The Tobol (, ) is a river in

Western Siberia Western Siberia or West Siberia ( rus, Западная Сибирь, p=ˈzapədnəjə sʲɪˈbʲirʲ; , ) is a region in North Asia. It is part of the wider region of Siberia that is mostly located in the Russia, Russian Federation, with a Sout ...

(in

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

and

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

) and the main (left)

tributary A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...

of the

Irtysh The Irtysh is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob (river), Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world. The river's source lies in the Altai Mountains, Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern p ...

. Its length is , and the area of its

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

is .

History

The Tobol River was one of the four important rivers of the

Siberia Khanate The Khanate of Sibir (; ) was a Tatar state in western Siberia. It was founded at the end of the 15th century, following the break-up of the Golden Horde.Сибирское ханство // Большая советская энцикло ...

. In 1428 the khan was killed in a battle with the forces of

Abu'l-Khayr Khan Abu'l-Khayr Khan (Turki/Cuman language, Kypchak and Persian language, Persian: ابو الخیر خان; –1468), also known as Bulgar Khan, was Khan (title), Khan of the Uzbek Khanate from 1428 to 1468, which united the nomadic Central Asian t ...

at the Battle of Tobol. In the 16th century, the Tobol was the eastern terminus of the portage route leading westward to the rivers Vishera and

Kama ''Kama'' (Sanskrit: काम, ) is the concept of pleasure, enjoyment and desire in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It can also refer to "desire, wish, longing" in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh literature.Monier Williamsका� ...

Cities and towns on the Tobol

Lisakovsk Lisakovsk () is a city in Kostanay Region of northwestern Kazakhstan. It is located about 105 km SW of the regional capital city Kostanay on the right bank of the Tobol River (a tributary of the Irtysh River). Population: History The ci ...

in Kazakhstan * Rudni in Kazakhstan *

Kostanay Kostanay or Qostanai (, , rus, Костанай, p=kəstɐˈnaj) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region. As of 24 March 2022, the city's governor is Marat Zhundubay ...

(formerly Nikolaevsk) in Kazakhstan *

Kurgan A kurgan is a type of tumulus (burial mound) constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons, and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into mu ...

in the Russian Federation *

Yalutorovsk Yalutorovsk () is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tobol River southeast of Tyumen. Population: History It was founded in 1659 as the settlement of Yalutorovsky () and was granted town status in 1782. Administrative and munici ...

in the Russian Federation *

Tobolsk Tobolsk (, ) is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tobol and Irtysh rivers. Founded in 1587, Tobolsk is the second-oldest Russian settlement east of the Ural Mountains in Asian Russia, and was the historic capita ...

in the Russian Federation, where the Tobol joins the Irtysh

Main tributaries

The largest tributaries of the Tobol are, from source to mouth: *

Syntasty The Syntasty (, ''Syntasty''; , ''Sintashta''), in its lower course Zhelkuar (), is a river of Kazakhstan (Kostanay Region) and Russia (Chelyabinsk Oblast). It is a left tributary of the Tobol The Tobol (, ) is a river in Western Siberia (in Kaz ...

(left) * Ayat (left) * Uy (left) *

Ubagan The Ubagan ( ''Obağan''; ) is a river of Kazakhstan and Russia, a right tributary of the Tobol. It has a length of , and a catchment area of , with water supplied by melting snow. In the summer the water is brackish. Course The river originates ...

(right) *

Iset Iset or Aset is an Ancient Egyptian name, meaning "(She) of the throne". It was the name of the goddess better known by her Greek name Isis. For its etymology see Isis – Etymology. Its notable bearers were: * Iset, mother of Thutmose III * ...

(left) * Tura (left) *

Tavda Tavda () is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends acros ...

(left)

References

Rivers of Kazakhstan Rivers of Kurgan Oblast Rivers of Tyumen Oblast {{Siberia-river-stub