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Skyactiv (styled SKYACTIV) is a brand name for a series of automobile technologies developed by
Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd. ...
that increase
fuel efficiency Fuel efficiency (or fuel economy) is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical energy, chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or Mechanical work, w ...
and engine output. The initial announcement of the Skyactiv technologies included new engines, transmissions, body, and chassis, which appeared in Mazda products from 2011 onwards.


The Mazda Sky concept

The precursor of Skyactiv, which featured a Mazda Sky-G 2.3-liter direct injection petrol engine, a Mazda Sky-D 2.2-liter diesel engine, a Sky-Drive automatic transmission, a
Mazda Kiyora The Mazda Kiyora was a concept car made by Mazda. It was first introduced at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. It was the planned next generation urban compact car intended to replace the Mazda2, although it never entered production. It was a design stu ...
with Sky-G 1.3 engine and Sky-Drive automatic transmission, was unveiled at the 40th Tokyo Motor Show in 2008. The Skyactiv concept features a revised suspension geometry, improved automatic and manual transmission, and various improvements to Mazda's L- engine such as direct injection, upgraded exhaust manifold, increased
compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine. A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. Th ...
for cleaner burn and higher
thermal efficiency In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc. For ...
, among other improvements. Mazda's previous chassis for the
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
and
Mazda6 The (known as the Mazda Atenza in Japan, derived from the Italian '' attenzione'') is a mid-size sedan produced by Mazda since 2002, replacing the long-produced Capella/626. The Mazda6 was marketed as the first example of the company's "Styli ...
were carried over to the new vehicles.


Skyactiv-G

The Skyactiv-G is a family of direct injection petrol engines. The engine compression ratio is 14:1, except in the U.S. market where it is 13:1 so the engine can operate on regular instead of premium gasoline; the lower compression ratio reduces torque and fuel economy by 3 to 5 percent. To suppress engine knock with the high compression, residual gas is reduced by using a
4-2-1 engine exhaust system In an internal combustion engine, the geometry of the exhaust system can be optimised ("tuned") to maximise the power output of the engine. Tuned exhausts are designed so that reflected pressure waves arrive at the exhaust port at a particular t ...
, implementing a piston cavity, and optimizing fuel injection. Combustion duration is shortened by intensifying air flow, increasing injection pressure, and using multi-hole injectors. This engine family uses all-aluminum construction with chain-driven dual overhead camshafts,
variable valve timing Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a Poppet valve, valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combina ...
,
gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol) which injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This is distinct f ...
, and
direct ignition A distributor is an electric and mechanical device used in the ignition system of older spark-ignition engines. The distributor's main function is to route electricity from the ignition coil to each spark plug at the correct time. Design A ...
. The engines meet US ULEV emission standards.


1.3 L

The Skyactiv-G 1.3 (P3-VPS) is a
naturally aspirated A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turboc ...
engine of
displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
, with a bore and an stroke. It was unveiled at the 2011 Automotive Engineering Exposition. Five Mazda engineers were awarded the 2011 Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Medal on April 20, 2012 for their development of this engine. It was first used in the Mazda Demio 1.3-Skyactiv—the only Skyactiv engine to be paired with a CVT. It is rated at and . Applications: * 2011–present Mazda Demio/Mazda2


1.5 L

The Skyactiv-G 1.5, designated (PR-VP RS) for RWD applications and (P5 VPS F-P5) for FWD applications, is a naturally aspirated engine with a bore and an stroke. It was introduced in the 2014 Mazda3 for the Asian and European markets. It develops at 6,000 rpm and at 4,000 rpm, as configured for certain Asian markets. It greatly improved performance and fuel economy over the MZR 1.5 engine of the previous model. Applications: * 2014–present Mazda Axela/Mazda3 * 2014–present Mazda Demio/Mazda2 * 2016–present Mazda Roadster/MX-5 * 2016–2020 Mazda2/Scion iA/Toyota Yaris (North America) * 2020–present
Mazda CX-3 The Mazda CX-3 is a subcompact crossover SUV ( B-segment) manufactured by Mazda. Based on the same platform as the third-generation Mazda2, it was revealed on 19 November 2014 ahead of the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show as a production vehicle f ...


2.0 L

The Skyactiv-G 2.0 (PE-VPS) was the first engine in the Skyactiv-G family to be produced. This naturally aspirated engine has a displacement of , with a bore and
stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain ischemia, ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage, hemor ...
of . The U.S. version has a
compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine. A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. Th ...
of 13.0:1 producing at 6000 rpm and of
torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational analogue of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). The symbol for torque is typically \boldsymbol\tau, the lowercase Greek letter ''tau''. Wh ...
at 4600 rpm. In some markets, a
Flexifuel A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol o ...
variant capable of running on E85 is available, producing and of torque. Compared to the engine in the 2011
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
(with an
automatic transmission An automatic transmission (AT) or automatic gearbox is a multi-speed transmission (mechanics), transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The 1904 ...
), fuel economy improved from to in city driving, and from to in highway driving. Applications: * 2012–present Mazda Axela/Mazda3 * 2013–present Mazda Atenza/Mazda6 * 2013–present
Mazda CX-5 The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed wi ...
* 2013–2018 Mazda Biante * 2013–2015 Mazda Premacy/Mazda5 * 2015–present
Mazda CX-3 The Mazda CX-3 is a subcompact crossover SUV ( B-segment) manufactured by Mazda. Based on the same platform as the third-generation Mazda2, it was revealed on 19 November 2014 ahead of the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show as a production vehicle f ...
* 2016–present Mazda Roadster/MX-5 * 2016–2024
Mazda CX-4 The Mazda CX-4 is a compact crossover SUV produced and sold exclusively in China. First introduced at the Beijing Motor Show in April 2016, it was originally manufactured by the joint venture FAW Mazda until 2023, when Changan Mazda acquired 10 ...
(China) * 2019–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...
* 2023–present
Mazda CX-50 The Mazda CX-50 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022 for the North American and Chinese market. Based on the same transverse, front-wheel-drive platform as the fourth-generation Mazda3 a ...
(China)


2.5 L

The Skyactiv-G 2.5 (PY-VPS) is a naturally aspirated engine first used in the 2013
Mazda 6 is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by Jujiro Matsuda. The company then acquired Ab ...
. It has an bore and a stroke. The U.S. version with 13:1 compression produces at 6,000 rpm and at 4,000 rpm. In 2023, the engine's power output was increased to , although the torque remained the same. Skyactiv-G 2.5 engines manufactured from 2018 on feature
cylinder deactivation Variable displacement is an automobile engine technology that allows the engine displacement to change, usually by deactivating cylinders, for improved fuel economy. The technology is primarily used in large multi-cylinder engines. Many automobil ...
to improve fuel economy. For the CX-60, the engine is paired with a
plug-in hybrid A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or simply plug-in hybrid is a type of hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a rechargeable battery pack that can be directly replenished via a charging cable plugged into an external electric power so ...
system which includes a electric motor and a 17.8 kWh
lithium-ion A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible Intercalation (chemistry), intercalation of Li+ ions into electronically Electrical conductor, conducting solids to store energy. Li-ion batteries are c ...
battery. Combined outputs are and . Applications: * 2013–present Mazda Atenza/Mazda6 * 2013–present
Mazda CX-5 The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed wi ...
* 2014–present Mazda Axela/Mazda3 * 2016–2025
Mazda CX-4 The Mazda CX-4 is a compact crossover SUV produced and sold exclusively in China. First introduced at the Beijing Motor Show in April 2016, it was originally manufactured by the joint venture FAW Mazda until 2023, when Changan Mazda acquired 10 ...
* 2020–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...
* 2022–present
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
* 2022–present Mazda CX-60 PHEV * 2023–present
Mazda CX-50 The Mazda CX-50 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022 for the North American and Chinese market. Based on the same transverse, front-wheel-drive platform as the fourth-generation Mazda3 a ...
* 2023–present Mazda CX-90 PHEV


2.5 L Turbo

The
turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the ...
(PY-VPTS) version of the Skyactiv-G 2.5 has a 10.5:1 compression ratio, and produces at 5,000 rpm and at 2,500 rpm on 93 AKI octane (98 RON) gasoline, and at 5,000 rpm and at 2,000 rpm on 87 AKI octane (91 RON). Maximum boost pressure is . A specially designed set of passages and
butterfly valve A butterfly valve is a valve that isolates or regulates the flow of a fluid. The closing mechanism is a disk that rotates. Principle of operation Operation is similar to that of a ball valve, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly valves ...
s act at low engine RPMs to force exhaust gases through smaller orifices, spooling the turbo more quickly and minimizing
turbo lag In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into th ...
. The engine has a unique 4-3-1 exhaust manifold to improve exhaust scavenging and a cooled
exhaust gas recirculation In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide () emissions reduction technique used in petrol engine, petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, hydrogen engines. ...
system, both designed to reduce combustion chamber temperatures and allow for increased boost with better fuel economy. On the CX-9 and CX-5 vehicles, the engine has an air-to-air intercooler, while on the Mazda3 and CX-30, an air-to-liquid intercooler is used instead, integrated into the intake manifold to save space. Applications: * 2016–2024
Mazda CX-9 The Mazda CX-9 is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by Mazda in Japan since 2006 through two generations with three-row seating, it was Mazda's largest passenger vehicle until the arrival of the CX-90. Despite being built in Japan at Mazda' ...
* 2018–present
Mazda CX-8 The Mazda CX-8 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by Mazda since the end of 2017. It is a three-row version of the CX-5. The CX-8 was Mazda's flagship SUV in Japan, as the larger, export-only CX-9 is not sold in the country. Outside of Japa ...
* 2018–2021
Mazda6 The (known as the Mazda Atenza in Japan, derived from the Italian '' attenzione'') is a mid-size sedan produced by Mazda since 2002, replacing the long-produced Capella/626. The Mazda6 was marketed as the first example of the company's "Styli ...
* 2019–present
Mazda CX-5 The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed wi ...
* 2021–present
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2021–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...
* 2023–present
Mazda CX-50 The Mazda CX-50 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022 for the North American and Chinese market. Based on the same transverse, front-wheel-drive platform as the fourth-generation Mazda3 a ...


3.3 L

The Skyactiv-G 3.3 (H3T) is a longitudinal 3.3-litre turbocharged
inline-six A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balanc ...
petrol engine with an bore and stroke. It was introduced in the
Mazda CX-90 The Mazda CX-90 is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda. It is the second vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive with longitudinal engine layout categorized as Large Product Group ...
in 2023, in two versions. They produce either and or and , respectively. The engine is available with a lower and a higher output, with slight differences in programming and requiring premium gasoline for the higher output option. If the high output version (for the CX-90 Turbo S) is filled with regular gasoline, power drops to . * 2023–present
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
* 2023–present Mazda CX-70/CX-90


Skyactiv-X

Skyactiv-X is the first commercial petrol engine to use homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), in which the fuel-air mixture ignites spontaneously when compressed by a smaller, separately ignited charge of fuel. This allows it to reach a compression ratio of 16:1, an improvement over the 14.0:1 ratio of the Skyactiv-G. The engine can operate much leaner than a conventional spark ignition engine, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This engine targets 20-30% greater fuel efficiency by utilising HCCI technology. In order to handle ignition problems caused by compression ignition, each cylinder also incorporates a spark plug featuring Spark Controlled Compression Ignition (SPCCI) technology. A small Roots-type supercharger further expands the compression ignition operating window by feeding more air into the engine, leaning out the mixture sufficiently for compression ignition even at higher speeds. SPCCI works by drawing in a lean, homogeneous air-fuel mixture, it then compresses the mixture until it approaches the point at which it would spontaneously detonate. A second injector then adds a secondary charge of fuel directly on the spark plug. This secondary charge is ignited by the spark plug, causing the cylinder pressure to very quickly rise to a point where the rest of the fuel undergoes compression ignition. The presence of the spark plug allows the engine to also operate as a spark-ignition engine under some operating conditions, such as high-speed high-load situations. Revealed June 5, 2019, the output is and . Mazda is developing an
inline-six A straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft. A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balanc ...
variant of the Skyactiv-X, with displacements of 3.0 and 3.3 liters and a rear-wheel-drive layout. It was believed that production of the new engine would begin in 2022 with the
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
and possibly a fourth generation rear-wheel drive
Mazda6 The (known as the Mazda Atenza in Japan, derived from the Italian '' attenzione'') is a mid-size sedan produced by Mazda since 2002, replacing the long-produced Capella/626. The Mazda6 was marketed as the first example of the company's "Styli ...
. However, according to
Road & Track ''Road & Track'' (stylized as ''R&T'') is an American automotive enthusiast magazine first published 1947. It is owned by Hearst Magazines and is published six times per year. The editorial offices are located in New York City. History ''Road ...
magazine, in the March 2022 edition of Autocar magazine Mazda Europe's Development & Engineering Senior Manager Joachim Kunz stated that there were no plans for a Mazda rear drive sedan, since Mazda was prioritizing SUV sales.


2.0 L

Applications: * 2019–present
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2019–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...


Skyactiv-D

Skyactiv-D is a family of turbocharged diesel engines, designed to comply with global emissions regulations. To eliminate the need of NOx and particulate treatment in contemporary diesel engines, the cylinder compression ratio is reduced to 14.0:1. Cold engine start is achieved via multi-hole piezo injectors with 3 programmable injection patterns, and adoption of ceramic glow plugs. Engine misfiring is prevented via variable valve lift at exhaust, which opens exhaust valves during the intake stroke, which in turn increases engine air temperature. The Skyactiv-D also uses a two-stage turbocharger, in which one small and one large turbo are selectively operated, according to driving conditions.


1.5 L

The Skyactiv-D 1.5 (S5-DPTS/S5-DPTR) is a engine first introduced in the fourth generation Mazda Demio/Mazda2. It features a compression ratio of 14:1.


SKYACTIV-D 1.5

Applications: * 2014–2017 Mazda Demio/Mazda2 * 2014–2018 Mazda Axela/Mazda3 * 2015–2018
Mazda CX-3 The Mazda CX-3 is a subcompact crossover SUV ( B-segment) manufactured by Mazda. Based on the same platform as the third-generation Mazda2, it was revealed on 19 November 2014 ahead of the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show as a production vehicle f ...


1.8 L

The Skyactiv-D 1.8 (S8-DPTS/S8-DPTR) is a that was introduced in the 2018 facelifted
Mazda CX-3 The Mazda CX-3 is a subcompact crossover SUV ( B-segment) manufactured by Mazda. Based on the same platform as the third-generation Mazda2, it was revealed on 19 November 2014 ahead of the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show as a production vehicle f ...
.


SKYACTIV-D 1.8

Applications: * 2018–present
Mazda CX-3 The Mazda CX-3 is a subcompact crossover SUV ( B-segment) manufactured by Mazda. Based on the same platform as the third-generation Mazda2, it was revealed on 19 November 2014 ahead of the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show as a production vehicle f ...
* 2019–present
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2019–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...


2.2 L

The Skyactiv-D 2.2 (SH-VPTS/SH-VPTR) is a engine that was the first Skyactiv-D engine used in production vehicles. It was first used in the
Mazda CX-5 The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed wi ...
. In the Mazda6, it produces and . An upgraded version of the Skyactiv-D was run in the 2013 Rolex Sports Car Series season and helped Mazda win the GX manufacturer's championship. The engine is slated to be used again in two Lola LMP2s in the United SportsCar Series. Applications: * 2012–present
Mazda CX-5 The Mazda CX-5 is a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda since 2012. A successor to both the Tribute and the slightly larger CX-7, it is Mazda's first model to feature the "Kodo" design language and the first model to be fully developed wi ...
* 2012–present
Mazda6 The (known as the Mazda Atenza in Japan, derived from the Italian '' attenzione'') is a mid-size sedan produced by Mazda since 2002, replacing the long-produced Capella/626. The Mazda6 was marketed as the first example of the company's "Styli ...
* 2013–2018
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2017–present
Mazda CX-8 The Mazda CX-8 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by Mazda since the end of 2017. It is a three-row version of the CX-5. The CX-8 was Mazda's flagship SUV in Japan, as the larger, export-only CX-9 is not sold in the country. Outside of Japa ...


3.3 L

The Skyactiv-D 3.3 is a longitudinally positioned, inline-six engine that was introduced in the
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
in 2022. Applications: * 2022–present
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
* 2023–present
Mazda CX-90 The Mazda CX-90 is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda. It is the second vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive with longitudinal engine layout categorized as Large Product Group ...


Unique technology

The Skyactiv-D is the first low compression diesel in a production car, having a significantly lower compression in the first generation of 14:1 rather than typical compression ratios of 16:1 and beyond. Numerous university studies have investigated the benefits of low compression diesel for decades, with the major benefit, noted in single cylinder university tests, being a drastic reduction in NOx emissions while also reducing particulate matter and combustion noise. These studies all concluded that while there were noticeable reductions in emissions, this came at the expense of difficult cold starts. Mazda resolved this in the Skyactiv-D by using piezoelectric fuel injectors with multiple nozzles that change their pattern depending on operating conditions. Furthermore, exhaust valves are left slightly open as the engine starts, causing exhaust gases to be sucked into the cylinders and help the engine warm up quickly.


Early issues

The CX-5 with Skyactiv-D engines were reported to have oil levels rising earlier than expected upon release, which required owners to check the vehicle's engine oil every 1000 kilometres or every month and return to the dealer if the oil appeared over the level of the dipstick. This procedure was initiated by Mazda worldwide as a precaution. Mazda resolved the issue in the first few months of the engine's availability via a software revision and a new dipstick with a corrected level. This was later found out to be false, the core issue being the injector seals – the method Mazda employed to secure these did not result in sufficient clamping force whenever a low-temperature Diesel Particulate Filter regeneration cycle was triggered, leading to exhaust leaking into the valvecover and contaminating the oil. In addition, it also overpressurized the engine block resulting in high volumes of unmetered fuel/oil mixture re-entering the combustion chamber. The end result was either a clogged oil pickup resulting in engine failure, or a very costly feedback loop of extreme cylinder pressures, clogged up intake manifold, ash filled particulate filter, the exhaust- and intake manifold pressure sensors, and a skyrocketing fuel consumption due to near constant regeneration cycles. Mazda officially refuses to acknowledge this, except for the Australian market, even though there are several different Mazda Service Information documents on the issue, and resolving it. Most notably M001/007A which documents the new SHY1-13-148A injector nut/washer fastening procedure.


Emission standards and tests

At launch in 2012, Mazda claimed the Skyactiv-D engine would only comply with Euro 5 emission standards (NOx of 0.18 g/km), and further work was required to achieve stricter emission standards. In the aftermath of the
Volkswagen emissions scandal The Volkswagen emissions scandal, sometimes known as Dieselgate or Emissionsgate, began in September 2015, when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German automaker Vol ...
, the Japanese government performed testing of all diesel engines produced in Japan to ensure Japanese manufacturers were not falsifying emissions as had been done by Volkswagen. It was determined that the Skyactiv-D engine was the only engine which tested at or near the standard.


Achieving US EPA emission standards

At the 2019 New York Motor show, Mazda announced that it would commence pre-sales of the 2019 CX-5 with the Skyactiv-D 2.2L engine. Changes required to achieve the US EPA emissions standards, however, resulted in significant performance and economy penalties when compared with the Euro 5 compliant engine, as illustrated below. The Euro stage V compliant Australian Skyactiv-D 2.2L has the following specifications: * Power: @ 4,500 rpm * Torque: @ 2,000 rpm * Fuel consumption (Australian ADR 81/02) ** Combined 5.7 L/100 km (41.3 mpg) ** City 6.5 L/100 km (36.2 mpg) ** Highway 5.2 L/100 km (45.2 mpg) The US EPA compliant US Skyactiv-D 2.2l has the following specifications: * Power: @ 4,000 rpm * Torque: @ 2,000 rpm * EPA Estimated fuel economy: ** City ** Highway


Recall

In September 2016, Mazda recalled 130,000 vehicles in Japan over a defect that could lead to diesel engine failure. Although most problems were fixed later on, the 2.2 suffered from bad carbon build up that would block the intake manifold. Other faults include a turbo diversion valve failure that required replacement of the complete twin turbo unit. Mazda recalled the 2012 to 2018 model year diesel Mazda 3, Mazda 6 and CX-5 because of a build-up of carbon deposits.


Skyactiv-Hybrid

The Skyactiv-Hybrid technology is an electric hybrid engine technology using Skyactiv-G engine with technology from Toyota's
Hybrid Synergy Drive Hybrid Synergy Drive system (HSD), also known as Toyota Hybrid System II, is the brand name of Toyota Motor Corporation for the hybrid car drive train technology used in vehicles with the Toyota and Lexus marques. First introduced on the Toyota ...
, originally licensed for use with the Sky engine for vehicles sold in 2013. The first retail Mazda Skyactiv-Hybrid vehicle, a
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
Skyactiv-Hybrid with Skyactiv-G 2.0 engine with 14:1 compression, was unveiled at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show.


Skyactiv-CNG

The Skyactiv-CNG engine is powered by compressed natural gas. The first retail Mazda Skyactiv-CNG prototype vehicle, a Mazda3 Skyactiv-CNG Concept, was unveiled in 2013 Tokyo Motor Show.


Skyactiv-R

The Skyactiv-R engine is Mazda's new generation
rotary engine The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration. The engine's crankshaft remained stationary in operation, while the entire crankcase and its ...
. The Mazda RX-Vision Concept, powered by a Skyactiv-R rotary engine, was unveiled in 2015 Tokyo Motor Show. In 2023, Mazda unveiled the first production version of this generation of rotary engines. Used in the Mazda MX-30 R-EV, the engine provides at 4500rpm and has a displacement of 830 cc in a single-rotor design.


e-Skyactiv

e-Skyactiv is the battery-electric powertrain. Applications: * 2020–present
Mazda MX-30 The Mazda MX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda and sold as a battery electric (BEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV) or mild hybrid (MHEV) variant. Based on the CX-30, it was unveiled at the 2019 Tokyo Motor Show. Production of the ve ...


e-Skyactiv-G

e-Skyactiv-G is the first Mild Hybrid powertrain. Applications: * 2019–present
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2019–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...


Skyactiv-Drive

Skyactiv-Drive is a family of automatic transmissions named SKY-Drive. Mazda rejected
dual-clutch A dual-clutch transmission (DCT) (sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch transmission) is a type of multi-speed vehicle transmission system, that uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets. The design is often similar to two separa ...
technology in automatic transmissions because the dual-clutch behavior in certain situations was sub-optimal. Instead, Mazda chose to re-design the conventional
automatic transmission An automatic transmission (AT) or automatic gearbox is a multi-speed transmission (mechanics), transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The 1904 ...
, making the
torque converter A torque converter is a device, usually implemented as a type of fluid coupling, that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission, the ...
take less duty while a
multi-plate clutch A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a motor, while the clutch's output shaft is connected to the mechanism that does th ...
disengages the torque converter most of the time. The new Skyactiv automatic transmission is designed to have six or eight gears forward, one reverse gear, a short torque converter, and a clutch integrated with the torque converter.


Skyactiv-MT

Skyactiv-MT is a family of manual transmissions. To achieve lighter shift effort with a short shift lever stroke, the lever ratio is increased. However, to overcome the shorter internal stroke, a small module spline is used. Shift throws are reduced by 15 percent, making it the shortest shifting of any passenger car. To reduce weight, the triple-shafted gear train is designed with the reverse and first gears on the same shaft, and uses a shorter secondary shaft.


Skyactiv Multi-Solution Scalable Architecture

The Skyactiv Multi-Solution Scalable Architecture is a
car platform A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques. It is prac ...
that supports both front-wheel drive models with a
transverse engine A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front-wheel drive vehicles use this arrangement. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal ...
layout (under the Small Product Group) and rear-wheel drive cars with a
longitudinal engine In automotive engineering, a longitudinal engine is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, from front to back. See also: transverse engine Use This type of motor is usually used fo ...
layout (under the Large Product Group).


Small Product Group

The Small Product Group is a
front-wheel drive Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of internal combustion engine, engine and transmission (mechanics), transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature ...
and
all-wheel drive An all-wheel drive vehicle (AWD vehicle) is one with a powertrain capable of providing power to all its wheels, whether full-time or on-demand. Types The most common forms of all-wheel drive are: ;1x1 : All unicycles Reflects one axle with ...
car platform designed with a transverse engine layout. Applications: * 2019–present
Mazda3 The (known as the in China and Japan (first three generations), a combination of "accelerate" and "excellent") is a compact car manufactured by Mazda, available as a 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan across all generations. It was first in ...
* 2019–present
Mazda CX-30 The Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima (town), Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan. The ...
* 2020–present
Mazda MX-30 The Mazda MX-30 is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Mazda and sold as a battery electric (BEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV) or mild hybrid (MHEV) variant. Based on the CX-30, it was unveiled at the 2019 Tokyo Motor Show. Production of the ve ...
* 2022–present
Mazda CX-50 The Mazda CX-50 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022 for the North American and Chinese market. Based on the same transverse, front-wheel-drive platform as the fourth-generation Mazda3 a ...


Large Product Group

The Large Product Group is a
rear-wheel drive Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-whee ...
and all-wheel drive car platform designed with a longitudinal engine layout. Applications: * 2022–present
Mazda CX-60 The Mazda CX-60 is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda since 2022. It is the first vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive platform with longitudinal engine layout categorised as Large Prod ...
* 2023–present
Mazda CX-90 The Mazda CX-90 is a full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda. It is the second vehicle to use Mazda's rear- and all-wheel drive with longitudinal engine layout categorized as Large Product Group ...
* 2024–present Mazda CX-70 * 2024–present
Mazda CX-80 The Mazda CX-80 is a mid-size crossover SUV with three-row seating produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda with production set to commence in 2024. Based on the shorter, five-seater CX-60, the CX-80 is the fourth vehicle to use Mazda's rear- ...


References


External links


Mazda SkyActiv Technology pageMazda Canada SkyActiv Technology page
{{Mazda vehicles Gasoline engines by model Diesel engines by model Automotive engine technologies Diesel engine technology Mazda engines Mazda Technologies Straight-four engines Straight-six engines Automatic transmission tradenames