The Tobol (, ) is a river in
Western Siberia
Western Siberia or West Siberia ( rus, Западная Сибирь, p=ˈzapədnəjə sʲɪˈbʲirʲ; , ) is a region in North Asia. It is part of the wider region of Siberia that is mostly located in the Russia, Russian Federation, with a Sout ...
(in
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
and
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) and the main (left)
tributary
A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...
of the
Irtysh
The Irtysh is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob (river), Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.
The river's source lies in the Altai Mountains, Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern p ...
. Its length is , and the area of its
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
is .
[
]
History
The Tobol River was one of the four important rivers of the
Siberia Khanate. In 1428 the khan was killed in a battle with the forces of
Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan (Turki/Cuman language, Kypchak and Persian language, Persian: ابو الخیر خان; –1468), also known as Bulgar Khan, was Khan (title), Khan of the Uzbek Khanate from 1428 to 1468, which united the nomadic Central Asian t ...
at the Battle of Tobol.
In the 16th century, the Tobol was the eastern terminus of
the portage route leading westward to the rivers
Vishera and
Kama.
Cities and towns on the Tobol
*
Lisakovsk in Kazakhstan
*
Rudni in Kazakhstan
*
Kostanay (formerly Nikolaevsk) in Kazakhstan
*
Kurgan in the Russian Federation
*
Yalutorovsk in the Russian Federation
*
Tobolsk in the Russian Federation, where the Tobol joins the Irtysh
Main tributaries
The largest tributaries of the Tobol are, from source to mouth:
[
* Syntasty (left)
* Ayat (left)
* Uy (left)
* Ubagan (right)
* Iset (left)
* Tura (left)
* Tavda (left)
]
References
Rivers of Kazakhstan
Rivers of Kurgan Oblast
Rivers of Tyumen Oblast
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