In
biochemistry
Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, a ...
, sulfotransferases (SULTs) are
transferase
In biochemistry, a transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). They are involved ...
enzyme
An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...
s that
catalyze
Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...
the transfer of a
sulfo group () from a donor molecule to an acceptor
alcohol
Alcohol may refer to:
Common uses
* Alcohol (chemistry), a class of compounds
* Ethanol, one of several alcohols, commonly known as alcohol in everyday life
** Alcohol (drug), intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages
** Alcoholic beverage, an alco ...
() or
amine
In chemistry, amines (, ) are organic compounds that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of elec ...
(). The most common sulfo group donor is
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In the case of alcohol as acceptor, the product is a
sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula . Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many ...
():
:
whereas an amine leads to a
sulfamate ():
:
Both reactive groups for a
sulfonation
In organic chemistry, aromatic sulfonation is a reaction in which a hydrogen atom on an arene is replaced by a sulfonic acid () group. Together with nitration and chlorination, aromatic sulfonation is a widely used electrophilic aromatic substi ...
via sulfotransferases may be part of a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
,
lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The functions of lipids include storing ...
,
carbohydrate
A carbohydrate () is a biomolecule composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. The typical hydrogen-to-oxygen atomic ratio is 2:1, analogous to that of water, and is represented by the empirical formula (where ''m'' and ''n'' ...
or
steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused compound, fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes t ...
.
Examples
The following are examples of sulfotransferases:
*
carbohydrate sulfotransferase:
CHST1,
CHST2,
CHST3,
CHST4,
CHST5,
CHST6,
CHST7,
CHST8,
CHST9,
CHST10,
CHST11,
CHST12,
CHST13,
CHST14
*
galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase:
GAL3ST1,
GAL3ST2,
GAL3ST3,
GAL3ST4
*
heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase:
HS2ST1
*
heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase:
HS3ST1,
HS3ST2,
HS3ST3A1,
HS3ST3B1,
HS3ST4,
HS3ST5,
HS3ST6
*
heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase:
HS6ST1,
HS6ST2,
HS6ST3
*
N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase:
NDST1,
NDST2,
NDST3,
NDST4
*
tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase:
TPST1,
TPST2
*
uronyl-2-sulfotransferase
*
Estrone sulfotransferase
*
Chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase
* other:
SULT1A1
Sulfotransferase 1A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SULT1A1'' gene.
Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cytosolic enzymes are dif ...
,
SULT1A2,
SULT1A3,
SULT1A4,
SULT1B1,
SULT1C2,
SULT1C3,
SULT1C4,
SULT1D1P,
SULT1E1,
SULT2A1
Bile salt sulfotransferase also known as hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (ST2A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SULT2A1'' gene.
Function
Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugatio ...
,
SULT2B1,
SULT4A1,
SULT6B1
See also
*
List of EC numbers (EC 2)#EC 2.8.2: Sulfotransferases
*
Wikipedia:MeSH D08#MeSH D08.811.913.817 --- sulfur group transferases .28EC 2.8.29
References
External links
*
*
{{Biochemistry-stub