Victor Godfrey, CM, OOnt (born January 12, 1939) is a businessman and former Canadian politician. During his career, Godfrey was a North York alderman, Chairman of Metro Toronto, President of the ''Toronto Sun'' and head of the Toronto B ...

who served out the balance of his term. Godfrey was reelected in 1972, but resigned when he was elected Metro Chairman in 1973 following the death of Metro Chairman Albert Campbell. North York Council elected Alderman William Sutherland to replace Godfrey on the Board of Control on July 23, 1973. **Shiner died on December 19, 1987. Councillor Mario Gentile was appointed to the Board of Control in February 1988 to fill Shiner's seat.

Scarborough

All of Scarborough's Controllers also sat on Metro Council. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Mayor *Albert Campbell resigned as mayor after being elected Metro Chairman on October 1, 1969. Scarborough Council appointed Robert W. White to fill the vacancy as mayor and, on October 6, 1969, appointed Alderman Ken Morrish to the Board of Control to fill White's vacant position as Controller.Alderman gels controller post in Scarboro The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Oct 7, 1969; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The Globe and Mail pg. 5 **Paul Cosgrove resigned as mayor after being elected to the

House of Commons of Canada The House of Commons of Canada () is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Monarchy of Canada#Parliament (King-in-Parliament), Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of Ca ...

in an October 16, 1978 by-election. Ken Morrish was appointed acting mayor in Cosgrove's place and Frank Faubert was appointed to the Board of Control to fill Morrish's vacated Controller position. Morrish was defeated by Gus Harris in the mayoral election a month later. ***Trimmer served as mayor from 1988 to 1993; Faubert was mayor from 1994 to 1997

York

York's two Controllers also sat on Metro Council. Names in

indicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of York in other years.

indicate those who only sat on the Board of Control as mayor. X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor *Brown served as mayor from 1988 to 1994

References

Bibliography: * Notes: *"Toronto Council Votes to Drop Board of Control." ''Toronto Star''. December 19, 1968. pg 31 *"Farewell Board, of Control?" ''Toronto Star''. December 20, 1968. {{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto Board Of Control Board of Control History of Toronto