This article is intended to show a

timeline A timeline is a list of events displayed in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale representing t ...

of the

history History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...

Glasgow Glasgow is the Cities of Scotland, most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in Strathclyde, west central Scotland. It is the List of cities in the United Kingdom, third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom ...

, Scotland, up to the present day.

500–1099

*543: The 12th century Bishop Jocelyn will later claim Glasgow's monastic church was founded by Saint Kentigern, also known as Saint Mungo, in this year; he also claimed that Kentigern found at Glasgow a cemetery which Saint Ninian had hallowed *560: Jocelyn claims Mungo/Kentigern made his first bishop in this year

1100–1199

*1114: Glasgow is a farming village, with a monastic church and

water mill A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower. It is a structure that uses a water wheel or water turbine to drive a mechanical process such as milling (grinding), rolling, or hammering. Such processes are needed in the production ...

; the reach of Glasgow's

bishop A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of di ...

s extends to

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancash ...

; the church is elevated to temporary

cathedral A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...

status by young David of

Strathclyde Strathclyde ( in Welsh language, Welsh; in Scottish Gaelic, Gaelic, meaning 'strath

alley An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane, footpath, path, or passageway, often reserved for pedestrians, which usually runs between, behind, or within buildings in towns and cities. It is also a rear access or service road (back lane), or a path, w ...

of the River Clyde') was one of nine former Local government in Scotland, local government Regions and districts of Scotland, regions of Scotland cre ...

, later David I *1118: Building of a new cathedral begins *1134: The churches of Saint John and the Holy Sepulchre are in the city; the church of Saint James is dedicated *1136: The cathedral is consecrated in the presence of David I *c1150: The Glasgow Fair is an eight-day event *1153: The sacking of Glasgow, and devastation of its surrounding countryside, by Somerled, Lord of Argyll. *c1175/c1178:

William the Lion William the Lion (), sometimes styled William I (; ) and also known by the nickname ; e.g. Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10. ( 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49 ...

makes Glasgow an episcopal burgh of barony, and grants Bishop Jocelyn a charterLynch 2001, p. 266 *1179?-1199?: Bishop gives

abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions. The name is derived from ''abba'', the Aramaic form of the Hebrew ''ab'', and means "father". The female equivale ...

and

convent A convent is an enclosed community of monks, nuns, friars or religious sisters. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The term is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglican ...

of Melrose a plot of land in Glasgow *1199: Death of Bishop Jocelyn

1200–1299

*1220s: Early trades in the town include fishermen, millers,

bakers A baker is a tradesperson who baking, bakes and sometimes Sales, sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery. History Ancient histo ...

, cobblers, painters, and blacksmiths; wooden merchant's houses replace peasant huts *1240: Diocesan authorities deeply in debt to bankers from

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

; church over Saint Kentigern's grave being added *1246:

Dominican order The Order of Preachers (, abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic Church, Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilians, Castilian priest named Saint Dominic, Dominic de Gu ...

(Blackfriars) establish a church. *1258: Work on Kentigern's church complete *1274: Diocese includes Teviotdale in

Dumfries Dumfries ( ; ; from ) is a market town and former royal burgh in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, near the mouth of the River Nith on the Solway Firth, from the Anglo-Scottish border. Dumfries is the county town of the Counties of Scotland, ...

*1286: Glasgow Bridge, made of timber, spans the

River Clyde The River Clyde (, ) is a river that flows into the Firth of Clyde, in the west of Scotland. It is the eighth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the second longest in Scotland after the River Tay. It runs through the city of Glasgow. Th ...

*1293: Saint Mary's church is in the town *1295: Saint Enoch's church is also in the town, and there is a second

beside the Gallowgate

1300–1399

*1301:

Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 1254 ...

visits Saint Kentigern's tomb in the town. Edward forces the townspeople to make a giant wooden siege tower and supply 30 wagons to transport it to Bothwell Castle to besiege it, along with tools,

iron Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...

and

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal i ...

; the town has trade in

salmon Salmon (; : salmon) are any of several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera ''Salmo'' and ''Oncorhynchus'' of the family (biology), family Salmonidae, native ...

and herring *1320: There is a St Thomas's Church in the town, with a Florentine Dean *c1330-1350: The west end of the

is completed *1350: The

Black Death The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the list of epidemics, most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. ...

hits the town *1380-1381: The Black Death hits Glasgow again

1400–1499

*c1400: Population estimate: 1,500-2,000Lynch 2001, p. 267 *1410: The wooden bridge across the

is replaced by an arched stone bridge. *1431: William Elphinstone is born. He later obtained a

papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...

for the

University of Aberdeen The University of Aberdeen (abbreviated ''Aberd.'' in List of post-nominal letters (United Kingdom), post-nominals; ) is a public university, public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It was founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bis ...

in 1495, and was involved with the introduction of

printing Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The ...

to Scotland in 1507 *1450: Glasgow is a "burgh of regality"Naughton 2014, p. 21 *1451: the

University of Glasgow The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as ''Glas.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals; ) is a Public university, public research university in Glasgow, Scotland. Founded by papal bull in , it is the List of oldest universities in continuous ...

is established by

bull A bull is an intact (i.e., not Castration, castrated) adult male of the species ''Bos taurus'' (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol cattle in r ...

Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V (; ; 15 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene IV made him a Cardinal (Catholic Chu ...

, and founded by Bishop Turnbull, beside Blackfriars monastery *1453: John Stewart, Glasgow's first Provost, appointed *1460: There is a

grammar school A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries, originally a Latin school, school teaching Latin, but more recently an academically oriented Se ...

in the city; *1464: St Nicholas Hospital founded in the city *1471: Provands Lordship, Glasgow's oldest dwelling-house, is builtWilliamson, Riches and Higgs 2005, p. 624 *1475: The Greyfriars (

Franciscan The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent Religious institute, religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor bei ...

s) are granted a tenement and lands on the High Street; St Ninian's Hospital is established *1478: Other stone houses are built in Glasgow *1492:

Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII (; ; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death, in July 1492. Son of the viceroy of Naples, Cybo spent his ea ...

makes the See of Glasgow an Archbishopric – Robert Blackadder is the city's first

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...

1500–1599

*c1500: Population estimate is 2,500 – 3,000 *1504: Plague hits Glasgow; the city is eleventh among Scottish

burgh A burgh ( ) is an Autonomy, autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots language, Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when David I of Scotland, King David I created ...

s for taxation revenue *c1510: The Bishop's Palace is extended *1516-1559: The city's craft

guild A guild ( ) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They so ...

s are incorporated *1518: The

university A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

becomes more active *1520: The

archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated ...

now includes the former

diocese In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, prov ...

Argyll Argyll (; archaically Argyle; , ), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a Shires of Scotland, historic county and registration county of western Scotland. The county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975 and most of the area ...

*1525: James Houston founds the Tron Church *1535-1556: Glasgow pays 1.5% – 3% of total Scottish burgh taxes *1544: Siege of

castle A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private ...

; estimated population is 3,000 *1556: Estimated population c4,500. Brewing recorded at site that will later become Wellpark Brewery *1560: The burgh of Glasgow is now represented in the

Parliament of Scotland In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

*1570: Andrew Melville rejuvenates the university *1574: Plague hits the city again *c1576: The council mill is rebuilt *1579: The city's

is saved from demolition by craftsmen threatening to riot *1581: Glasgow pays 66% of upper Clyde customs tax *1584: Plague *1589: Golf is played on

Glasgow Green Glasgow Green is a park in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland, on the north bank of the River Clyde. Established in the 15th century, it is the oldest park in the city. It connects to the south via the St Andrew's Suspension Bridge. History In ...

*1593: Emergence of the Presbytery of Glasgow in the new self-governing church *1594: Glasgow is now fifth in ranking of Scottish burghs, paying 4.5% of export customs

1600–1699

*1600: Population estimates for the city vary between 5000 and 7500 *1604: 361 craftsmen work in fourteen trades, including two surgeons and 213

merchant A merchant is a person who trades in goods produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Merchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce. Merchants and merchant networks operated i ...

s *1605: The Trades House and Merchants House combine to form the first

town council A town council, city council or municipal council is a form of local government for small municipalities. Usage of the term varies under different jurisdictions. Republic of Ireland In 2002, 49 urban district councils and 26 town commissi ...

*1610: The General Assembly approves the restoration of diocesan episcopacy in Scotland *1611: Glasgow becomes a

royal burgh A royal burgh ( ) was a type of Scottish burgh which had been founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter. Although abolished by law in 1975, the term is still used by many former royal burghs. Most royal burghs were either created by ...

, with a population of about 7600 *1615: John Ogilvy, a Scottish

Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

priest, is hanged for saying

Mass Mass is an Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic property of a physical body, body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the physical quantity, quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physi ...

*1621: Glasgow pays 3%-10% of Scottish

customs Customs is an authority or Government agency, agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling International trade, the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out ...

duties *1625: The first

quay A wharf ( or wharfs), quay ( , also ), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more Berth (mo ...

is built at Broomielaw *1626: The

Tolbooth A tolbooth or town house was the main municipal building of a Scotland, Scottish burgh, from medieval times until the 19th century. The tolbooth usually provided a council meeting chamber, a court house and a jail. The tolbooth was one of th ...

is constructed *1636: There are 120 students at the university *1638: Covenanters at the General Assembly plan to abolish bishops *1639: Glasgow the 3rd richest

in Scotland, one-fifth as rich as

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

; Hutcheson's Hospital is founded *1641: Hutchesons' Grammar School is founded for

orphan An orphan is a child whose parents have died, are unknown, or have permanently abandoned them. It can also refer to a child who has lost only one parent, as the Hebrew language, Hebrew translation, for example, is "fatherless". In some languages ...

boys; 50 buildings erected in Trongate *1645: Montrose enters city, celebrates victories *1645-1646: Plague hits city *1649: Glasgow displaces

Perth Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...

as Scotland's 4th trading centre; pays 6.5% of customs duties *1650:

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially ...

enters Glasgow while on a campaign against the Scottish Army *1652: Major fire makes about a thousand families homeless; an early fire engine from Edinburgh helps put out the blaze *1655: Glasgow trades in

, hoops, meal, oats,

butter Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of Churning (butter), churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 81% butterfat. It is used at room temperature as a spread (food ...

, herring,

salt In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...

paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses, Feces#Other uses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is dra ...

, prunes, timber, and hides:

goat The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a species of Caprinae, goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the ...

, kid, and deerskins *1656: Glasgow is described as a "flourishing city", with "strong stone walls" *1659-1665: Bridgegate merchants' house is rebuilt *1660: A coal pit is reported in the Gorbals *1661: Several pits reported *1662: A

post office A post office is a public facility and a retailer that provides mail services, such as accepting letter (message), letters and parcel (package), parcels, providing post office boxes, and selling postage stamps, packaging, and stationery. Post o ...

opens *1663: Alexander Burnet is appointed

*1668: Land is purchased for a new

harbour A harbor (American English), or harbour (Commonwealth English; see American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, spelling differences), is a sheltered body of water where ships, boats, and barges can be Mooring, moored. The t ...

– later Port Glasgow *1669: Burnet resigns the archbishopric, objects to Act of Supremacy *1670: Glasgow displaces

Aberdeen Aberdeen ( ; ; ) is a port city in North East Scotland, and is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, third most populous Cities of Scotland, Scottish city. Historically, Aberdeen was within the historic county of Aberdeensh ...

and

Dundee Dundee (; ; or , ) is the List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, fourth-largest city in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate for the locality was . It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firt ...

to become Scotland's second trade city *1673:

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

Walter Whiteford opens city's first

coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...

house *1675:

Magistrate The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a '' magistratus'' was one of the highest ranking government officers, and possessed both judi ...

s take action against unauthorised

prayer File:Prayers-collage.png, 300px, alt=Collage of various religionists praying – Clickable Image, Collage of various religionists praying ''(Clickable image – use cursor to identify.)'' rect 0 0 1000 1000 Shinto festivalgoer praying in front ...

meetings *1677: Another major fire hits the city, destroying 130 shops and houses *1678: First

stagecoach A stagecoach (also: stage coach, stage, road coach, ) is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by ...

es run to Edinburgh *1680: The city's population is perhaps around 12,000, with 450 traders, 100 trading overseas *1688: Broomielaw

Quay A wharf ( or wharfs), quay ( , also ), staith, or staithe is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more Berth (mo ...

is reconstructed following dredging of the

*1690 Glasgow is re-chartered as a

; the city has an early Bank of Scotland branch

1700–1799

*1702: the

has around 400 students *1706: Anti-unionists riot; Glasgow is a major smuggling port *1707: Act of Union *1710: The city's population is estimated to be 13,000; over 200 shops are open; much of the city is liable to flooding *1712: Glasgow owners own 4% of Scottish fleet, 46 vessels *1715: ''Glasgow Courant'' newspaper first published *1718: Possible date for first Glasgow vessel to sail to America *1719:

Cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

printing has begun *1720: Glasgow's estimated population is 15,000 *1721-1735: James Anderson builds "Andersontown" (modern-day Anderston) village *1725: Glasgow occupied by

General Wade Field marshal (United Kingdom), Field Marshal George Wade (1673 – 14 March 1748) was a British Army officer and politician who served in the Nine Years' War, War of the Spanish Succession, Jacobite rising of 1715 and War of the Quadruple Al ...

's army; protests and street violence against

liquor Liquor ( , sometimes hard liquor), spirits, distilled spirits, or spiritous liquor are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through ethanol fermentation, alcoholic ferm ...

tax A tax is a mandatory financial charge or levy imposed on an individual or legal entity by a governmental organization to support government spending and public expenditures collectively or to regulate and reduce negative externalities. Tax co ...

*1726:

Daniel Defoe Daniel Defoe (; born Daniel Foe; 1660 – 24 April 1731) was an English writer, merchant and spy. He is most famous for his novel ''Robinson Crusoe'', published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translati ...

describes Glasgow as "The cleanest and best-built city in Britain"; 50 ships a year sail to America *1729: The ''Glasgow Journal'' newspaper is published *1730: The Glasgow

Linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...

Society is formed *1735: The city's ship-owners own 67 ships *1736: The first history of Glasgow is published by John McUre *1737-1760: A new Town Hall is built west of the

*1738: The Anderston Weavers' Society is formed *1740: Approximately 685,000 m of

linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...

is made in Glasgow, some of which is sent to London. Hugh and Robert Tennent take over the Drygate Brewery *1740-1741: The Foulis brothers begin printing *1742: Delft pottery is manufactured in the city *1743: The Foulis brothers become printers to the university *1745: Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) enters the city with his army; Tennents open a new

brewery A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant. The commercial brewing of b ...

in Glasgow *1749: A

stage coach A stagecoach (also: stage coach, stage, road coach, ) is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by ...

service opens between

and Glasgow *1750: There are five sugar refineries in the city *1751: The John Smith bookshop is established *1753: Foulis Academy is established at the university to promote art and

design A design is the concept or proposal for an object, process, or system. The word ''design'' refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something ...

; turnpiking of main roads from Glasgow; the city's involvement in the

tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...

trade is reflected in the naming of

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

Street *1755: The estimated population of Glasgow is 23,500 *1757: 2.2 million metres of linen are produced in the city *1760: Glasgow enjoys a wave of prosperity; there are 13 professors at Glasgow University *1762: Joseph Black discovers

latent heat Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process—usually a first-order phase transition, like melting or condensation. ...

*1763: David Dale opens a draper's shop in the city; regular coaches run from Glasgow to

Greenock Greenock (; ; , ) is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, located in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The town is the administrative centre of Inverclyde Council. It is a former burgh within the historic county of Renfrewshire, and forms ...

*1769: Tennents brewers is now a large industry;

James Watt James Watt (; 30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was f ...

patents his

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs Work (physics), mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a Cylinder (locomotive), cyl ...

condenser *1771: The Scottish economy is boosted by trade through Glasgow *1775: Trade with America in tobacco,

sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...

, and

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

– the city's prosperity is at its height *1776:

Adam Smith Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as the "father of economics"——— or ...

, a professor at Glasgow University, publishes ''

Wealth of Nations ''An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations'', usually referred to by its shortened title ''The Wealth of Nations'', is a book by the Scottish people, Scottish economist and moral philosophy, moral philosopher Adam Smith; ...

''Lynch 2001, p. 269 *1779: Mobs protest against the

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Relief Act *1780: The estimated population of Glasgow is 42,000; the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal is completed *1781: Vessels of over 30 tons can now reach Broomielaw Quay *1782-1783: The Forth and Clyde Canal enables

grain A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached husk, hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and ...

from London to ease

famine A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenom ...

in Glasgow *1783: Glasgow

Chamber of Commerce A chamber of commerce, or board of trade, is a form of business network. For example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to a ...

is founded, it is the first in Britain *1785: A

hot air balloon A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in some long-distance or high-altitude balloons, a capsule), which carri ...

ist flies from Glasgow to Hawick in the Borders; the firm of Thomsons is formed as bankers *1794: Glasgow Royal Infirmary opens *1796: The Royal Technical College (which will later become The University of Strathclyde) is founded *1798: The Merchant Banking Company of Glasgow fails *1799: Demonstrations over

bread Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cu ...

prices; trade in tobacco and

rum Rum is a liquor made by fermenting and then distilling sugarcane molasses or sugarcane juice. The distillate, a clear liquid, is often aged in barrels of oak. Rum originated in the Caribbean in the 17th century, but today it is produced i ...

declines

1800–1899

*1800: The

is 14 ft (3.1m) deep, and supports 200 wharves and jetties; there is a large Gaelic community in the city *1800: The Glasgow Police Act is passed by Parliament allowing the creation of the first modern preventative police force *1803: Dorothy Wordsworth visits Glasgow *1807: Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery opens off the high street, adjacent to the then campus of Glasgow University *1809: General Association of Operative Weavers is formed *1810-1814: Glasgow Asylum for Lunatics is built in Dobbies Loan *1813: Weavers fail in bid for fair wages *1814:

is Europe's first public park *1815: The '' Glasgow Herald'' is published twice-weekly *1817: Royal Botanic Institution of Glasgow founded by Thomas Hopkirk and others to establish a Glasgow Botanic Garden *1818: Gas street lights begin to be used in the city *1820: " Radical War"Lynch 2001, p. 270 *1825: The

, still located in the High Street, has over 1200 students and about 30 professors; 10 coaches run to

daily *1826: Glasgow City Mission, the first City Mission, is established on 1 January by David Nasmith *1827: The Argyll Arcade opens *1828: James Beaumont Neilson makes breakthrough in

-smelting technology; a total abstinence society is formed *1832: The city benefits from increased representation under the Great Reform Bill *1835–1874: The Liberals represents Glasgow in

Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

*1836: The Forth and Clyde Canal has increased traffic in goods and passengers *1837: Violent

-spinners strike; the leaders are sentenced to

transportation Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional Motion, movement of humans, animals, and cargo, goods from one location to another. Mode of transport, Modes of transport include aviation, air, land tr ...

*1841: Chartist demonstration is addressed by Fergus O'Connor *1842: Opening of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway and Glasgow Queen Street railway station; Glasgow Botanic Gardens moves to its current location *1843: Disruption of the

Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland (CoS; ; ) is a Presbyterian denomination of Christianity that holds the status of the national church in Scotland. It is one of the country's largest, having 245,000 members in 2024 and 259,200 members in 2023. While mem ...

*1844: Glasgow

Stock Exchange A stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds and other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for ...

opens *1846: Burgh boundaries are more than doubled to *1847: Swedish opera singer, Jenny Lind, performs concerts in the city *1848: 100,000 people gather on Glasgow Green to support Chartists *1849:

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...

visits the city; Buchanan Street railway station opens *1851: Glasgow becomes

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

's largest city, overtaking

, with a population of 329,096 over 18% of which were Irish-born Portland St suspension footbridge is built *1851–1854: Victoria Bridge is built at Stockwell Street *1857–1859: St Vincent Street Church is built by Alexander "Greek" Thomson *1859: Loch Katrine water supply is opened by

*1862: Dr Henry Littlejohn becomes the city's first medical officer *1865: Dr Edward William Pritchard is the last person to be publicly hanged in the city, for poisoning his wife and mother-in-law *1866: The last outbreak of Cholera in the city occurs; the City Improvement Trust clears slums and constructs new roads and buildings *1867: Queen's Park F.C. is founded *1868-1870: The

buildings at Gilmorehill are built to designs by George Gilbert Scott *1872: Rangers F.C. is founded; Glasgow's first tram line is established, running from St. George's Cross to Eglinton Toll *1876: Partick Thistle F.C. is founded *1877: Mitchell Library opens *1883: The

Boys' Brigade The Boys' Brigade (BB) is an international interdenominational Christianity, Christian youth organisation, conceived by the Scottish businessman William Alexander Smith (Boys' Brigade), Sir William Alexander Smith to combine drill and fun acti ...

is founded *1887: Celtic F.C. is founded; Glasgow Botanic Gardens management taken over by town council *1888: International Exhibition (1888) *1891
City of Glasgow Act
extends city boundaries and transfers ownership of the Botanic Gardens to the Corporation *1895: First

cremation Cremation is a method of Disposal of human corpses, final disposition of a corpse through Combustion, burning. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite and as an alternative to burial. In some countries, including India, Nepal, and ...

in Scotland's first

crematorium A crematorium, crematory or cremation center is a venue for the cremation of the Death, dead. Modern crematoria contain at least one cremator (also known as a crematory, retort or cremation chamber), a purpose-built furnace. In some countries a ...

, at the Western Necropolis *1896: Opening of the Glasgow Subway *1897: Partick Thistle F.C. establish their home ground at Meadowside

1900–1999

*1901: Glasgow International Exhibition *1902: 25

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

fans die and 587 injured in the first Ibrox disaster; magistrates attempt to prohibit young women from serving in bars *1903: Charles Rennie Mackintosh designs Miss Cranston's Willow Tearooms *1904: A fire at

North British Railway The North British Railway was one of the two biggest of the five major Scottish railway companies prior to the 1923 Grouping. It was established in 1844, with the intention of linking with English railways at Berwick. The line opened in 1846, ...

premises in Hunter Street kills firefighter William Rae *1904: The Kings' and Pavilion Theatres open *1905: Theatre Royal opens *1905–1907: The Caledonian Railway extends the Central Hotel *1906–1911: New buildings for the Mitchell Library are constructed *1909: Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Glasgow School of Art opens; Partick Thistle F.C. play their first match at their new Firhill Stadium *1911: International Exposition ( Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art and Industry) at Kelvingrove; Glasgow's population is 785,000 *1914: Emigration leads to 20,000 housing vacancies in Glasgow *1919: Large strike for a 40-hour week: a demonstration turns into a riot known as the Battle of George Square and the Sheriff of Lanarkshire requests military assistance: troops are sent from elsewhere in Scotland and from England while Glasgow soldiers are confined to barracks *1921:

Sinn Féin Sinn Féin ( ; ; ) is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The History of Sinn Féin, original Sinn Féin organisation was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffit ...

ers murder a policeman *1923: Grouping of virtually all British railway companies: the Caledonian and Glasgow and South Western Railways are merged into the

London, Midland and Scottish Railway The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSIt has been argued that the initials LMSR should be used to be consistent with London and North Eastern Railway, LNER, Great Western Railway, GWR and Southern Railway (UK), SR. The London, Midland an ...

(LMS); and the North British into the

London and North Eastern Railway The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) was the second largest (after London, Midland and Scottish Railway, LMS) of the "Big Four (British railway companies), Big Four" railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. It ope ...

(LNER) *1925: There are approximately of tramlines and 1100 trams in and around the city *1926: Violence during General Strike *1929:

Hogmanay Hogmanay ( , ) is the Scots language, Scots word for the last day of the old year and is synonymous with the celebration of the New Year in the Scottish manner. It is normally followed by further celebration on the morning of New Year's Day (1 ...

cinema fire causes stampede which kills 69 children in the Glen Cinema (Glasgow has nearly 100 cinemas) *1931: The

population peaks at 1,088,000 thus becoming Britain's 2nd biggest city; the Dental Hospital in Sauchiehall Street is built *1934: Unemployed "Hunger marchers" shunned by

Ramsay MacDonald James Ramsay MacDonald (; 12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British statesman and politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The first two of his governments belonged to the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party, where he led ...

; RMS ''Queen Mary'' launched *1935: Glasgow's subway becomes electric *1936: Overcrowding exists in 29% of Glasgow's houses *1937: Citywide automatic telephone dialling becomes available *1938: Glasgow hosts the Empire Exhibition, Scotland 1938 at Bellahouston Park *1939: World War II: Glasgow naval base opens *1940: Bombs in Glasgow hits Merkland Street subway station, closing the underground for four months, and heavy cruiser HMS ''Sussex'' while undergoing mechanical repairs keeping it out of service for two years *1941: Bombing raids on Clydebank: 500 killed *1944: Glasgow

tram A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ...

s carry about 14 million passengers *1946: Glasgow naval base closes *1949: Trolleybuses in Glasgow introduced, condemned by pedestrians as the "whispering death" *1950: Eye infirmary demolished *1951: Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD) is formed by merger *1952-1955: Union Bank of Scotland absorbed by Bank of Scotland *1955: Duke Street prison closed *1958: William Burrell dies and bequeaths the Burrell Collection to the city; Lanarkshire County Council moves its headquarters from Ingram Street to Hamilton, Scotland, Hamilton *1960: Glasgow electric British Rail Class 303, Blue Train system starts; Dame Jean Roberts is elected Glasgow's first female Lord Provost of Glasgow, Lord Provost *1962: Last route of the Glasgow Corporation Tramways closes *1964: University of Strathclyde established; Beeching Axe, Beeching closes low-level (Argyle) line *1966: Buchanan Street railway station and St Enoch railway station close *1967: Celtic F.C. first British winners of UEFA Champions League, European Cup; liner ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' launched on the Clyde; trolley-buses withdrawn *1969: Last daily steamers from Bridge Wharf *1970: M8 motorway (Scotland), M8 motorway and Kingston Bridge, Glasgow, Kingston Bridge open *1971: 66 Rangers F.C. fans die in the 1971 Ibrox disaster, second Ibrox disaster; Government refuse to save Upper Clyde Shipbuilders *1972: Rangers F.C. win 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. *1975: British Army tackle rubbish caused by dustmans strike; Glasgow becomes the home of Strathclyde Region's headquarters; the city sees the start of UK, Britain's first mass-circulation daily newspaper Worker cooperative, workers' cooperative when the ''Scottish Daily News'' opens in Albion Street in May, as well as the country's first newspaper work-in when it folds after six months *1977: Glasgow Subway closes for extensive modernisation (reopening in 1980) *1978: The Rev Geoff Shaw (minister), Geoff Shaw, first Convener of Strathclyde Regional Council (and former leader of Glasgow Corporation), dies in office aged 52 *1979-1980: Low level Argyle Line re-opens *1982: Roy Jenkins wins 1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election, Hillhead by-election for the newly formed Social Democratic Party (UK), Social Democratic Party *1983: Burrell Collection opens; launch of the Glasgow's miles better campaign *1985: Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre opens; Glasgow population is 734,000 *1988: The Glasgow Garden Festival hosts this year's National Garden Festival and attracts 4.3 million visitors. *1989: High number of Tax per head, poll tax arrears; St Enoch Centre opens *1990: Named as ''European Capital of Culture, Cultural City of Europe''; McLellan Galleries re-opens; Glasgow Royal Concert Hall completed; liner ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' returns to the river Clyde to mark the 150th anniversary of the beginning of the Cunard Line, Cunard Steam Ship Company; the world's first Robot Olympics takes place in the city *1991: Glasgow Women's Library opens *1993: Glasgow Caledonian University established; opening of the new St Mungo's Museum, the UK's only Museum of Religion, next to the city's 13th century

; barque ''Glenlee (ship), Glenlee'' is towed back from Spain to the Clyde where whe was built in 1896 *1996: Glasgow Festival of Visual Arts; opening of the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Gallery of Modern Art in the former Stirling's Library; first Glasgow International Festival of Design *1996–1999: Festival of Architecture and Design *1997: Opening of new £38 million Clyde Auditorium at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre *1999: Glasgow is UK City of Architecture and Design; Buchanan Galleries open; millennium celebrations; The Rt Hon Donald Dewar (MP and MSP for Glasgow Anniesland) become the first First Minister of Scotland

2000–2021

*2002: Final of UEFA Champion's League held at Hampden Park. Real Madrid beat Bayer Leverkusen 2–1. *2002: 2002 Glasgow floods: 200 people evacuated from Greenfield, Glasgow, Greenfield and Shettleston, contaminated water supply affects 140,000 residents across the city. *2003: Celtic F.C. reach the 2003 UEFA Cup Final in Seville. *2004: Fifteen-year-old Scottish boy Murder of Kriss Donald, Kriss Donald is abducted, tortured and murdered by Pakistani people, Scots-Pakistani gang in racially motivated attack. *2004: Stockline Plastics factory explosion, Nine people dead, 37 injured, 15 seriously. *2005: The city launches a bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games. *2006: Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum reopens after its three-year, £27.9million restoration. *2007: Final of UEFA Cup held at Hampden Park on 16 May; Scotland's first terrorist attack after the Lockerbie bombing fails at Glasgow Airport; Glasgow awarded 2014 Commonwealth Games *2008: Rangers F.C. reach the 2008 UEFA Cup Final at the City of Manchester Stadium but lose 2–0 to Zenit Saint Petersburg; Harbour Footbridge is completed. *2010: City of Glasgow College formed by merger of Central College (Glasgow), Central College, Glasgow Metropolitan College and Glasgow College of Nautical Studies. *2011: Glasgow Subway modernisation works begin with refurbishment of Hillhead subway station. *2012: Rangers F.C. enters administration on 14 February and are later liquidated. They reform and are voted into the Scottish Football League Third Division. *2012: Glasgow hosts the preliminary Association football, football matches of the 2012 Summer Olympics. *2013: 2013 Glasgow helicopter crash: A Police aviation in the United Kingdom, police helicopter crashes into the Clutha Vaults pub in central Glasgow, killing 10 and injuring 31. *2014: The Glasgow School of Art library is largely destroyed by a fire. *2014: 2014 Commonwealth Games take place in Glasgow. *2014: In the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Scottish independence referendum Glasgow votes 53.5% in favour of Scotland becoming an independent country but the national vote is 55.3% against. *2014: 2014 Glasgow bin lorry crash: A Glasgow City Council Garbage truck, bin lorry collides with pedestrians in Queen Street, Glasgow, Queen Street; 6 people are killed and 15 injured. *2016: In the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, United Kingdom European Union membership referendum Glasgow votes 66.6% in favour of remaining in the European Union but the UK-wide vote is 51.9% in favour of leaving *2016: Rangers F.C. play their first game back in the top flight of Scottish Football after being demoted to the bottom tier four years previously due to suffering serious financial difficulties; *2016: Kelvin Hall reopens after its £35million refurbishment as an art and cultural centre. *2018: A second fire breaks out at the Glasgow School of Art which also spreads to surrounding buildings including the O2 ABC Glasgow, O2 ABC. *2018: Glasgow hosts multiple sporting events including 2018 European Cycling Championships, cycling, European Artistic Gymnastics Championships, gymnastics and 2018 European Aquatics Championships, aquatics as part of the 2018 European Championships. *2021: 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP26, the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, is held at Glasgow; Hampden Park hosts four matches, including two involving the Scottish national team, at the delayed UEFA Euro 2020 tournament, in front of reduced crowds due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

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