Teinturier Agria and peeled Grenache grape

Teinturier grapes () are

grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,0 ...

s whose flesh and juice are red in colour due to

anthocyanin Anthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are solubility, water-soluble vacuole, vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart named a chemical compou ...

pigments accumulating within the pulp of the grape berry itself. In non-teinturier red grapes, anthocyanin pigments are confined to the outer skin tissue only, and the squeezed grape juice of most dark-skinned grape varieties is clear. The red color of

red wine Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored grape varieties - (red grapes.) The color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines. The juice fro ...

normally comes from anthocyanins extracted from the

macerated Maceration is the process of preparing foods through the softening or breaking into pieces using a liquid. Raw, dried or preserved fruit or vegetables are soaked in a liquid to soften the food, or absorb the flavor of the liquid into the food. ...

(crushed) skins, over a period of days during the

fermentation Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism which harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end products. Organic molecules, such as glucose or other sugars, are catabolized and reduce ...

process. The name teinturier comes from

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

, meaning "dyer".

Wines

''Teinturier'' varieties, while containing a lot of color, usually make special wines, perhaps due to a higher level of

tannin Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and Precipitation (chemistry), precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids. The term ''tannin'' is widel ...

s, compounds structurally related to the anthocyanins. Many winemakers blend small volumes of ''teinturier'' juices into their wines, to boost the colour, without dramatically impacting the taste. In addition, with the increased frequency of forest fires and the resulting risk of smoke taint in winemaking, tenteurier grapes are useful in making red wines even when the juice is pressed immediately without the skins. So a wine made in the

rosé A rosé () is a type of wine that incorporates some of the wine color, color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine. It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the Macerati ...

style from tenteurier grapes will be red rather than rosé and smoke-free (because smoke taint is present in the skins, not the pulp), no matter how smoky the area is.

Examples

Alicante Bouschet Alicante Bouschet or Alicante Henri Bouschet is a wine grape variety that has been widely cultivated since 1866. It is a cross of Petit Bouschet (itself a cross of the very old variety Teinturier du Cher and Aramon) and Grenache.Alicante Ganzin Alicante Ganzin is a red French wine grape variety. Unlike most ''Vitis vinifera'' wine grapes, Alicante Ganzin is a teinturier with dark flesh that produces red juice. Most varieties used to produce red wine, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, ...

* Black Spanish * Carolina Black Rose *

Colorino Colorino is a red Italian wine grape variety planted primarily in Tuscany (wine), Tuscany. The grape is known for its deep dark colouring and is used primarily as a colouring agent in red blends. J. Robinson ''Jancis Robinson's Wine Course' ...

* Dunkelfelder * Gamay de Bouze *

Golubok Golubok or Holubok () is a Ukrainian variety of black grape used to make red wines, most notably grown in Ukraine and southern Russia. It is also cultivated in other parts of Europe and the United States. History and origins Golubok is an in ...

Grand Noir de la Calmette Grand Noir de la Calmette (; or simply Grand noir) is a red '' teinturier'' grape variety that is a crossing of Petit Bouschet and Aramon noir created in 1855 by French grape breeder Henri Bouschet at his vineyard in Mauguio in the Héra ...

* Karmrahyut * Labelle (grape) * Maréchal Foch * Maroo Seedless *

Morrastel Bouschet Morrastel Bouschet is red French wine grape variety that is a crossing of the Spanish wine ''Vitis vinifera'' grape Graciano and the red-fleshed teinturier Bouschet Petit. The grape is often confused with its parent vine, Graciano, that is known a ...

Petit Bouschet Petit Bouschet is a red ''teinturier'' grape variety that is a crossing of Aramon noir and Teinturier du Cher created in 1824 by French grape breeder Louis Bouschet at his vineyard in Mauguio in the Hérault department. The grape was used by L ...

* Roger's Red *

Royalty Royalty may refer to: * the mystique/prestige bestowed upon monarchs ** one or more monarchs, such as kings, queens, emperors, empresses, princes, princesses, etc. *** royal family, the immediate family of a king or queen-regnant, and sometimes h ...

* Rubired *

Salvador Salvador, meaning "salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to: * Salvador (name) Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music ** ''Salvador'' ( ...

Saperavi Saperavi ( ka, საფერავი; literally "paint, dye, give color") is an acidic, teinturier-type grape variety native to the country of Georgia, where it is used to make many of the region's most well-known wines. It is also grown in ...

Tannat Tannat is a red wine grape, historically grown in South West France in the Madiran AOC, and is now one of the most prominent grapes in Uruguay, where it is considered the "national grape". Tannat is also grown in Argentina, Australia, Brazi ...

References

{{Reflist 2. Modern Grapes for the Pacific Northwest, by Kenton Erwin Red wine grape varieties