The Senyera is a

vexillological symbol Vexillological symbols are used by vexillologists to indicate certain characteristics of flags, such as where they are used, who uses them, and what they look like. The symbols were created by vexillologist Whitney Smith and then adopted by the ...

based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a yellow field. This

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

, often called ''bars of Aragon'', or simply ''"the four bars"'', historically represented the

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

of the

Crown of Aragon The Crown of Aragon (, ) ;, ; ; . was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona (later Principality of Catalonia) and ended as a consequence of the War of the Sp ...

. The senyera pattern is currently in the flag of four Spanish

autonomous communities The autonomous communities () are the first-level administrative divisions of Spain, created in accordance with the Spanish Constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy to the nationalities and regions that make up Spa ...

(

Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and ; ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces of Spain, ...

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

, the

Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...

, and the

Valencian Community The Valencian Community is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community after Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid wit ...

), and is the flag of the historically Catalan-speaking city of

Alghero Alghero (; ; ; ) is a city of about 45,000 inhabitants in the Italian province of Sassari in the north west of the island of Sardinia, next to the Mediterranean Sea. The city's name comes from ''Aleguerium'', which is a mediaeval Latin word m ...

( Catalan: ''L'Alguer'') in

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...

, Italy. It is also used on the

coat of arms of Spain A coat is typically an outer clothing, garment for the upper body, worn by any gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front, and closing by means of Button (clothing), buttons, zippers, Hook-and-loo ...

, the

of the

Pyrénées-Orientales Pyrénées-Orientales (; ; ; ), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a departments of France, department of the Regions of France, region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spain, Spanish ...

department and of

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), also known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen Regions of France, administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the Metropolitan France, mainland. The main P ...

, the flag of

Roussillon Roussillon ( , , ; , ; ) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and French Cerdagne, part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of ' ...

, Capcir, Vallespir, and

Provence Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...

in France, on the coat of arms of Andorra, and on the local flags of many municipalities belonging to these territories. The Senyera (sometimes together with the flag of Andorra) is also used informally in Catalonia to represent the

Catalan language Catalan () is a Western Romance languages, Western Romance language and is the official language of Andorra, and the official language of three autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic I ...

. It is also a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

(in Catalan ''Senyal Reial or Senyera'' and old Spanish ''Señal Real or Señera'') for ''Royal Flag'', although the word normally refers to the Aragonese and Catalan flags. Also in Aragonese, it is usually referred to as ''O Sinyal d'Aragón'', i.e. "The Sign of Aragón".

Origin and history

The Senyera is one of the oldest

flag A flag is a piece of textile, fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and fla ...

s in Europe still used in the present. There are several theories advocating either a purely

ese or a purely Catalan origin for the symbol. The ''

Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa The ''Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa'' (''Great Aragonese Encyclopedia'', commonly abbreviated ''GEA'') is a Spanish language, Aragon-themed, encyclopedia. It was first published in 1981, under the direction of Eloy Fernández Clemente. In 1999, Pren ...

'' states that its first material undisputed evidence dates back to a royal seal of

Alfonso II of Aragon Alfonso II (1–25 March 1157Benito Vicente de Cuéllar (1995)«Los "condes-reyes" de Barcelona y la "adquisición" del reino de Aragón por la dinastía bellónida» p. 630-631; in ''Hidalguía''. XLIII (252) pp. 619–632."Alfonso II el Casto, h ...

(1159), and that all evidence about a "Catalan" origin is debatable since historically nothing can be accepted other than the concept of "Barcelonès", and understanding that as allusive to the

House of Barcelona The House of Barcelona was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the Crown of Aragon from 1137 (as kings from 1162) until 1410. They descend from the Bellonids, the descendants of Wilfred the Hairy. Th ...

(

Counts of Barcelona The count of Barcelona (, , , ) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages of Barcelona, Usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as Prince#Prince as generic for ruler, p ...

), and then, nothing referring to the ancient geographical area known as ''Cathalania'', ''Catalonie'' (Catalonia) where the County of Barcelona was found. The '' Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana'' (1968) claims that the first appearance of the flag is in the arms of the tomb of Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona, died in 1082 as well as later in the seals of

Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenguer IV (; c. 1114 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV), sometimes called ''the Saint'', was the count of Barcelona and the consort of Aragon who brought about the union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of ...

of Barcelona and III of Provence in Provençal (1150) and then in Catalan (1157) documents. Besides, amongst the ancient manuscripts preserved today in Poblet Monastery is found a ''carte plegada on son tots los Reys d'Arago e Comtes de Barchinona figurats'', a genealogical roll of the Kings of Aragon and Counts of Barcelona commissioned between 1396 and 1400 by King Martin I of Aragon. In the document, the four red stripes on a golden background appears only in the royal images painted of Wilfred the Hairy Count of Barcelona (878–897),

(1131–1162), King Martin I of Aragon (1356–1410) and King Martin I of Sicily (1390–1409). So it may suggest the ''Four Red Bars on Golden Background'' emblem was believed to belong to the

and the

in times of the initial dynasty (1164–1410) who ruled the Crown of Aragon. Furthermore, the Pennon of the Conquest of

Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...

is documented as the world's oldest extant flag, dating from 1238, even though the yellow part was originally white, but the red stripes design was the same. The Government of Catalonia states about its official symbols that it may derive from 11th century or 12th century pre-heraldic symbols and the

County of Barcelona The County of Barcelona (, ) was a polity in northeastern Iberian Peninsula, originally located in the southern frontier region of the Carolingian Empire. In the 10th century, the Counts of Barcelona progressively achieved independence from F ...

's coat of arms, in which the yellow and red bars were vertical, while horizontal in the flag. The dynastic coat of arms became also the one for the lands ruled by the counts. It is thus present in the flags and shields of the territories that once were part of the

and also in the arms of

Andorra Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a Sovereignty, sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees in Southwestern Europe, Andorra–France border, bordered by France to the north and Spain to A ...

, Provence-Côte d'Azur and

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

among others. Another version is that the Kings of Aragon used and adopted the colours of the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

in their own coat of arms as a public and notorious submission to the

Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

, something which the County of Barcelona would have followed shortly after according to this version. The colours for the city of

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, which in those times was controlled by the

, were the same. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', the flag of the

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

's Navy from the 12th century on consisted of two vertical red and yellow bands, sometimes bearing the

tiara A tiara (, ) is a head ornament adorned with jewels. Its origins date back to ancient Greco-Roman world. In the late 18th century, the tiara came into fashion in Europe as a prestigious piece of jewelry to be worn by women at formal occasions ...

and the keys. According to the

Vatican Vatican may refer to: Geography * Vatican City, an independent city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy * Vatican Hill, in Rome, namesake of Vatican City * Ager Vaticanus, an alluvial plain in Rome * Vatican, an unincorporated community in the ...

official website, the yellow and red of the flag of the Holy See were two colours traditional of the Roman Senate and People. This ancient flag can still be seen on the

Capitoline Hill The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( ; ; ), between the Roman Forum, Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. The hill was earlier known as ''Mons Saturnius'', dedicated to the god Saturn (mythology), Saturn. The wo ...

, near the

Roman Forum A forum (Latin: ''forum'', "public place outdoors", : ''fora''; English : either ''fora'' or ''forums'') was a public square in a municipium, or any civitas, of Ancient Rome reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, alon ...

. The Papal States changed its colours in 1808 to the present yellow and white, while the City of

sticks to the old colours to this day. We can reject this theory based on the works of Geronimo de Blancas, chronicler of the Kingdom of Aragon, 1585. This author reports that Pope Innocent III after crowning the King Pedro II (the Catholic) accepted that Aragon was a tributary kingdom of the Apostolic See. To compensate for this gesture the Pope appointed King Peter II Gonfalonier of the Church and that the Church's banner had the colours of the crown of Aragon. The Almogavars of the Catalan Company used a royal pennon with the arms of the Kings of Aragon when campaigning in the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...

. It was used as ensign of the Aragonese Navy from 1263 to 1516. The Senyera overlooks Barcelona

The plain version of this was used as official flag of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia during the

Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII. ...

and since the

Spanish transition to democracy The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as (; ) or (), is a period of History of Spain, modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system ...

. In its plain version, it is also used in the French ''département'' of

(

Northern Catalonia Northern Catalonia, North Catalonia or French Catalonia is the Catalan language, Catalan-speaking and cultural territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 in exchange for France's effective renu ...

), part of the former

Principality of Catalonia The Principality of Catalonia (; ; ; ) was a Middle Ages, medieval and early modern state (polity), state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. During most of its history it was in dynastic union with the Kingdom of Aragon, constituting together ...

until 1659. It is also used as the flag of

, a distinct region with historic ties to the Counts of Barcelona and the Crown of Aragon. The

blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct an accurate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The visual d ...

of this standard version is ''Or, four bars Gules''.

Modern usage

The senyera pattern is nowadays in the flag of four Spanish

: without any change for

, and, with variations, for the territories of the former kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon:

proper, the

and

(while the latter two are modern interpretations, the Valencian ''Senyera Coronada'' does originate back to

medieval times In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and t ...

). It also forms the basis of various unofficial versions, such as the blue or red

estelada The Estelada (; pl. ''Estelades''; full name ''Senyera estelada'', , from ''estel'', "star") is a flag flown by Catalan independence, Catalan independence supporters to express their support for an independent Catalonia or independent ''Països ...

used by

Catalan independence The Catalan independence movement (; ; ) is a Social movement, social and political movement with roots in Catalan nationalism that seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain. While proposals, organizations and individuals advocating for Ca ...

supporters. Camp Nou during El Clasico October 2012

The senyera is also the basis for the

, the flag of the pays of

in France, and one quarter of the Coat of arms of Andorra. Dozens of municipalities belonging to these territories base their local flags on the Senyera as well.

Origin legends

According to a 14th-century

legend A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess certain qualities that give the ...

, the flag dates back from the 9th century, when the four red bars were drawn, as an act of gratitude, on Wilfred I the Hairy's (

Count of Barcelona The count of Barcelona (, , , ) was the ruler of the County of Barcelona and also, by extension and according with the Usages of Barcelona, Usages and Catalan constitutions, of the Principality of Catalonia as Prince#Prince as generic for ruler, p ...

) golden shield by king

Charles the Bald Charles the Bald (; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as CharlesII, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a series of civil wars during t ...

's fingers drenched with blood from the Count's war wounds prior to Wilfred's death in 897 during the siege of Barcelona by Lobo ibn Mohammed, the Moorish governor of

Lleida Lleida (, ; ; '' see below'') is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital and largest town in Segrià county, the Ponent region and the province of Lleida. Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. It ...

. This legend would relate the emblem unambiguously to the Counts of Barcelona title. However, Charles the Bald had died 20 years earlier, in 877. Romantic-driven Catalan nationalists were particularly keen on this legend during the Renaixença, in the 19th century, albeit it has always been recognized and divulged as such even in patriotic circles. Another version of this legend cites

Louis the Pious Louis the Pious (; ; ; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only ...

as the king drawing the bars during the conquest of Barcelona, in this version drawing them in a golden shield, but Louis died before Guifré was born. Also, Barcelona was conquered long before the events described on the legend. Another medieval variant of the legend features Ramon Berenguer painting the bars with his own blood on a yellow shield, with the yellow field of the shield being the arms of Aragon before his marriage.

Variations

There are a few variations in the official flags of other territories. For instance, in Aragon an extra

coat-of-arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achiev ...

, in Balearic Islands a

castle A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private ...

in the canton, and in València a blue crowned fringe on the hoist.

Current official territorial flags

Countries

File:Flag of Andorra.svg,

File:Flag of Spain.svg,

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

NUTS 1 The Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS, for the French ) is a geocode standard for referencing the administrative divisions of countries for statistical purposes. The standard was developed by the European Union. There ...
/ NUTS 2

File:Flag of Aragon.svg,

File:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg,

File:Flag of Catalonia.svg,

File:Flag of Région Occitanie (symbol only).svg,

Occitania Occitania is the historical region in Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes used as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses much of the southern third of France (except ...

(France) File:Flag of Provence-Alpes-Cote dAzur.svg,

(France) File:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg,

( Reial Senyera)

NUTS 3

File:Flag of Barcelona (province).svg,

Province of Barcelona Barcelona (; ) is a province of eastern Spain, in the center of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The province is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Lleida, and Girona, and by the Mediterranean Sea. Its area is .Province of Catanzaro (Italy) File:Bandera de Formentera.svg, Formentera File:Bandera antiga de la provincia de Girona.svg,

Province of Girona The Province of Girona ( ; ) is a Provinces of Spain, province in the northeastern part of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered on the northwest by the province of Lleida, on the southwest ...

File:Flag of Huesca (province).svg,

Province of Huesca Huesca (; ), officially Huesca/Uesca, is a province of northeastern Spain, in northern Aragon. The capital is Huesca. Positioned just south of the central Pyrenees, Huesca borders France and the French departments of Haute-Garonne, Pyrénées- ...

File:Ibiza flag.svg,

Ibiza Ibiza (; ; ; #Names and pronunciation, see below) or Iviza is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea off the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. It is 150 kilometres (93 miles) from the city of Valencia. It is the third largest of th ...

File:Flag of the Province of Lecce.svg,

Province of Lecce The province of Lecce (; Salentino: ) is a province in the Apulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lecce. The province is called the "Heel of Italy". Located on the Salento peninsula, it is the second most-populous province in Ap ...

(Italy) File:Bandera de la provincia de Lérida1.svg,

Province of Lleida The Province of Lleida (; ; ) is one of the four provinces of Catalonia. It lies in northeastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia, and is bordered by the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona, Zarag ...

File:Bandera de la provincia de Lérida3.svg, Province of Lleida (variant) File:Flag of Mallorca.svg,

Mallorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The capital of the island, Palma, Majorca, Palma, i ...

File:Bandera de Menorca.svg,

Menorca Menorca or Minorca (from , later ''Minorica'') is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca. Its capital is Maó, situated on the isl ...

File:Flag of the Department of Pyrénées-Orientales.svg,

(France) File:Flag of the province of Reggio Calabria.svg,

Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria () is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Calabria region of Italy. It comprises the territory of the city of Reggio Calabria and 97 other ''comuni'' (: ''comune'') in the hin ...

(Italy) File:Bandera de la provincia de Salamanca.svg,

Province of Salamanca Salamanca () is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It ...

File:Bandera actual de la provincia de Tarragona.svg,

Province of Tarragona Tarragona (; ) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Castellón, Teruel, Zaragoza, Lleida and Barcelona and by the Mediterranean Sea. The province's po ...

File:Flag of Teruel (province).svg, Province of Teruel File:Flag of Zaragoza province (with coat of arms).svg, Province of Zaragoza

Geographical regions

File:Flag of Provence.svg, Flag of

(France) File:Flag-Val d'Aran.svg,

Val d'Aran Aran (; ; ) (often known as the Aran Valley, or Val d'Aran in Aranese Occitan; in other forms of Occitan: ''Vath d'Aran'' or ''Vau d'Aran'', in Catalan: ''Vall d'Aran'', in Spanish: ''Valle de Arán'') is an autonomous administrative entity (form ...

Municipalities

File:Flag of Abanilla.svg, Abanilla,

Murcia Murcia ( , , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the Capital (political), capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities#By population, seventh largest city i ...

File:Bandera de Albelda.svg, Albelda File:Bandera del Campell.svg, Alcampell File:Bandera Alcaniz.svg, Alcañiz File:Bandera de Alcorisa.svg, Alcorisa File:Flag of Catalonia.svg,

(Italy) File:Bandera del Torricó.svg, Altorricón File:Flag of Altura Spain.svg, Altura File:Bandera d'Aitona.svg, Aitona File:Bandera d'Alacant.svg, Alacant File:Bandera oficial histórica de la ciudad de Alcoy.png, Alcoi File:Bandera d'Altea.svg, Altea File:Bandera d'Alzira.svg, Alzira File:Bandera d'Amposta.svg,

Amposta Amposta () is the capital of the ''comarca'' of Montsià, in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, 190 km south of Barcelona on the Mediterranean Coast. It is located at 8 metres above sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shorten ...

File:Flag of Argentona.svg, Argentona File:Bandera Badalona.svg,

Badalona Badalona (, , , ) is a municipality in Barcelonès county, in Catalonia (Spain). It is located to the north east of Barcelona, on the left bank of the Besòs River and on the Mediterranean Sea, in the Barcelona metropolitan area. By population, ...

File:Flag of Balaguer.svg, Balaguer File:Flag of Barcelona.svg, City of Barcelona File:Bandera de Barraques.svg, Barracas File:Bandera de Benavarri.svg,

Benabarre Benabarre (), in Ribagorçan dialect, Ribagorçan and Aragonese dialect, Aragonese: Benavarri () is a town and municipality in the Aragonese Comarcas of Aragon, comarca of Ribagorza (comarca), Ribagorza, in the province of Huesca, Spain. Benabarr ...

File:Senyera de Benetússer.svg, Benetússer File:Bandera de Beniarbeig.svg, Beniarbeig File:Bandera de Benicàssim.svg, Benicàssim File:Bandera de Benissa.svg, Benissa File:Bandera de Banyeres de Mariola.svg, Banyeres de Mariola File:Berga Spain.svg,

Berga Berga () is the capital of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered by the municipalities of Cercs, Olvan, Avià, Capolat and Castellar del Riu. History Berga de ...

File:Bandera de Besalú.svg, Besalú File:Bandera de Betxí.svg, Betxí File:Bandera de Blancafort.svg, Blancafort File:Bandera de Bunyol.svg,

Buñol Buñol is a town and municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain. The municipality has an area of some 112 km2, and is situated approximately 38 km west of the provincial and autonomous community capital city, Valencia. It lies alon ...

File:Bandera de Borriana.svg, Borriana File:Bandera de Caldes de Montbui.svg, Caldes de Montbui File:Bandera Cambrils.png, Cambrils File:BanderaCamós.png, Camós File:Flag of Campos.svg, Campos File:Bandera de Canet de Mar.png, Canet de Mar File:Bandera de Cardedeu.svg, Cardedeu File:Bandera de Castelló (la Ribera).svg, Castelló File:Bandera de Castelló de la Plana-2.svg, Castelló de la Plana File:Bandera de Castelló d'Empúries.svg,

Castelló d'Empúries Castelló d'Empúries () is a town and municipality in the Alt Empordà in Province of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It lies 9 km east of Figueres. History In 1079, Castelló d'Empúries became the capital of the County of Empúries, Emp ...

File:Bandera de Castellví de la Marca.svg, Castellví de la Marca File:Bandera de Caudiel.svg, Caudiel File:Bandera de Cerdanyola del Vallès.svg,

Cerdanyola del Vallès Cerdanyola del Vallès () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Vallès Occidental in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the north side of the Collserola ridge. The town is served by the A-7 and C-58 motorways, the N-150 road and the Ren ...

File:Bandera de Cervera.svg,

Cervera Cervera () is the capital of the '' comarca'' of Segarra, in the province of Lleida, Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain. The title Comte de Cervera is a courtesy title, formerly part of the Crown of Aragon, that has been revived for Leonor ...

File:Bandera de Corçà.svg, Corçà File:Bandera Cornellà.svg, Cornellà de Llobregat File:Bandera de Cretas (Teruel).svg, Cretas File:Flag of Crevillente Spain.svg, Crevillent File:Bandera de Cubelles.svg,

Cubelles Cubelles () is a municipality in Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona, Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, ...

File:Flag of Cunit.svg, Cunit File:Bandera del Puig.svg, El Puig de Santa Maria File:Bandera dels Prats de Rei.png, Els Prats de Rei File:Flag of Elx.svg, Elx File:Bandera de Felanich (Islas Baleares).svg,

Felanitx Felanitx () is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of the Balearic Islands, located in the southeast of Majorca, 48 kilometres (30 miles) from the capital Palma, Majo ...

File:Bandera de Figueres.svg, Figueres File:Bandera de Fraga.svg, Fraga File:Bandera de Gaià.svg, Gaià File:Bandera de Gavà.svg, Gavà File:Bandera de Geldo.svg, Geldo File:Bandera de Girona.svg,

Girona Girona (; ) is the capital city of the Province of Girona in the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, at the confluence of the Ter, Onyar, Galligants, and Güell rivers. The city had an official population of 106,476 in 2024, but the p ...

File:Flag of Ibi Spain.svg, Ibi File:Flag of Igualada.png,

Igualada Igualada () is a municipality and capital of Anoia county in Penedès, Catalonia, Spain. It is located on the left bank of the Anoia River and at the western end of the Igualada-Martorell-Barcelona Railway. Igualada is the capital and central ...

File:Flag of Inca.svg,

Inca The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (, ), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The History of the Incas, Inca ...

File:Bandera de Xèrica.svg, Jérica File:Bandera de Juyá (Gerona).svg, Juià File:Bandera de la Llosa de Ranes.svg, La Llosa de Ranes File:Bandera de Lascuarre.svg, Lascuarre File:Bandera de La Vall de Gallinera.svg, La Vall de Gallinera File:Bandera de les Alqueries.svg, Les Alqueries File:Bandera de les Borges Blanques.svg, Les Borges Blanques File:Bandera de Les Franqueses del Vallès.svg, Les Franqueses del Vallès File:Bandera de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat.svg,

L'Hospitalet de Llobregat L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (; ), often shortened to L'Hospitalet or just L'H, is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Barcelonès Comarques of Catalonia, ''comarca'', in Catalonia (Spain). It is part of the Barcelona metropolitan area, ...

File:Flag of Lleida.svg,

File:Bandera de Lluchmayor (Islas Baleares).svg, Llucmajor File:Bandera de Llubí (Islas Baleares).svg, Llubí File:Bandera de Macastre.svg, Macastre File:Bandera de Manacor (Islas Baleares).svg,

Manacor Manacor () is a town and Municipalities of Spain, municipality on the island of Mallorca, part of the Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. It is the second-largest town in Mallorca, after the capi ...

File:Bandera de Manresa fosca.svg,

Manresa Manresa () is the capital of Bages county, located in the central region of Catalonia, Spain. Crossed by the river Cardener, it is an industrial area with textile, metallurgical, and glass industries. The houses of Manresa are arranged aro ...

File:Bandera de Mahón (Islas Baleares).svg, Maó File:Bandera de Massamagrell.svg, Massamagrell File:Bandera de Montuiri (Islas Baleares).svg, Montuïri File:Bandera d'Olost.svg, Olost File:Bandera d'Olot.svg,

Olot Olot (; ) is the capital city of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The city is known for its natural landscape, including four volcanoes scattered around the city center. The municipali ...

File:Bandera de Ontiñena.svg, Ontiñena File:Siñal d'Aragón.svg, Ontinyent File:Flag of Onda Spain.svg,

Onda Onda or Ondas may refer to: Places * Onda, Arkansas, an unincorporated community in Washington County * Onda, Castellón, a municipality of province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain * Onda, Bankura, a village in Bankura district, West Ben ...

File:Bandera d'Oriola (anvers).png,

Orihuela Orihuela (; ''Corpus Toponímic Valencià''. Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. 2009, València.) is a city and municipality located at the foot of the Sierra de Orihuela mountains in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain. The c ...

File:Flag of Mallorca.svg, Palma File:Bandera de Pardines.svg, Pardines File:Bandera de Parets del Vallès.svg, Parets del Vallès File:Bandera de Pedreguer.svg, Pedreguer File:Bandera de Pina.svg,

Pina de Montalgrao Pina de Montalgrao, or simply Pina, is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Alto Palancia, Castellón, Valencia, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 148 inhabitants.Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) T ...

File:Bandera de Planes.svg, Planes File:Bandera de Porreres.jpg, Porreres File:Bandera de Prades.svg, Prades File:Bandera de Puçol.svg, Puçol File:Bandera de Sagunt.svg, Sagunt File:Bandera de Salamanca1.svg,

Salamanca Salamanca () is a Municipality of Spain, municipality and city in Spain, capital of the Province of Salamanca, province of the same name, located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located in the Campo Charro comarca, in the ...

File:Bandera de San Germán.svg, San Germán (Puerto Rico) File:Bandera de Santa Eugènia.svg, Santa Eugènia File:Bandera Sant Cugat del Vallès.png, Sant Cugat del Vallès File:Bandera de Sant Feliu de Buixalleu.svg, Sant Feliu de Buixalleu File:Bandera de Sant Feliu de Pallerols.svg,

Sant Feliu de Pallerols Sant Feliu de Pallerols () is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of and the population in 2014 was 1,353. From 1902, Sant Feliu de Pallerols was linked to Girona by th ...

File:Flag of Sant Fost de Campsentelles.svg, Sant Fost de Campsentelles File:Bandera de Sant Gregori.svg, Sant Gregori File:Bandera Sant Joan Despí.png, Sant Joan Despí File:Bandera de Santa Margarida i els Monjos.svg, Santa Margarida i els Monjos File:Bandera de Santañí (Islas Baleares).svg, Santanyí File:Bandera de Santpedor.svg, Santpedor File:Bandera de La Puebla (Islas Baleares).svg,

Sa Pobla Sa Pobla () is a small Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the district of Raiguer on Majorca, one of the Balearic Islands. It is a terminus on the Majorca rail network. The town is in the north of the island. It has an area of , stretching ...

File:Bandera de Saus, Camallera i Llampaies.svg, Saus, Camallera i Llampaies File:Bandera de Sancellas (Islas Baleares).svg, Sencelles File:Bandera de Senyera.svg, Senyera File:Bandera de Las Salinas (Islas Baleares).svg, Ses Salines File:Bandera de Silla.svg,

Silla Silla (; Old Korean: wikt:徐羅伐#Old Korean, 徐羅伐, Yale romanization of Korean, Yale: Syerapel, Revised Romanization of Korean, RR: ''Seorabeol''; International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: ) was a Korean kingdom that existed between ...

File:Bandera de Sinéu (Islas Baleares).svg, Sineu File:Bandera de Subirats.svg, Subirats File:Bandera de Tarragona.svg,

Tarragona Tarragona (, ; ) is a coastal city and municipality in Catalonia (Spain). It is the capital and largest town of Tarragonès county, the Camp de Tarragona region and the province of Tarragona. Geographically, it is located on the Costa Daurada ar ...

File:Flag of Tàrrega.svg,

Tàrrega Tàrrega (, ) is a town and municipality located in the Urgell (comarca), Urgell Comarques of Catalonia, comarca, Province of Lleida, Catalonia. According to the 2020 census (Statistical Institute of Catalonia), the town has a population of It ha ...

File:Bandera de Teià.svg,

Teià Teià () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Maresme in Catalonia, Spain. Twin towns * Massarosa Massarosa is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Lucca, Tuscany, Italy. The city is near Lucca and Pisa. The city hosts Massarosa ...

File:Bandera de Terrassa (2019-).svg,

Terrassa Terrassa () is a city in central-eastern Catalonia and in the province of Barcelona (Spain). It is one of the two capitals of Vallès Occidental county, being the larger in both area and population. The name ''Terrassa'' derives from Latin ''Te ...

File:Bandera de Tona.svg, Tona File:Bandera de Torrelavit.svg, Torrelavit File:Torroella de Montgrí Spain.svg, Torroella de Montgrí File:Bandera de Vacarisses.png, Vacarisses File:Bandera de la Comunidad Valenciana (2x3).svg, City of Valencia ( Reial Senyera) File:Bandera de Vallromanes (Barcelona).svg, Vallromanes File:Bandera de Vencillón.svg, Vencillón File:Bandera de Verges.svg, Verges File:Flag of Vic.svg, Vic File:Bandera de Villafranca de Bonany (Islas Baleares).svg, Vilafranca de Bonany File:Bandera de Vilagrassa.svg, Vilagrassa File:Bandera de Vilanova de Prades.svg, Vilanova de Prades File:Flag of Vilanova i la Geltrú.svg, Vilanova i la Geltrú File:Flag of Catalonia.svg, Vila-real File:Bandera de Xàtiva (roja).svg,

Xàtiva Xàtiva (; ) is a town in eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right (western) bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia, Spain, Valencia–Murcia and Valencia Albacete railways. It is located 25 km ...

Historical flags

File:Royal Banner of Aragón.svg,

flag File:Penó de la Conquesta.svg, The Pennon of the Conquest of Valencia File:Senyera valenciana preautonòmica.svg, interim

(1979–1980) File:Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg,

Kingdom of Sicily The Kingdom of Sicily (; ; ) was a state that existed in Sicily and the southern Italian peninsula, Italian Peninsula as well as, for a time, in Kingdom of Africa, Northern Africa, from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816. It was ...

flag File:Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg,

Kingdom of Naples The Kingdom of Naples (; ; ), officially the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was established by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–1302). Until ...

flag (1442–1501) File:Flag of the Kingdom of Majorca (1269).png,

Kingdom of Majorca The Kingdom of Majorca (, ; ; ; ) was an insular realm off the east coast of modern day Spain, which included the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The islands were conquered from the Almohad Caliphate by James I of Aragon, ...

(1269–1312) File:Bandera del Reino de Mallorca.svg,

City A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

and

(1312–1715) File:Flag of Languedoc-Roussillon.svg, Flag of the former French region of

Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon (; ; ) is a former regions of France, administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, it joined with the region of Midi-Pyrénées to become Occitania (administrative region), Occitania. It comprised five departments o ...

(1970–2015)

Military

File:Standard of the 6th Airborne Brigade Almogávares (Obverse).svg, Guindom of the 6th Airborne Brigade "Almogávares" (Obverse)

Flags of political movements

File:EstreladaAragonesa.svg, ''Estrelada aragonesa'' (Aragonese nationalist flag) File:Estelada blava.svg, Catalan Independentist blue

File:Estelada roja.svg, Catalan

Socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

Independentist red

File:Senyera del nacionalisme valencià.svg, Valencian nationalist estrelada File:Senyera d'Esquerra Valenciana (1931).svg, Valencian socialist estrelada File:EVIS flag.svg, Sicilian Independentist Movement flag

Notes

References

External links

*
Senyera History
Historic images {{Spanish Flags Crown of Aragon Flags of Spain Flags of France National flags History of Catalonia Catalan symbols Heraldic charges Flags of indigenous peoples Culture of Aragon Red and yellow flags ca:Senyera Reial